from simplicity to complexity, and from complexity to simplicity, it is the same law of artistic development. The former's "Jane" is a simple and relatively primary thing, while the latter's "Jane" is the refinement of pen and ink, which is the essence of the painter's highly summarized objects and images, and is a sign of the development from low level to high level. Complexity and simplicity are relative. Numerous people, many also. Simplicity means simplicity, and painting refers to simplicity, conciseness, conciseness, simplicity and so on. "Jane" is rooted in complexity, without which there can be no Jane. In terms of art, Jane mostly uses compliments, such as simplicity as a job, conciseness as the essence, brevity as a substitute for complexity, conciseness and realism, and so on. Therefore, "Jane" has brought new contents and new ideas to painting aesthetics. Qing Qing Li painted plum blossoms on the river:
Writing plum blossoms may not be timely, so don't blame the flowers for falling behind.
There are thousands of flowers, and only two or three are pleasing to the eye.
there are only two or three feasts, that is, writing two or three can also be done. "Building a natural image is an actual image, not an image in a painting, so you must give up what you can and take what you want." "Give up and take it, it must be in line with the law, so it is said that giving up and taking it is not up to people. Giving up must be out of the artistic heart of painting people, so it is said that giving up can be done by people. " (Pan Tianshou's "Essay on Listening to Tiange Paintings") The above can be described as "combining natural interests and tailoring labor costs", and the pen is simple and interesting.
Because of the rise of literati painting, which is reflected in China's paintings, the theory that simplicity is the best, "less wins more" and "simplicity wins more" is formed. Advocating understatement, paying attention to poetry and painting, being handy, getting what you want, being fascinated by reason, being really interesting and so on. Reflected in the use of pen and ink, it requires painters to have the courage to make bold choices and the ability to summarize and refine. Another example is Zheng Banqiao's poem about painting bamboo:
For forty years, he painted bamboo branches, writing by day and thinking at night.
cut all the redundancy and keep it thin. Painting is ripe when it is raw.
The predecessors praised Banqiao for painting bamboo as "painting bamboo is like a slope, and it is not chaotic, not sparse, and it is out of fashion, and its beauty is unparalleled." Then, how does Banqiao painting bamboo cut away all the redundancy and achieve perfection? He said in a picture of bamboo: "At the beginning, painting bamboo can be less but not more, and when it can be more, it can not be less;" This level of skill is the most difficult. " Nearly sixty years ago, I began to know "the method of reducing branches and leaves" and "conciseness to try to figure out" as the painting formula. It can be seen that sparseness and density, simplicity and complexity are mutually reflected and interdependent. The sparse is sparse, the secret is dense, when the complex is complex, when the simple is simple, we must understand it dialectically and use it flexibly, so that pen and ink can have the characteristics of "simplicity and complexity". Therefore, "painting is not difficult to be complicated, and it is difficult to use it." The power of reduction is greater than complexity, not by the environment, but by the pen. " (Quoted from Huang Binhong's Records on Painting) The development of Chinese painting is dominated by line modeling, calligraphy into painting and paying attention to pen and ink. In terms of ink painting, it can also be divided into landscapes, flowers and birds, and figures; As far as artistic style is concerned, it varies from person to person, which can be generally divided into line drawing, thick brushwork and freehand brushwork, part-time writing, Gu Zhuo school and so on. Its expression techniques can be complex and simple, but even in traditional ink painting, we should pay attention to the conciseness of the pen, use books to draw pictures, use qi to get rhyme, and we can't describe it when writing. Pay attention to the distribution of dots, lines and surfaces, the contrast and change of ink color, and pay attention to the interest of pen and ink. Therefore, to draw a good ink painting, you have to practice calligraphy. Practicing calligraphy is not only for inscription, but more importantly, it studies the artistic interest of the line through practicing calligraphy, which is reflected in the application and development of formal beauty in calligraphy in painting, giving people a beautiful enjoyment. Because "lines" can not only communicate ideas, strokes and scenes, but also have an independent sense of form and aesthetic value. This independent aesthetic value is not only in the pen, but also in the ink, which is for fun. Interesting expression, for fun; Those who show interest are interested; If interest has nothing to do with emotion and meaning, it is a pen-and-ink game. The word "game" may have derogatory meaning, and it may even be ridiculed by "formalism". However, it is undeniable that this pen-and-ink game itself does have a value that cannot be underestimated, with its shades of dryness and wetness and its severity of illness. Fascinating, unexpected, and full of fun, the enjoyment given to people is endless, and the fun is here, and the feelings and meanings will arise. " (Quoting the thread and book of Zheng Qi's "On the Philosophy of Chinese Painting") "The wonder of painting lies in the use of a pen and the method of using a pen. Bao Anwu's phrase" Wan Hao Qi Li "can be described as straightforward. Wang Moshi's hairspring, Wu Daozi's water shield strips, regardless of the thickness of the pen, are the same. " Therefore, Qing Gong said half a thousand words: "Song people have thousands of strokes without pen and simplicity, while Yuan people have three strokes without pen and two strokes without complexity." The ancients paid attention to brushwork, regardless of complexity, complexity and care, not appearance. (Huang Binhong's Record on Painting)
Another example is Qing Wang Shigu's title "Imitation of Ni Gaoshi Axis": "When painting, you should think about the mystery of the ancients every time you write, which means beyond the pen. If you realize this, you can do your best. The so-called pen is concise. Today's people are deliberately dense, but they are far from the ancients if they are careless in the important places. Complexity is easy to be confused, simplicity is easy to be thin, chaos is too complicated, and thinness is too simple. I don't know that the deeper the pen is used in complexity, the thicker the simplicity is, and the complexity and simplicity are appropriate, then the ancients can finish. "
Qing people have a school of imitating the ancient, which is rejected by later generations. In this inscription, while talking about the ancient meaning, Wang Shigu pointed out the relationship between complexity and simplicity of painting, but it is useful and enlightening. It is of great significance for future generations to learn tradition and promote the prosperity of painting. (quoted from Shen Shuhua's The Art of Inscription in Chinese Painting (describing the painting method))
"Chinese painting takes artistic conception, charm and interest as its highest position" (in Pan Tianshou). Therefore, the word "Jane Yuan" means that the subjectivity of "meaning" is objectively manifested, and the image expressed by the painter is the expression of his mood, feelings and self-cultivation, that is, "meaning beyond the image", which must be "yi pin, a master". How to seek "meaning"? Qing Nantian said: "It is necessary to observe the Tao with a clear mind and seek it quietly." "Poetry should be arc-shaped, painting should be quiet, and peace should be far away, so as to get the' meaning' of elegance". "The pen and ink are ruthless, and you must not make the pen and ink bearer ruthless; Painting is about feeling, and you must not make the painter feel bad. " Dong Qichang's self-painted poem "Qiu Shan Gao Shi Tu" says:
"... Who knows that Jane is far-reaching and high-minded, and a dime is worth a hundred books." "Simple and far-reaching" is a noble idea, and every stroke (ten cents) embodies the accomplishment of a hundred books in the painter's chest. Therefore, Nantian went on to say: "Charm is hidden in pen and ink, and pen and ink are all charming." He also wrote an inscription on a chrysanthemum picture: "I will lie in a room with (Chrysanthemum) in cold and hot weather, such as South China Zhenren (Zhuangzi) in become a butterfly." He regards chrysanthemum as his incarnation, and chrysanthemum and I are the same. Zhuangzi is called "materialization". Therefore, painting chrysanthemums means painting yourself, your heart, thoughts, intentions and feelings. (Quoted from Chen Chuanxi's A Brief History of Chinese Painting (Part II))
To sum up, the phrase "simplicity is the most important thing in painting" and "meaning is far". It is the refinement of the artist's skill and the crystallization of his attainments, and it is the realm that embodies the "meaning" of the master, just like the essence washed out by big waves. As for static painting, it is almost impossible to climb the peak.