this phenomenon of literati wine culture is closely related to the current social situation, humanistic environment and personal experience. In layman's terms, play with emotional appeal and show personality.
1. Chen Zun's investment jurisdiction and Liu Ling's hostess
There is an idiom in China called "Chen Zun's investment jurisdiction". Chen Zun, Hou of Javey in the Western Han Dynasty, was addicted to wine and good at reading. Historically, during the reign of Emperor Ping of Han Dynasty, Chen Zun "lived in Chang 'an as a rank minister, and all the guests returned home with wine and meat". Hospitality, enough wine and meat. He has a "rule": when the guests are full, close the door immediately and order someone to put the guest's car into the well so that the guests can't leave.
jurisdiction, a small object, is used to insert the hole of the car and fix the axle to prevent the wheel from falling off. Fuck it, the car won't work. Later generations praised the hospitality of "Chen Zun governs".
There is also a Kong Rong who is not so studious and reads widely. In the Han Dynasty, it was named Beihai Phase. Cao Chen lived in the Ming Dynasty from 755 to 79. When Kong Rong was at home without electricity, he couldn't help but sigh: "The guests are always full, the wine is not empty, and I have no worries."
one is a high-ranking official, and the other is losing power in China. Their circumstances are quite different. Their demands are the same: guests are always full, but respect is not empty.
If we gather people and gather people, what we pursue is a lively atmosphere, a lively mood and a happy mood; Then, three or more confidants are drunk, and the pursuit is to be harmonious with each other and get carried away. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", namely Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Dan Tao, Xiang Xiu, Ruan Xian, Wang Rong and Liu Ling, had friendly relations and often dined together under the bamboo forest.
Ruan is an alcoholic, who can scream, play the piano and write. History, Wei and Jin Dynasties, "There are many reasons in the world, but few celebrities. The reason is that they don't compete with the world, so they often drink hard. " Wang Gong, the son of a noble family, once asked Chen Wang how Ruan Ji's drinking capacity was better than that of Sima Xiangru in Han Dynasty. Chen Wang replied: "Ruan Ji has a lump in his chest and needs to be watered with wine." In Ruan Ji's chest. Moreover, drinking has become a way for him to stay safe. At that time, Zhong Hui, the confidant of Sima's family, was in power and tried several times to govern Ruan Ji with current events. Fortunately, Ruan Ji was drunk and avoided the disaster.
Liu Ling is a heavy drinker, too, and he has a book "A Record of Chinese Tongue". The villagers built roads and dug up the Millennium Dragon King, saying that drinking is "reckless and carefree, and it is endless fun." However, when you were drunk, you suddenly woke up. Moreover, "I don't feel the pain of cold and heat, I don't feel the feeling of greed, and I look down on everything, such as duckweed in Jianghan." Taking drinking as morality is to declare an emotional appeal of drinking. So, Liu Ling simply took a pot of wine, got on a deer cart and drank with her. He also asked someone to go with him with a shovel, saying, "When you die, you dig and bury it. "
2. Wine and poetry are inseparable.
In the Tang Dynasty, "Zhu Xi's Six Relapses" means that six people, Li Bai, Kong, Han Zhun, Pei Zheng, Zhang Shuming and Tao Mian, got married in Zhu Xi at the foot of Culai Mountain in Tai 'an, and got together every day to have fun drinking and singing, so as to make friends at cocktail parties and at pen meetings.
Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, has a poem Ode to Wine Virtue, which describes the drunkenness of He, Li, Cui Zongzhi, Li Bai, Zhang Xu and Jiao Sui, and outlines their unrestrained temperament. The poem "Li Bai fights for wine and writes hundreds of poems, sleeps in Chang 'an Restaurant, and the son of heaven calls himself Brewmaster" reveals Li Bai's true nature when he came out of Culai Mountain. However, eight people, including He He, did not get together for a banquet, but stayed in Chang 'an successively.
It seems that reciting poems and finding sentences has become a word game of drinking and playing with emotional appeal, or expressing one's mind directly, or pinning one
In the process of drinking, even drinking utensils have become a way of playing with emotional appeal.
During the Wei Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty, Zheng Yi often took guests and aides to Licheng to escape the summer. They plucked the big lotus leaves from the stems, then punctured the leaves and connected them with the stems. Fill three liters of wine on the lotus leaf. "Verticillium dahliae on the bent stem is like a trunk, which is passed down and sucked down, and it is called Biguo Cup". It is said that the wine tastes like lotus, and the fragrance is better than water cooling.
On March 3rd, 9th, Yonghe, East Mu Zong, forty-one people, including Wang Xizhi, Xie An and others, held a livelihood ceremony in Lanting according to folk customs. They gather by the canal at the corner, put their glasses on the running water, stop in front of someone and have a drink at once. This is called "running water". During the dinner, everyone wrote a poem and combined it into a set. Wang Xizhi was asked to preface these poems. Foreword Wang Xizhi wrote: "Although there are no such things as silk, bamboo and orchestral strings, a chant is enough to express a romantic love." Aren't you playing emotional appeal, streaming and singing?
3. Ghost drinking, prisoner drinking, turtle drinking and crane drinking.
Gong Kui lived in the Yuan Dynasty from 755 to 79. Yang Weizhen was good at poetry and calligraphy in Yuan Dynasty, and was ridiculed as a "literary demon" because of his strange style. Living in Songjiang in his later years, he indulged in debauchery and was addicted to poetry and wine. One day, while drinking with Ni Zan at a friend's house, Yang Weizhen took off the shoes of the escort prostitute, and put a wine glass in the shoes, which was called "shoe cup". Ni Zan, a painter, is famous for his cleanliness. He felt very angry when he saw the "shoe cup". He reversed his case and accused him, even shouting foul.
Literati drink and have fun, blindly pursuing novelty, and some simply brew and drink themselves. For example, in the Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian and Lu You successively wrote poems praising the "Spring Bijiu" brewed by themselves. In particular, Su Dongpo, when he was relegated to Huizhou in the first year of Shaosheng in the Northern Song Dynasty, recited his poem "Four Friends Zhai Cong Shuo": "An idle person, who taught me with ghost wine, has grown up, and the jade is fragrant and not secular." Another poem, Youyang Miscellaneous, describes a self-made poem: "Pour fragrant and spicy food into bottles and pots, and bring rain and muddy water to high spirits and cherish spring. "Clean up the urn in the mountain and welcome the bright moon to the incense bottle". After drinking the homemade osmanthus wine, the feeling of carefree and enjoying oneself is vividly on the paper.
The Song Dynasty poet Zhang Shunmin recorded the Five Laws of Drinking in Yunlin Legacy: "Su Shunqin and Shi Yannian said: ghost drinking, wine drinking, prisoner drinking, turtle drinking and crane drinking." In Song Dynasty, Su Shunqin and Shi Yannian were famous for their good wine and poems. The so-called ghost drinkers don't light candles and drink in the dark; Alcoholics should sigh and cry every time they drink; Prisoners, sitting together, only outcrops and drinking; A turtle drinker wrapped himself in a furry mat, exposing his head, and then withdrew after drinking; Crane drinker, have a drink, go up the tree, and then go down the tree to drink.
Shen Kuo's Ode to Guijiu in the Northern Song Dynasty also recorded "Five Drinks", which is slightly different. Shi Yannian said: "Every time I drink with a guest, I will sit down naked and covered in equipment." . He not only shows his shining feet, but also wears his own equipment. This is called prisoner drinking. Drinking in the treetops is called drinking in the nest. Wrapped in hay bales, exposed to drink, called turtle drink. The rest is the same as before.
According to the year of Newly Brewed Guijiu in Ming Dynasty, Huangfusong was in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Shao Hao was in the year of Painting Record. He believes that "everyone has his own desire to get drunk." "Drunken flowers" are suitable for daytime, bright and colorful; "Drunken Snow" is suitable for the night, clearing your mind; "drunken pride" is suitable for singing, showing its harmony; "Get drunk and leave" is suitable for playing bowls to strengthen their behavior; "Drunken literati" is suitable for cautious etiquette, fearing its contempt; "Drunk and handsome people" refers to people with special talents who are drunk, so it is advisable to add cups, pots and other utensils and flags to cheer the wind; "Drunk floor