1. Cao Rulin (1877-1966) was born in Shanghai, with the courtesy name Runtian. He studied in Japan in his early years. In the spring of 1911, he was appointed deputy minister of foreign affairs of the Qing government. In August 1913, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Yuan Shikai's government.
In 1915, he and Lu Zhengxiang negotiated with Japan on Yuan's order and signed the "Twenty-One Articles" that was a loss of power and humiliation to the country. After 1916, he served as the Chief of Communications and Chief of Finance of the Beiyang Warlord Government. During the May 4th Movement in 1919, Beijing students unanimously demanded the punishment of three pro-Japanese traitors, including Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu, and Zhang Zongxiang. On June 10, the Beijing government was forced to order the removal of Cao and three others.
During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the top adviser to the puppet North China Provisional Government and an advisory member of the North China Government Affairs Committee. He fled to Taiwan in 1949, and later to Japan and the United States. Died in Detroit.
2. Wang Jingwei
In May 1932, with the consent of Jiang and Wang, the Nationalist Government signed the "Songhu Armistice Agreement" with Japan, which was humiliating and humiliating the country. In May and June of 1935, he approved the "Ho-Mei Agreement" and the "Qin-Turk Agreement", handing over the sovereignty of North China to the Japanese invaders, and public opinion was in an uproar.
After Wang Jingwei surrendered to Japan and established a puppet regime, he vigorously promoted and promoted the "East Asia Alliance" theory originated from Japan. He adopted the so-called four-point program of the "East Asia Alliance" of "political independence, military alliance, economic cooperation, and cultural communication".
As a theoretical basis for whitewashing his traitorous behavior and surrendering to the enemy, he tried to use it as a shield to resist the world's scorn, and used this traitorous theory as an ideological weapon to poison the people in the occupied areas and disintegrate the anti-Japanese camp.
Extended information:
John Hunter Boyle, a history professor at Stanford University and an expert on the history of the Sino-Japanese War, said in the book "The Inside Story of Collaboration During the Sino-Japanese War": The Wang government Similar to the Vichy government, "when they thought the Axis Congress had won, they tried to gain a more favorable position for their country in the "new order."
Cao Rulin was defined as a famous traitor. One of the origins can be traced back to 1905. On November 17 of that year, the Plenipotentiary Ambassadors of China and Japan, Yi Kuang and Komura Jutaro, held negotiations on the treaty of the three eastern provinces. Yuan Shikai participated as one of the Chinese representatives. The "Japan expert" Cao Rulin appeared as Yuan Shikai's assistant
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia--Wang Jingwei
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia--Cao Rulin