Dongba hieroglyphics
Dongba hieroglyphics are the characters of Naxi nationality in Lijiang area, belonging to hieroglyphics, including pictographs, meanings, symbols, sounds and other fonts. The total number of characters is about 1600.
Dongba's ideographic method mainly uses one word or several words to express a sentence, from left to right and from top to bottom. This kind of writing was produced about 1 1 century ago. This is a very primitive hieroglyph. Judging from the development of writing form, it is even more primitive than Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and belongs to the early form of writing origin. The earliest symbol images were painted on wood and stone. It was not until the invention of paper that these symbol images were written on paper and became Dongba classics. Dongba is called Dongba because it has mastered this kind of writing.
With the development of Naxi society and the mutual influence of national culture, some Dongba in Lijiang created Gebawen in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Geba means disciple, Gebawen is a character created by Dongbashro descendants, and Gebawen is the transformation and development of Dongba. Naxi people created two ancient Chinese characters, which are still in use today. They are not only precious historical materials to solve the mystery of human writing, but also one of the ideal fonts to enrich and develop China's traditional calligraphy and seal cutting. Dongba characters are known as the only complete "living hieroglyphics" in the world. It is one of the oldest hieroglyphs in the world and a "living fossil" of the origin and development of human social characters.
Shuishu
Ancient characters of Shui nationality and Dongba language of Naxi nationality are the only remaining hieroglyphs in the world. Shuishu is a kind of writing symbol system similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, and it is an ancient book that records the ancient culture of the Shui nationality, such as astronomy, geography, religion and law, and can be described as an "encyclopedia" of the Shui nationality. It has been handed down mainly by handwriting and oral transmission, and is known as the "living fossil" of hieroglyphics. According to experts' research, there are about 800 ancient water script characters found in Shui Shu, and there are 2500 ancient water script characters with variant characters.
The structure of ancient Shuishu characters can be roughly divided into the following three types: first, hieroglyphics, some of which are similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen; The second is imitation of Chinese characters, that is, reverse writing, reverse writing or changing the writing method of Chinese characters, and the third is religious characters, that is, various password symbols representing the primitive religion of the Shui people. The writing form is vertical from right to left, without punctuation. At present, the carriers of ancient Shui characters mainly include oral writing, hand-made paper, embroidery, stone inscription, woodcut, ceramic forging and so on. Because of its pictographic structure, Shui Shu is mainly written and described by natural things such as flowers, birds, insects and fish, as well as some totems such as dragons. It still retains the information of ancient civilization and is still widely used in Shui nationality areas.
Naxi hieroglyphs
Naxi hieroglyphics are a kind of hieroglyphics, *** 1300 characters, with a history of 1000 years. It is a well-preserved hieroglyph in the world at present, and is known as "the living fossil of words".