Because Zhao Kuangyin made his fortune in Songzhou, his country was named "Song". Because the royal family's surname was Zhao, he was also called Zhao Song. Also, because the Five Virtues were said to be the end of the Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty was called Huode, so it was also called Zhao Kuangyin. "Huo Song" and "Yan Song" are respectfully called the Song Dynasty. The capital of the Song Dynasty was Kaifeng, which was called Tokyo. Afterwards, China was gradually unified. Because its territory reached north of the Yellow River compared with the Southern Song Dynasty, it was called the Northern Song Dynasty by later generations.
In the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin soldiers captured Tokyo and the Northern Song Dynasty fell. Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne and inherited the throne in Yingtian Mansion, Nanjing (today's Shangqiu, Henan Province), changed the Yuan Dynasty to Jianyan, and rebuilt the Song Dynasty, which was known as the Southern Song Dynasty in history. Zhao Zhu became the first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), Lin'an Prefecture (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) was the capital of the city and was called Xingzai.
Extended information
Culture of the Song Dynasty
Technology
In the Song Dynasty, driven by the entire social economy and culture, science and technology gained With great progress, the scientific and technological achievements of the two Song Dynasties not only became a peak in the history of ancient Chinese science and technology, but also took a leading position in the world at that time. The four major Chinese inventions that promoted the development of human civilization were improved and applied in the Song Dynasty.
When talking about science and technology in the Song Dynasty, people often mention Shen Kuo and his "Mengxi Bi Tan". For example, Dr. Joseph Needham praised Shen Kuo as "the most outstanding figure in the entire history of Chinese science", and his "Mengxi Bi Tan" is "the coordinate in the history of Chinese science".
There have also been many achievements in other areas, such as medicine, which was divided into nine subjects from the previous three subjects, and the world's earliest forensic medicine book "The Record of Wrongs" appeared. Acupuncture has developed greatly. "Jingshi Zheng Lei Materia Medica" contains 476 new kinds of medicines compared to "Tang Materia Medica".
The most representative calendar of the Song Dynasty is the "Tongtian Calendar" promulgated in the fourth year of Qingyuan by Ning Zong. This calendar was created by Yang Zhongfu. It differs from the modern measured value by only 26 seconds, and is the same as the data used in the current Gregorian calendar.
It is 383 years earlier than the issuance of the Western "Gregorian Calendar". However, due to unproven predictions of solar eclipses, the "Tongtian Calendar" was only used until the third year of Kaixi. In the same year, the Kaixi Calendar was created to replace the Tongtian Calendar, which was used for 45 years.
Academic
The revival of Confucianism was completed, and traditional Confucian classics entered a new stage of "Song Studies", giving birth to New Confucianism, or Neo-Confucianism. It promoted the in-depth development of the intersection of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism and completed the ancient prose movement. Among the eight great masters of poetry in the Tang and Song dynasties, six were from the Song Dynasty, when poetry reached its peak, and scripts ushered in a new era in the history of Chinese literature.
Historical genres are diverse, with the rise of local chronicles and epigraphy; there are rich works and numerous historians, reaching the pinnacle of the development of ancient Chinese historiography. The formation and development of the academy system. For example, calligraphy, sculpture, stone carving, painting, etc. have reached a new level, and Buddhism and Taoism have also made new developments.
Reference source Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Dynasty (Chinese historical dynasty)