By reading, collecting books, teaching, writing books, commenting on books and recommending books, we will develop the best personal hobbies in the world, make the best tutors and friends in the world, and we will live forever because of infinite wisdom.
Lu Xun chewed pepper to drive away the cold.
Mr. Lu Xun studied hard since he was a child. When I was a teenager, I attended Jiangnan Naval Academy and got excellent results in the first semester. The school awarded him a gold medal. After getting the medal, he immediately took it to the street of Nanjing Gulou for sale. Then he bought some books and a bunch of red peppers. Whenever it was cold at night, he couldn't stand reading at night, so he picked a pepper and chewed it in his mouth, making his forehead sweat. He insisted on driving away the cold in this way.
Wang Yanan sleeps in a three-legged bed.
When Wang Yanan was a child, he was ambitious and loved reading.
When he was in middle school, in order to gain more time to study, he deliberately sawed off one foot of his wooden bed and turned it into a three-legged bed. Read until late at night every day, sleep when tired, turn over in confusion, and tilt the bed in the direction of short feet. He woke up suddenly, got out of bed at once, and read on his desk at night. Every day, he never stops As a result, he achieved excellent results every year and was known as the "three outstanding figures" in his class.
He studied hard as a teenager and eventually became an outstanding economist in China.
Engels' reading method
One of Engels' reading methods is to attach importance to the original work, and generally do not use second-hand and third-hand materials easily.
1884 On August 6th, Georg Henrich Vollmar, a German social Democrat, wrote a letter to Engels, saying that there was a woman who was very interested in socialism and planned to study social sciences, but she didn't know which college to go to. Engels replied that this question is difficult to answer, because every science, especially economics, is badly neglected in universities. The key is to learn by yourself and master effective methods of self-study.
Engels said in his letter: "Learn from truly classic books, not from the most offensive summary readings of German economics or the author's handouts." "The most important thing is to seriously study classical economics from the physiocratic school to schools such as Smith and Ricardo, as well as the works of utopian socialism Saint-Simon, Fourier and Owen, as well as Marx's works, and at the same time constantly strive to draw your own opinions." In other words, read the original work systematically.
Judging from the bibliography he has read, although he has read many popular brochures, newspapers and periodicals, etc. , is the classic original that spends the most effort and reads the most. He believes that reading the original works systematically is the correct reading method for research. In this way, we can understand the process of the emergence, development and perfection of a theory, not only comprehensively and systematically grasp the basic principles, but also grasp its development process and understand the whole picture of this theory.
"Jack-style" reading method
Jack London, an American writer, has experienced hardships and tempering, and cherishes the opportunity of reading. When he comes across a book, he won't pry it open with a sleigh and steal some contents. Instead, he is like a hungry wolf, putting his teeth into the book's throat, sucking its blood violently, swallowing its meat and crushing its bones! Until all the fibers and muscles in that book became a part of him.
Yang Zhenning's "Infiltration" Reading Method
Professor Yang Zhenning believes that since knowledge permeates and expands mutually, the method of mastering knowledge should also be adapted to it.
When we concentrate on studying a course or delving into a subject, if we consciously extend the tentacles of wisdom to the adjacent knowledge fields, it will inevitably produce a different artistic conception. If we are part of those familiar knowledge chains, we are likely to make unexpected new discoveries.
If time and energy permit, we might as well read books on related majors. It doesn't matter if you don't know them for a while. There may be some valuable inspirations on the way. Infiltration learning will broaden our horizons, activate our thinking and greatly improve learning efficiency.
Mao Mu's "Interesting" Reading Method
Mao Mu, an English writer, put forward the idea of "reading for pleasure". He said, "I don't advise you to read one book before reading another. Personally, I think it is more reasonable to read five or six books at the same time, because we can't keep the same mood every day, and even within one day, our enthusiasm for a book may not be the same. "
Reading method of "total, divided and combined"
The so-called total is to form an overall impression of the whole book first. On the basis of browsing the preface, postscript, editing and other general things, read the table of contents carefully and get a general understanding of the structure, system, clue content and main points of the book.
The so-called "dividing" means skimming the full text page by page rather than word by word on the basis of "overall" understanding. In skimming, we should pay special attention to the key points, points and contents closely related to our own needs.
The so-called total is to read a complete book, organize and systematize the impressions, and organically combine ideas and materials. After careful thinking and synthesis, the internal relations of the whole book are clarified, so as to achieve the purpose of summing up, deepening and improving.
Yu's "Afraid of Friends" Reading Method
Yu, an essayist, said: "We should strive to find friends who are higher than ourselves, so that reading can become a kind and enterprising activity that requires a lot of mental power. We should try our best to reduce our reading level, which is basically the same as our current level, and be willing to accept the shaping of ourselves by good books. There may be different levels of books in our bookshelf, which are suitable for intensive reading, not books that we can ignore and look up, but books that we need to look up. "
Gu personally supervised reading.
Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. This famous saying was first put forward by Gu, a patriotic thinker and famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
Gu studied hard since he was a child. Enlightened at the age of 6, he began to read history books and literary masterpieces at the age of 65,438+00. At the age of 65,438+065,438+0, his grandfather Li Rang finished Zi Jian, and warned: "Now some people try to save trouble. Just reading books such as outlines thinks that everything will be fine. Secondly, he limited himself to copying the books he finished reading every day. After he finished reading Purple Tongzhi Sword, one book became two books. Thirdly, I ask myself to take notes and write down my experiences every time I read a book. Some of his reading notes were later incorporated into the famous book Rizhilu; Finally, every spring and autumn, he will review the books he read in the first half of the year, read them silently, ask people to read them aloud, and check them immediately if they find any differences. He made it a rule to review 200 pages every day and never rest.
Qin Mu: Cows chew whales and swallow them.
Qin Mu, a famous contemporary writer, reads a lot of books, newspapers and magazines every day to accumulate knowledge. Therefore, his works are like gems of knowledge, shining with unique brilliance. When talking about reading, Qin Mu advocated adopting the way of eating cows and whales, that is, "chewing cows" and "swallowing whales".
What is "cow chewing"? He said: "I ate grass during the day, and the old cow was still talking until midnight, chewing everything swallowed during the day." Do this many times for things that need intensive reading, and chew very carefully before swallowing. Some books are general at first, and then carefully studied section by section. In this way, indigestible things are easy to digest. " This is a cow.
Then what is "whale swallowing"? He said that the baleen whale, a behemoth of cetaceans, can swim like a floating island, but it feeds on small fish and shrimp in the sea. How do these gadgets fill its huge belly? It turns out that the baleen whale has been swimming with its mouth open, and the small fish and shrimp flow into its mouth with the sea water. When it closed its mouth, seawater rushed out of its teeth, leaving a lot of small fish and shrimp on the sieve. If you eat in such a big mouth, the whole ton of small fish and shrimp will enter the whale's stomach bag. People should learn how to eat whales while reading widely. If they want to learn something, they won't read widely. If you can't "swallow" tens of thousands of words every day, it will be difficult to enrich your knowledge. You can't be strong by relying on exquisite snacks and vitamin tablets.
"Cow chewing" and "whale swallowing" should not be ignored. We should not only "swallow a whale", but also read a lot of books extensively and study and taste several classic works repeatedly. In this way, intensive reading and extensive reading can be organically combined.
Li Bai reads books
Li Bai was a famous poet in China in the Tang Dynasty. It is beneficial to study his reading methods. Li Bai's family conditions are good and his books are rich. As the saying goes, "recite six classics at the age of five, and watch a hundred schools at the age of ten." In his own poems, he skillfully quoted ancient things, which shows how deep his bedding is.
Li Bai is ambitious, knowledgeable and practical in reading. He said, "white explores mystery, middle observes the world, and the bottom deals with people." How brave it takes to get through from top to bottom! He also said: "With economic talent, writing can change customs, and learning can study heaven and man." ("Song Zhongcheng's Self-recommendation Form") This statement is not fiction. Probably, the poet's laurel is not as valuable as it is now. Although Li Bai wrote a good poem when he was young, he didn't flaunt that he wanted to be a poet in the future, but kept saying it. Li Bai's thought was deeply influenced by the sages. For example, Qu Yuan hated the dirty world at that time, learned from a bitter experience and hoped for reform. Sima Qian said in the book "Report to Ren An" that the purpose of his writing history books is "to change the past and present in the Ming Dynasty into a unified statement."
Reading is hard work and fun. Li Bai wrote in the poem "Reading in the Hanlin is a gathering of literati": "Reading is scattered, exploring the ancient and the wonderful, talking about it with enlightenment, hiding the book and laughing suddenly." From these poems, we can see how Li Bai studies hard and has a tenacious spirit of never giving up until he reaches his goal. The author and ... No wonder Tao Yuanming "knows everything, says everything". "Laughing while collecting books" or "Too happy to forget to eat" are all the fun of reading.