This time I went to Jingbian with a few classmates and friends to visit classmate He who works here. This time, we focused on visiting the Jingbian County Museum.
The Jingbian Museum is located in Wutai Forest Park, with a total investment of 38 million yuan. It is a Han-style building. The building area is 12,238 square meters, the exhibition hall on the first floor covers an area of ??2,200 square meters, and there are currently 1,734 pieces (groups) of cultural relics in the collection. The exhibition is named "Hometown of Xiazhou, Border Town on the Fortress". *** is divided into five units: Light of Civilization, Border Beacons, Diversified Integration, Red Historical Sites, and Economic Jingbian, which interprets the historical evolution of Jingbian. It is the largest county-level museum with the largest collection I have ever seen. With the help of the museum, we have a more comprehensive and profound understanding of Jingbian.
1. A very large county with a vast territory and a large population.
Jingbian County has a total area of ??5,088 square kilometers, and the per capita land area is 31 acres, which is 3.3 times the average of Shaanxi Province. It has 1.68 million acres of cultivated land resources, and the per capita cultivated land is 5 acres, including 1 acres of irrigated land. mu. The county's forest and grass preservation area is 214,117 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 43%, ranking among the top in northern Shaanxi. It is the first county in the Yellow River Basin that basically does not transport sediment to the Yellow River.
As of the end of 2018, Jingbian County had a total population of 361,300 and a permanent population of 382,000. It is a large county with a large area and large population.
2. A cultural county with a long history.
Jingbian was known as "Xiazhou" and "Shuofang" in history. It has a documented history in the Paleolithic Age, as evidenced by the ancient cultural sites such as Xiaoqiaopan and Daqigou in the territory. The Zhou Dynasty began to establish counties for management. Since then, it has changed several times and had many organizations and names, but they all focused more on the nature of important border towns. In the sixth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1373), the "Jingbian Guard" was established, and in the ninth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1731), "Jingbian County" was established. From then on, the name Jingbian was fixed.
Jingbian County has a long history and splendid culture. In addition to some stoneware and porcelain, the most impressive things in the museum are some murals in the museum, such as "Confucius Meets Laozi and Asks for Gifts", which shows that this place is also a missionary place for saints. The "Han Dynasty Carriage and Horse Travel Map" shows that the life civilization of people on the border in the Han Dynasty has reached a certain height; especially the treasure of the museum is the map of servants unearthed from the stone coffin of Yang Hui's tomb in the Tang Dynasty, "Asan" and "Chunhua" "Zhong Cha" and other nine women and one man have plump figures and soft lines, which reflect the skill of the craftsmen and painters and have important reference value for the study of ancient culture and the living habits of aristocrats. The unearthing of a large number of epitaphs has provided important information for the study of Chinese calligraphy art. For this reason, in February 2018, Jingbian County was named the "Hometown of Calligraphy in Shaanxi Province".
In addition, Jingbian County’s folk arts such as paper-cutting, Xintianyou, and Bawangbian are unique in style and have long been famous. They are known as the “Hometown of Folk Paper-cutting” and “The Hometown of Xintianyou”.
2. A veritable economic county.
Although Jingbian is located in a desert border area, contrary to people's impression of water shortage in desert areas, Jingbian County is not only not drought-prone, but also has abundant water resources. The total amount of water resources is 353 million cubic meters, and the per capita water resource occupation is 1,200 cubic meters. There are six major rivers in the territory, including Lu River, Dali River, Hongliu River, Hei River, Xingzi River, and Zhou River. There are 35 large and medium-sized reservoirs built in total, with a total storage capacity of 880 million cubic meters, ranking first in Shaanxi Province.
Accompanying the abundant water resources are the rich and diverse animal and plant resources here.
What is even more enviable than the animal and plant resources is the rich mineral resources buried underground here. Oil, gasoline, coal, and salt are the four pillar industries here.
Oil: The Jingbian Oil Production Plant, with reserves of more than 300 million tons and an annual output of 1 million tons, is a major tax collector here.
Natural gas: The natural gas field in the central part of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Basin, centered on Jingbian, has proven reserves of 466.6 billion cubic meters. It is the earliest onshore and largest world-class integrated large gas field discovered in China. It has an annual purification capacity of China's largest natural gas purification plant with a capacity of 5 billion cubic meters is responsible for supplying gas to more than 20 large and medium-sized cities across the country, including Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai, and Yinchuan. It is the hub of the "West-East Gas Transmission".
Coal: The coal resources in the northern part of Jingbian County cover an area of ??more than 800 square kilometers and are connected to the Shenfu Coalfield. The proven reserves are more than 3.5 billion tons, and the total reserves are predicted to be 15-20 billion tons. .
Rock salt: Nearly 80% of the 5,088 square kilometers of Jingbian County contains rock salt. The depth of the salt layer is between 2,400 and 3,500 meters. The rock salt reserves are estimated to be 150-200 billion tons.
In addition to the strong mining economy, Jingbian's tourism, agriculture, animal husbandry, transportation, etc. have also achieved considerable development. In 2018, Jingbian County achieved a regional gross product (GDP) of 37.339 billion yuan, and in 2019 it reached 39.88 billion yuan. The total GDP ranks fourth in Yulin City. Calculated based on the permanent population, the per capita GDP reaches 98,351 yuan.
In 2019, Jingbian County was selected as one of the top 100 counties in western China.
4. Jingbian County is a place of outstanding people.
Although Jingbian County is located on the border, it is windy and sandy, and its geographical and climate environment is poor. But there is no shortage of talent. Although most of the items on display in the museum are heroes who are famous for their military exploits, there are also many people who have made outstanding contributions in culture and art outside the museum.
During the Sui Dynasty, Yu Wenkai, a great architect from Jingbian, planned, designed and presided over the construction of Daxing City (Chang'an City), which became an example of urban construction for later generations.
The ruins of Tongwancheng, the capital of the Daxia Kingdom in the territory, are the only capital ruins left by the Huns in human history.
In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the Jingbian County Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Soviet Government were established, and became the only county-level revolutionary regime that was not overturned during the second civil revolutionary war.
During the Revolutionary War, when the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai moved to northern Shaanxi, they lived and fought for 65 days and nights in Xiaohe, Tianci Bay, Qingyang Cha and other places in Jingbian. During this period, they held The famous "Xiaohe Conference" kicked off the national liberation war from strategic defense to strategic counter-offensive.
In particular, the Battle of Tianci Bay has become a legend. On the evening of June 9, 1947, Chairman Mao led the "Kunlun Column" composed of central agencies and detachments to shut down the radio station. On June 10, they arrived at Tianciwan Village, located on the mountainside of Gaoliang Mountain. There are several steep mountains surrounding the village. On the cliff, after the Kuomintang chasing troops arrived, there was a mountain ridge separating the two armies. The distance was so close that people in the village could hear the enemy soldiers' voices and see the sparks from their cigarette butts. Our army survived the crisis safely under the enemy's nose, without the enemy noticing, and the "Kunlun Column" escaped disaster. Tianci Bay has truly become a geomantic treasure land, attracting future generations to visit and marvel at it.
During the short one-day trip to Jingbian, apart from the time for eating, sleeping and chatting, the time spent walking around Jingbian was less than half a day. But the impression that Jingbian has left us has undergone earth-shaking changes. Its vastness and grandeur, its long and splendid history and culture, its Wave Valley, the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, Tongwan City, museums, its Xiaohe Village, Tianci Bay, Its desolate and colorful past, its prosperous and struggling present, and its beautiful and hopeful future all attract and move me.
Jingbian, I will continue to pay attention and come again!