Poetry flourished in the Song Dynasty, and most of the poets came from the Song Dynasty
Poetry writers of the Five Dynasties in the late Tang Dynasty
Wen Tingyun, the first writer in the history of humanities in the late Tang Dynasty who wrote lyrics vigorously , about seventy poems exist in the world. The subject matter is narrow, mainly the boudoir, and the lyrics are the first of its kind in the erotic genre. The style is beautiful and graceful.
Wei Zhuang, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. He came to Shu from the Tang Dynasty and became the prime minister. He was the most accomplished poet in the former Shu.
Zhou Ji's "Jie Cun Zhai's Miscellaneous Works on Ci": "Fei Qing's makeup is strict, but Duanji's makeup is light." The two men's "Bodhisattva Man" can prove it.
Huajian Ci Writer: named after "Huajian Collection" compiled by Zhao Chongzuo of the Later Shu Dynasty. It has ten volumes and contains 500 poems. There are eighteen poets, most of whom are Shu people or wandering officials. Most people live in Shu. Wen Tingyun is recommended as the originator. The content is mostly about love between men and women, parting and missing each other, etc. The style is rich, fragrant and soft.
Ouyang Jiong's "Preface to the Collection of Flowers": "The master of Qiyan, the beautiful woman in embroidery, handed over the flower paper from leaf to leaf, and drew the beautiful brocade; held up the slender jade finger, patted the fragrant sandalwood on the table. It's not without reason. The poems of the Qing Dynasty use a charming and charming attitude. They come from the palace style of the Southern Dynasty and advocate the wind in the north. "
The poets of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties
Feng Yansi, Li Yu and other Southern Tang poets. Ren
Feng Yansi, who has more than 90 poems in Zhengzhong, is the most famous poet in the Five Dynasties. His poems mainly focus on the love between men and women and the longing for parting and lovesickness. However, many of the romances have been removed, and the characters' moods are often expressed through scenes. There is "Visiting the Golden Gate" (a sudden wind blows and wrinkles a pool of spring water).
Li Jing, the master of the Southern Tang Dynasty, has four preserved poems. Compared with Feng Yansi, he is more solemn and has a stronger sense of worry. The famous one is "Huanxi Sha" (Dry Rain Dreams Return to Jisaiyuan).
Li Yu, the sixth son of Li Jing, unfortunately became the emperor. In his youth and fifteen years after his reign, he was rich and prosperous (975); in the Song Dynasty, he broke Jinling and took him prisoner. There is a poem in "Po Zhenzi" (Forty Years of Home and Country): "On the day of farewell to the temple in a hurry, the Jiaofang is still playing. Farewell song, weeping to Gong'e."
Zhao Kuangyin thought that Li Yuhe should be a "bachelor of the Hanlin Academy" and was kind to him, so Zhao Guangyi gave him medicine and died.
The status of his Ci in the history of Ci:
1. The later Ci poems evolved from the eroticism in the early stage to the pain of family and country and the emotion of life. And express it in an artistic and visual way.
2. From being subtle and charming to expressing one's heart directly, it breaks through the expressive content of the words and broadens the realm of the words.
3. The style is clear and elegant.
Wang Guowei: When the poet came to the late master, his vision began to broaden, and his emotion became deeper, so he changed the poem of a lingong to the poem of a scholar-official.
Famous poet in the Song Dynasty
Ouyang Xiu, 1007-1072, was a writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Uncle Yong, his nickname was Zuiweng, Liuyi Jushi, and he was a native of Jishui, Jizhou (now Jiangxi). Tiansheng Jinshi. Lei Guanzhizhigao, Hanlin bachelor, deputy envoy to the privy council, and participated in political affairs. He was the leader of the classical prose movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. The prose is fluent in reasoning and euphemistic in lyricism. It is one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". The poetic style is similar to that of prose, the language is fluent and natural, and the words are profound, graceful and beautiful. There is "Ouyang Wenzhong Collection", and the collection of poems includes "Six Words", "Modern Style Yuefu" and "The Drunken Old Man's Musical Collection".
Li Qingzhao 1084~? , a female poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. No. Yi'an Jushi, a native of Zhangqiu, Qizhou (now Shandong). His father, Li Gefei, was a famous scholar at that time, and his husband, Zhao Mingcheng, was an epigraphic expert. In his early days, he lived a prosperous life, and together with Zhao Mingcheng, he devoted himself to collecting and organizing calligraphy, painting and epigraphy. Jin soldiers invaded the Central Plains and lived in the south. Mingcheng died of illness and was left alone. The lyrics he wrote mostly reflected his leisurely life in the early stage, but in the later period, he lamented his life experience and had a sentimental mood. In terms of form, he is good at using line drawing techniques, finding his own way, and using clear and beautiful language. The tone of the lyrics emphasizes the law of association, advocating elegance and character, and puts forward the saying "don't belong to the same family" in lyrics, and opposes writing lyrics in the same way as poetry. Now there is "Li Qingzhao's Collection and Annotations".
Wang Anshi, 1021-1086, was an outstanding statesman and writer. His courtesy name was Jiefu, his alias was Banshan, and he was a native of Linchuan (now Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province). Prime Minister during the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. He innovated laws, reformed old politics, and became known as King Jinggong in the world. His main achievements in literature are in poetry. He has not many lyrics, but his lyrics can "wash away the old habits of the Five Dynasties" and have a clear realm. Today there are "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan" and "Collected Works of Wang Wengong".
Xin Qiji 1104-1207, poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. The courtesy name is You'an and the nickname is Jiaxuan. He is a native of Licheng, Jinan. Geng Jing gathered troops in Shandong, controlled the loyal army and horses, and kept the secretary in charge. In the 32nd year of Shaoxing, he ordered Feng Biao to return to the south. Emperor Gaozong summoned him and granted him the title of Chengwu Lang. Ning Zongchao's tired officials went to eastern Zhejiang to pacify the envoys. He added Longtuge to wait for the system, and entered the Privy Council to accept the decree.
He once lived in Shangrao and Qianshan, Jiangxi Province for more than ten years. His words are passionate, generous and tragic. The writing is strong and the artistic styles are diverse, but the main ones are bold and unrestrained. There is "Jia Xuan Long Short Sentences".
Zhou Bangyan, 1056-1121, was a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Meicheng, and his nickname was Qingzhen Jushi. He was a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). He has been an official of Taixue Zheng, a professor of Luzhou, and a professor of Pianshui County. During the reign of Emperor Huizong, the Huiyou Pavilion was waiting to be established, and the Dasheng Mansion was promoted. He is proficient in music and has created many new lyrics and tunes. Most of the works are about love affairs and travel, and there are also works that sing about objects. The rhythm is rigorous and the language is elegant. Long tunes are especially good at telling narratives. It was followed by later metrical poets. In the old days, he was called the "top poet" in poetry theory. There is "The Collection of Muslim Laymen", which was renamed "The Collection of Katama" by later generations.
Wu Wenying lived from 1212 to 1272, with the courtesy name Junte and the nickname Mengchuang. In his later years, he was also given the name Jueweng. He was a native of Siming (now Zhejiang). He was not an official in his life, but the friends he had in his life were all prominent for a while. He wrote many lyrics and was an important poet. His dictionary is beautiful and well-crafted, with many carvings and harmonious rhythms. Today there is "Mengchuang Ci".
Wang Zhuoyun: If you are a woman in this dynasty, you should be the first to recommend her words. He can compose long and short sentences that are full of twists and turns, light and sharp, and full of gestures; he writes nonsense words in the pavilions and alleys. Since ancient times, there has never been such a careless woman in the house of Jin gentry who can write. (Biji Manzhi)
Shi Dazu 1163～1220? Nian, whose courtesy name was Bangqing and whose name was Meixi, he was from Bian (Henan). When Han Yuzhou was in power, he was the most trusted official and was responsible for writing documents. The history of Han Dynasty was tattooed and died in poverty. Today there is "Meixi Ci". His poetry is devoted to chanting things.
Wang Yisun? ~About 1290, poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. The courtesy name is Shengyu, the nickname is Bishan, and the nickname is Zhongxian. He is from Kuaiji. After the death of the Song Dynasty, he went into seclusion and formed a society to sing in the West Lake. There are "Huawai Ji" and "Bishan Yuefu". Bishan's poems are full of poems about objects, with profound suspense and sadness.
Yan Jidao, about 1040-1112, was a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Shuyuan and his nickname was Xiaoshan. He was from Linchuan (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province). Yan Shu's seventh son. He successively served as the supervisor of Xutian Town of Yingchang Prefecture, the general judge of Qianning Army, and the judge of Kaifeng Prefecture. He was aloof and arrogant, and his family declined in his later years. The poem has a lingering sense of sadness, clearness, strength and frustration. There is "Xiaoshan Ci".
Yan Shu lived from 991 to 1055, named Tongshu, and was born in Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Jiangxi). In the Northern Song Dynasty, Jingdezhong entered the examination as a child prodigy and was granted the same background as a Jinshi. From Qingli Zhongguan to Jixian Hall, he was a bachelor, Tong Zhongshu's Pingzhangshi and Privy Envoy. His poetry is good at Xiaoling, which mostly expresses poetry, wine, life and leisurely nature. His language is graceful and elegant, and he is greatly influenced by Feng Yansi of the Southern Tang Dynasty. The original collection has been lost, and only "Zhuyu Ci" and "Yan Yuanxian's Posthumous Documents" compiled by the Qing Dynasty remain. He also compiled the Lei Yao (Lei Yao), a fragment of which remains today. Later generations called him the "prime minister of poets".
Su Shi, 1037-1101, was a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Zizhan, his nickname was Dongpo Jushi, and he was a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). Jiayou Jinshi, official to the Minister of Rites. Politically, he belongs to the old party and has been repeatedly demoted. His writing was unbridled and unrestrained, and he was one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems are fresh and vigorous, his lyrics belong to the bold and unrestrained style, and his artistic conception is broad. His calligraphy and painting are also unique.
Liu Yong? ~About 1053, poet of the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Qiqing, his original name was Sanbian, and his courtesy name was Jingzhuang. Later he changed his name to Yong, ranking seventh, so he was named Liu Qi. He was from Zong'an (now Fujian). Jingyou was a Jinshi and a foreign official in the field. He is a dissolute man and will be in trouble all his life. When he died, prostitutes donated money for his burial. His poems mostly describe the city scenery and the life of singing girls, and are especially good at expressing the feelings of traveling and traveling. The lyrics are widely circulated, "Anyone who has a well to drink from can sing willow lyrics." There is "Collection of Movements".
Jiang Kui 1155～1121? Nian, courtesy name Yaozhang, from Poyang. Taoist No. Baishi, who lived in Qingyuan Dynasty, once wrote a letter to beg Taichang Yale for justice. He lived in civilian clothes all his life and made a living by selling calligraphy and giving money to friends. He is versatile, proficient in music, able to compose music by himself, and his lyrics have strict rhythm. His works are known for their ethereal and subtle nature. There is "Songs of Taoist Baishi".
Summary of Sikuquanshu: Kui's poetry style is elegant and elegant, which was recommended by Yang Wanli and others. His lyrics are also profound and wonderful, and he is especially good at using new accents.
Qin Guan, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty from 1049 to 1100. His courtesy name is Shaoyou, and his nickname is Taixu. His nickname is Huaihai Jushi. He was a native of Yangzhou Shangyou (now Jiangsu). He has been a doctor of Taixue, secretary and editor of the National History Museum. He holds Yuanyou Party membership. After Shaosheng, he was repeatedly demoted. His literary works were appreciated by Su Shi, and he was one of the "Four Bachelors of the Soviet Union". Gongci poetry, which mostly writes about love between men and women, and sad life experiences, is one of the great euphemistic poets. The style of poetry is similar to the lyrics. There are "Huaihai Collection" and "Huaihai? Scholars' Short Sentences".
He Zhu lived from 1052 to 1125, with the courtesy name Fanghui and the nickname Qinghu Yilao. He was a native of Weizhou (now Huixian County, Henan Province). Grandson of Queen Xiaohui. Yuanyou Zhongtong passed Sizhou and Taipingzhou, and retreated to Wuxia. The themes of his poems are rich, and his style has many changes. He has the advantages of both boldness and elegance, and is good at integrating the predecessors into sentences. Observe rhythm and emphasize rhyme. One volume of "Dongshan Ci" and two volumes of "He Fanghui Ci" are handed down today.
Zhang Xian lived from 990 to 1078, courtesy name Ziye, from Wucheng (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). Jinshi in Renzong Dynasty of Song Dynasty. From the official position to the official doctor of the capital. In his later years, he traveled between Hangzhou and Wuxing and lived a leisurely life. His lyrics are as famous as Liu Yong's, and he is known as "Zhang Sanying". This is the "Anlu Ci", also known as "Zhang Ziye Ci".
Zhang Yan 1248~? In 1988, his courtesy name was Shuxia, his nickname was Yutian, and later his nickname was Lexiaoweng. He was a native of Lin'an (now Hangzhou). The sixth generation grandson of Zhang Jun, the Song Dynasty died and ended in a state of decline. His poems were especially famous for their poems chanting things. At that time, he wrote the famous poem "Qingkong", and his poems include "White Clouds in the Mountain" and the monograph "Etymology" on poems handed down to the world.
Lu You, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty from 1125 to 1210, with the courtesy name Wu Guan and the nickname Fang Weng, was born in Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). A famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty and one of the four great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. The volume of lyrics is not as huge as that of poetry, but it also embodies the spirit of patriotism that devastates the captives. He is the author of one volume of "Fang Weng Ci" and two volumes of "Weinan Ci".
Li Yu (937-978), originally named Congjia, with the courtesy name Chongguang and the nickname Zhongyin, was the sixth son of the Central Lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Xuzhou native. He ascended the throne in Jinling in the second year of Jianlong of the Song Dynasty (961). He reigned for fifteen years and was known as Empress Li in the world. When he succeeded to the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty had already followed Zhengshuo of Song Dynasty and lived in peace in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River. In the seventh year of Kaibao's reign in the Song Dynasty (974), Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty repeatedly sent people to tell him to go north, but he refused to leave. In October of the same year, Song soldiers went south to attack Jinling. In November next year, the city was broken, and the queen's master Rouqi surrendered. He was captured and taken to Bianjing, where he was granted the title of Marquis of Disobedience. Taizong ascended the throne and was granted the title of Duke of Longxi County. In the third year of Taiping and Xingguo's reign (978), Qixi Festival was his 42nd birthday. Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty hated him for saying that "the motherland cannot bear to look back on the bright moon" and ordered people to poison him to death at the banquet. He was posthumously granted the title of King of Wu and buried in Mangshan, Luoyang.
The style of Houzhu's early lyrics is beautiful and soft, and he still has the habit of "flower room". After the fall of the country, during his life of house arrest where he "washed his face with tears day and night", he wept his blood with one swan song after another, making the king of the country the "King of the South" in the world of poetry through the ages (Qing Shenxiong's "Gu Jin Ci Hua"). It is precisely "the country is unlucky and the poet is lucky, and his words reflect the vicissitudes of life and begin to work." These later poems, with their desolate and solemn artistic conception and profound artistic conception, have laid the foundation for Su Xin’s so-called "bold and unconstrained" school, and they have become the great masters in the history of CI. The horizons are widened and the emotion is deep. "As for the clarity of his sentences and the harmony of his phonology, it is unprecedented. The original collection by the later master has been lost. There are forty-six existing poems, among which several early works may have been composed by others, but only thirty-eight poems can be confirmed.
Huang Tingjian (1045-1105), whose courtesy name was Lu Zhi, was also known as Valley Taoist and Fu Weng. A native of Fenning, Hongzhou. Emperor Yingzong of the Song Dynasty was a Jinshi in the fourth year of Zhiping. At the beginning of Shao Sheng's reign, he was demoted as a school clerk and failed to compile the "Records of Shenzong". Later, when the New Party came to power, he was repeatedly demoted and died in Yizhou.
Huang Tingjian is one of the "Four Scholars of the Soviet Union". He is as famous as Su Shi in poetry and is known as "Su Huang". He started a generation of poetry and was the founder of Jiangxi Poetry School. His calligraphy is exquisite, and together with Su, Mi and Cai, he is known as the "Four Calligraphers of the Song Dynasty". Ci is as famous as Qin Guan, but his artistic achievements are not as good as Qin Guan's. In his later years, when he was close to Su Shi, his style of writing was sparse, deeply emotional, bold, elegant, and sometimes sublime. There is "Valley Ci".
Zhu Shuzhen was a female writer in the Song Dynasty. No. Youqi Jushi, a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). His ancestral home is Shezhou (the state governs present-day Shexian County, Anhui Province) and he was alive in the early Southern Song Dynasty. Born into an official family, it is said that he died of depression due to dissatisfaction with his marriage. Able to draw and understand music. The poems are full of resentment and sentimentality. I can also write poetry. There is a collection of poems called "Bangchang Collection" and a collection of poems called "Bangchang Ci".
Li Zhiyi (alive around 1080 AD) was a native of Wudi (now part of Shandong Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty. After passing the Jinshi examination, he worked as an editor (an official who compiled history books).
Wei Chu, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty
Wei Chu (1226-1286), with the courtesy name Taichu and the nickname Qingya, was born in Shunsheng, Hongzhou (now Yangyuan, Hebei). County) people. His grandfather Wei Fan was a Jinshi in the Jin Dynasty, his father was Silian, and he was an official in the Jin Dynasty. In the early years of the Wei Dynasty, he was fond of reading, especially in the Spring and Autumn Annals. In the first year of Zhongtong (1260), he was the secretary of the Zhongshu Provincial Department of History and History. Later, when his grandmother was old, he resigned and retired to teach in seclusion.
In the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1270), he was appointed editor of the Academy of National History, paid homage to the censor, served as deputy envoy to Shaanxi and Hedong, and served as envoy to Yangzhou and Jiangxi. There is a biography in Volume 164 of "History of the Yuan Dynasty"
The Yuan Dynasty poet Wang Xu (lived around 1264 AD), courtesy name Jingchu, was born in Dongping (now Shandong). A poet of the Yuan Dynasty. The dates of birth and death are unknown, but he was alive around the time of the Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. Together with Wang Gou and Wang Panwei, they are famous for their articles and are known as the "Three Kings" in the world. His family was poor, he was a man of mechanics, and he taught all over the world, so he was favored by Selenium Order. It is located in Anyang, Yucheng and Jingchuan. Then he went to Mount Tai and Changsha, and traveled half the world. He is the author of sixteen volumes of "Lanxuan Collection" ("General Catalog of Siku"), and he writes freely and with great spirit.