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Ping Fu Tie is a calligraphy work of Lu Ji in the Western Jin Dynasty. It is the earliest famous calligraphy post handed down from ancient times and the first orderly calligraphy post in history. It has the reputation of "the ancestor of legal posts" and is rated as one of the nine "treasures of the town and the country".
Lu Ji (26 1 ~303) was born in Huating, Wuxian (now Songjiang District, Shanghai). Zu Luxun and Kang are both famous Dongwu players. He was a famous litterateur in the Western Jin Dynasty, who was good at both poetry and prose, and was called "Erlu" with his brother Lu Yun. As representatives, there are other poems and fu works, such as "A Gentleman's Walk" and "On Death".
"Ping Fu Tie" is inked on ivory hemp paper, with 9 lines and 84 words. Written on hemp paper with a bald pen, the ink is slightly green. The brushwork is euphemistic, the style is plain, and its font is cursive. Its content is a letter to a friend, which has the words "I'm afraid it's hard to calm down", hence the name. "Ping Fu Tie" occupies an important position in the history of China calligraphy, and it is also of reference value for studying the changes of characters and calligraphy.
"Ping Fu Tie" was originally collected in the Qing Palace and given to the Prince by Emperor Jiaqing. After several changes of hands, it fell into Britain, and the famous Zhang Boju bought it for 40,000 yuan, thus preserving the cultural relics.
Meiquetu
Shen Zifan's Plum Magpie Map is a masterpiece of embroidery in the Forbidden City, with an axis length of 104cm and a width of 36cm. In ancient China, silk reeling was regarded as the noblest variety in silk weaving technology. The ancients said that "one inch of silk reeling is worth one inch of gold" is a precious work of silk reeling.
Shen Zifan was born in the Southern Song Dynasty (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). Shen Zifan's silk reeling works are mainly calligraphy and painting, with elegant and simple colors, vivid and touching. Hall of mental cultivation's flower-and-bird paintings in the former Qing Palace and Shenzi's flower-and-bird paintings in the Chinese Palace are masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
Silk reeling, also known as "carved silk", is the essence of traditional silk works of art in China. First of all, reeling is noble because it consumes a huge amount of labor, is inextricably linked and has superb skills. "Just like a woman wearing a skirt, it will be completed all year round." Secondly, skills are easy to learn but difficult to master. Although copying calligraphy and painting is not a simple copying ladle, it requires skilled craftsmanship and considerable artistic accomplishment of calligraphy and painting. Many silk calligraphy and paintings have high artistic appreciation value.
Xiang Fang yazun
Fang Zun is rarely handed down from generation to generation, and Xiang Zun is the representative work of bronze wares in the Forbidden City.
Xiangya square bottle, 45.5cm high, 38cm wide, 33.6×33.4cm in diameter, weighing 2 1.5kg, is square and luxurious, with an elephant head at each shoulder corner, like a head of an animal, and eight ridges on the neck, abdomen and feet. The main decorative patterns are animal face patterns and real prose, with thunder patterns as the background color. There are two lines and nine words in the mouth: the Asian (sound-stricken) people (sound parts) respect Yi and the eldest son. The main idea of the inscription: the jewelry that the Asian people sacrificed to your queen and prince.
The appearance of bronzes is one of the important signs of the transition from barbarism to civilization in ancient China. The jar is a string jar for holding wine, which was popular from the early Shang Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In 1970s, several bronzes with inscriptions were unearthed in Subutun, Yidu, Shandong Province. Judging from the excavated tombs, the scale is not small, and many objects with sub-inscriptions indicate that they may represent a large family.
By the river during Tomb-Sweeping Day.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a genre painting in the Northern Song Dynasty. The earliest version was painted by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. The original painting is 528 cm long and 24.8 cm high. It is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down from generation to generation in China. It is an invaluable treasure in the history of Chinese painting, known as "the first wonder of China" and a national treasure.
Zhang Zeduan, born in Langya Wu Dong (now Zhucheng), was a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. His existing works include The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival and The Auction Scene at Jinmingchi (which is still controversial), all of which are ancient artistic treasures of China.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival depicts the bustling scenes and beautiful natural scenery along the Bianliang and Bianhe rivers in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the form of a long scroll, the work uses the composition method of scattered perspective to integrate complicated scenery into a unified and changeable picture scroll. This painting is mainly divided into two parts, one is the countryside and the other is the market. It is a custom picture scroll with important historical value, which provides important historical materials for future generations to understand and study the social life of cities in Song Dynasty.
Qing Yu Yunlong Luwen
Jade Yunlong pattern furnace was produced in the Song Dynasty, with a height of 7.9cm and a caliber of 12.8cm. The furnace is made of jade and is a masterpiece of jade in the Forbidden City.
Jade Yunlong pattern furnace is mainly based on the word "I", decorated with Youlong, Xiangyun and seawater patterns. The bottom of the container is engraved with Gan Long's seven-character poem: "When the temple praises the scriptures, it is engraved as the Four Spirits of the Dragon Flying Hall. Mao Bo, Xing Hou, has a different Zhou system, and Zu Ding's father is like Shang Xing. I am still studying Sang Hai, but unfortunately, my salary has changed with the rustic sheep fat, and only the clouds have vanished. " At the end of the department "Qianlong hundred days of Qiu Meng imperial title".
Gan Qing Jinlong Qian Bao Jin 'ou Gu Yong North
Gan Qing Jinlong Qian Bao Jinou Gu Yong Cup is a golden object in the Forbidden City. It is a rare special drinking device for emperors in the Qing Palace. The Jin 'ou Gu Yong Cup symbolizes the territory and political power of the Qing Dynasty.
Gan Qing Jinlong Jinbao Ou Gu Yong Cup is12.5cm high, 8cm in diameter and 5cm in height, made of 80% gold. The cup mouth is round, and the edge of the cup mouth is engraved with palindromes. The mouth of the cup is cast with seal characters of "Jin Ou Gu Yong" and "Qianlong Year System"; The whole body is carved with flowers wrapped in branches, which are inlaid with dozens of huge pearls, including red, sapphire and pink tourmaline. There are double vertical ears on both sides of the cup, and each faucet is embedded with a pearl; There are three elephant heads at the bottom in the shape of a tripod.
At present, there are four "Golden Ou Gu Yong" cups in the world, namely a gold cup and a gold-plated copper cup collected by Wallace in London, and a gold cup in the Forbidden City on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Jin 'ou Gu Yong Cup with gold inlaid treasure in Beijing Palace Museum was made by Qianlong 1962, which is close to Wallace's gold cup in artistic style and number of inlaid positions. Later, some gems were mismatched or misplaced because of the paste of the display.
According to the records in the Archives of the Office of the Interior Affairs in Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong attached great importance to the making of this kind of cup, not only using precious materials such as gold, pearls and precious stones in the treasury, but also carefully making and modifying it many times until the emperor was satisfied. Therefore, the cup has always been regarded as a precious ancestral magic weapon by the Qing emperor.
Carved lacquer moire board made in Rizo
The Treasure of Lacquerware The carved lacquer moire plate made in Rizo is the representative work of lacquerware in the Forbidden City.
The carved lacquer moire disc made in Rizo is 3.3cm high and 19.2cm in diameter. The disc is made of black lacquer wood and is engraved with moire inside and outside. The paint pile is thick, glittering and translucent, and the carver is round.
Rizo was a master of Qi Diao in Yuan Dynasty, and his works handed down from generation to generation were regarded as treasures in Qi Diao's works, but some Qi Diao utensils entrusted by Rizo were suspected to be fakes. This disc of picking rhinoceros shows that Zhang Cheng is not only a master of picking red, but also a superb rhinoceros. This dish provides a reliable and exquisite example for the study of rhinoceros picking technology in Yuan Dynasty.
Langya red glaze perforated straight bottle
Lang Yaohong, a porcelain treasure, was created and burned by Lang Tingji (1663- 17 15), the governor of Jiangxi Province, when he was in charge of Jingdezhen kiln affairs, so it is the representative work of the Forbidden City ceramics.
Lang Tingji (1663- 17 15) was born in Guangning, Fengtian (now Beizhen, Liaoning) in Qing Dynasty. Lang Yongqing, governor of Hunan, governor of Shandong and governor of Jiangxi, supervised the porcelain-making in the official kiln, which was called Lang Kiln in the world, and the official grain finally went to the governor.
There is a saying in Jingdezhen that "burn Lang Hong if you want to be poor", because it is extremely difficult to burn, and it is difficult for hundreds of kilns to burn together. Kangxi Red Glaze is a kind of red glazed ware that imitates Xuande ruby red under the auspices of Lang Tingji, the kiln director of Jingdezhen at that time. The imitation is very good, so it is called "Lang Yaohong". Langyao red is gorgeous and deep, just like the initial coagulation of cow blood, so it is also called "cow blood red".
The red glaze in Langyao, Kangxi, Qing Dynasty passed through a straight bottle with a height of 20.8cm, a diameter of 6. 1cm and a foot diameter of 9. 1cm. The bottle has a straight mouth, a long neck, a hanging belly and a circle of feet. There is a rectangular perforation on both sides of the outer wall of the foot, which can be penetrated by a rope. Red glaze is applied to the whole body. Due to the vertical flow of enamel at high temperature, the white carcass is exposed at the mouth, and the red glaze at the bottom is condensed and the glaze color is strong. White glaze was applied to the outsole, and the imperial poem was carved: "Dizzy as a red glow after rain, slightly baked to add fire."
Cloisonne twisted branch lotus pattern elephant ear furnace
Cloisonne enamel lotus pattern elephant ear furnace in the Yuan Dynasty is a cultural relic of the Yuan Dynasty and an enamel treasure in the old collection of the Forbidden City. "Cloisonne" has become the common name of cloisonne enamel technology.
Yuan Si twisted enamel lotus pattern elephant ear furnace, made in Yuan Dynasty, has a total height of 13.9cm, a diameter of 16cm and a foot diameter of 13.5cm. The furnace body has a copper tire, which is round and bulging, and looks like a nose ear that has been rolled for the first time. Light blue glaze on furnace neck, 12 yellow, white, red and purple chrysanthemums. The abdomen is covered with sapphire blue glaze and decorated with six twisted lotus flowers in red, white and yellow. Decorate with lotus petals for a week.
The enamel of this device is bright and moist, and some enamel is as transparent as glass. Enamel color is rich and harmonious, rich and elegant. It is a high-grade enamel work in Yuan Dynasty, only its copper gallbladder and elephant ear are matched with each other.
Painted golden pavilion self-opening royal clock.
The treasure of clocks and watches, gold lacquer, and the pavilion-style royal clock for the immortal birthday are masterpieces of clocks and watches in the Forbidden City.
Zhong Zhibao, painted lacquer, gold lacquer, pavilion-type automatic opening royal clock with height of 185cm, width of 102cm and width of 70cm. This clock * * * has seven sets of mechanical systems, which control the walking time, time and moving devices in the scene box respectively, and the technical level is quite high.
/kloc-Before the 7th century, the Chinese Palace was always timed according to the dripping water from a copper pot. Italian missionary Matteo Ricci knocked on the door of the Chinese Palace with two western chimes. According to records, the design of the imperial bell began in Qianlong eight years, which lasted 14 years and took more than five years to complete.