Yan Zhitui
1. Be open-minded and pragmatic: Yan Zhitui advocates an open-minded and pragmatic learning attitude. He opposes arrogance, arrogance and exaggerated style of study.
2． Be knowledgeable and knowledgeable: Yan Zhitui pointed out: "If you don't read all the books in the world, you can't make mistakes."
He believed that only by expanding the scope of acquiring knowledge as much as possible and comparing the knowledge learned , identification, in order to get closer to the objective truth. He advocated not only reading a lot of books, but also getting in touch with world affairs, so as to cultivate one's independent thinking ability. He said, "It is not detrimental to anything if you are knowledgeable and seek it."
3. Diligence and time-saving: Yan Zhitui emphasized that learning requires hard work and diligence. He listed many moving examples in history, showing that even slow people can achieve proficiency and proficiency as long as they study diligently. At the same time, he believes that people should learn throughout their lives and should cherish time. "Early education is absolutely necessary" when young, and youth should not "lose opportunities." In old age, if you "lose your prime years, it is like studying late, and you must not give up." He said that learning in early years is "like the light of the rising sun" and has a bright future; while "being a scholar in old age" is like "walking at night holding a candle", but it is much better than "closing your eyes and not seeing anything".
4． Mutual learning: Yan Zhitui appreciated the saying in "Book of Documents" that "A good question leads to prosperity" and "Studying alone without friends will lead to ignorance and ignorance" in "Xue Ji", and advocated mutual learning between teachers and friends to enlighten each other. , believes that only by being easy to ask for advice and exchange ideas in learning can we quickly improve our knowledge and avoid mistakes.
Zheng Xie
Influenced by the Confucian thought of "cultivating oneself, harmonizing one's family, governing the country, and bringing peace to the world", he requires himself to "first understand the principles and be a good person". When serving as an official, he must "contribute to the world and the world." The word "nurturing people". In terms of literary creation, he also advocated that "the principles must be attributed to the sages, and the literature must be adapted to daily use" and "the articles should be written as masters, not as slaves". Many of his poems describe the lives of poor people and expose the cruelty and greed of the rich and their subordinates. In terms of painting and calligraphy, he deeply felt that it was a shameful "common thing" to "use mere pen and ink for people to enjoy", and proposed: "Every time I paint orchids, bamboos, and rocks, I use them to comfort the hardworking people in the world. To provide the world with peace and enjoyment.”
When creating, I try my best to make my works have ethical and moral educational significance. When dealing with tradition and the methods established by our predecessors, we advocate "learning half of it and applying half of it" and "learning from what is intended is not reflected in the signs." That is to say, "Don't adhere to ancient methods, don't stick to your own opinions, just live." Pay attention to your own creativity and "don't want to be looked down upon by others." He attaches great importance to direct observation of nature and uses real feelings to germinate his painting ideas. He once said: "Whenever I paint bamboo, I have no teacher. I mostly get it from paper windows, pink walls, sunlight, moonlight and shadows." He advocated the creative method of "having no idea", pointed out the connection and difference between "bamboo in the eye", "bamboo in the heart" and "bamboo in the hand", and described in detail the creative process and insights from observation and feeling, conception and brewing to finalizing the pen. Unique and unprecedented.
Many of his creative feelings and experiences can be seen in his inscriptions, postscripts and poems, such as "The redundant and complicated are cut away, leaving the thin, and the painting is still alive, but it is ripe", etc., which are all very valuable aesthetic viewpoints. .
Liu Kai
. In addition to teaching, he devoted himself to prose creation and literary theory research, advocating "using the spirit of the Han people to adapt the eight schools of thought, based on the Six Classics, and taking into account the Zhouzizi", "and then transform it and use it in A family story." ("The Essay with Ruan Yuntai Gongbao") He also pointed out: "The foundation of husband's writing comes from Tao. If the Tao is not clear, the words will have nothing to say; the success of writing depends on the words. If the words are not good, the words will not go far." ( "