The second place Mogao Grottoes Mogao Grottoes, also known as "Thousand Buddha Cave", is located at the foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang County, named after its location in Mogao Grottoes. It is the largest and most famous Buddhist art grottoes in China. It is distributed in three or four layers on the cliff of Mingsha Mountain, with a total length of 1.6 km. There are 492 existing grottoes, with a total area of 45,000 square meters of murals and more than 265,438 colored sculptures. Grottoes vary in size, statues vary in height, the big ones are magnificent, the small ones are exquisite, the accomplishments are deep and the imagination is amazing. Murals are mostly Buddhist stories, such as Sakyamuni's life story, previous life sacrifice and so on. There are portraits of Buddha, Bodhisattva, Heavenly King, Lux and Hanazono Sakura Buddha, as well as people with feathers, flying people, flowers and birds, animals and so on. Although the murals have been eroded by wind and sand for thousands of years, they are still bright in color and clear in lines, which makes people have to admire the exquisite art and creative spirit of ancient artists. "Escape", big also, "Ming", sheng also. Because this place plays a very important role in developing the vast western regions, it has been named "Dunhuang" since the Han Dynasty. Because the grottoes developed on the cliffs high in the desert, they were named "Mogao Grottoes". In ancient Chinese, "Mo" and "Mo" were common, later called "Mogao Grottoes". Dunhuang is located at the westernmost end of Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province. It is called "Guazhou" because it is rich in beautiful melons in the Spring and Autumn Period. There was Mingsha Mountain in the south of the Tang Dynasty, also known as "sandbar". Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, there have been frequent business trips on the Silk Road, and Dunhuang has become the main road leading to the Western Regions and Chang 'an. Because it is located in the throat of the Silk Road, it can be described as an important town. At that time, villages and docks were one after another, and chickens and dogs heard about each other. Historically known as "Huarong Road". Buddhism and its art spread eastward with the western regions as the first stop, so pagodas are everywhere and the market is prosperous. According to the literature, the Lantern Festival is second only to Chang 'an, and its prosperity can be seen in general. Poplar and Xinjiang poplar, like feather blankets, are the most obvious plant landscapes in Dunhuang.
The third Longmen Grottoes was called Yi Que in ancient times. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was generally called Longmen. It is still in use today, located at12.5km south of Luoyang. Green hills here, east and west facing each other, and Wang Yang flowing from central to north, are one of the three major Buddhist art treasures in China. The statues of Longmen Grottoes are densely distributed on both sides of Yishui and east-west cliffs. Longmen Grottoes were built around the time when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang (494). After more than 500 years of large-scale construction in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, large and small caves and niches were densely distributed on the cliffs on both sides of Yishui, with a length of 1 km from north to south. As far as its construction history is concerned, there are two largest cave statues. The first one is Xiaowen, Xuanwu and Xiaoming in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which lasted about 35 years. Emperor Taizong, Emperor Gaozong, Wu Zetian and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty were the second generation emperors, with a total of 1 10 years. These two times were the climax of the grottoes, which lasted 150 years. According to the statistics of Longmen Wu Wen Custody 1962, there are more than 2 100 caves and statues in the two mountains, with the largest statue as high as 17 m and the smallest only 2 cm. There are about 3600 inscriptions and stone tablets and more than 40 pagodas. One-third of the statues in the Northern Wei Dynasty were in Xishan, and its representative caves were Guyang Cave, Binyang Cave, Lianhua Cave, Cave Temple and Weizi Cave. Statues in the Tang Dynasty accounted for almost two thirds, most of which were in the Western Hills. When Wu Zetian moved the capital to Dongshan, the most representative caves were Qianxi Temple, Fengxian Temple, Wanfo Cave and Kanjing Temple. Longmen Grottoes occupy a very important position in the history of sculpture art, and huge statues are typical of oriental sculptures. Especially flying in grottoes, or flying freely in flowing clouds, or flying in the air with holy fruit in hand, or playing music and singing, or spreading flowers and rain, is light and elegant, which is amazing. Among the inscriptions on Longmen Grottoes, Twenty Longmen Poems and Buddhist Inscriptions inscribed by Zhu Suiliang, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, are treasures of calligraphy art in China. In 196 1 year, the State Council was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Longmen Mountain has been a tourist attraction since ancient times. There are thousands of poems about Longmen scenery written by literati in past dynasties, and many famous poets such as Li Bai, Bai Juyi and Ouyang Xiu have poems. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said, "Luoyang is the best in four rivers and mountains." "Longmen Mountain Bao" has always been known as the first of the eight scenic spots in Luoyang. Today, Longmen is full of mountains and cypresses. Flowing springs and waterfalls are a wonder. 1962, the magnificent Longmen Bridge was completed and opened to traffic, flying near the Iraqi water god, just like a rainbow lying on the waves, making the Longmen landscape more beautiful and decorated with mountains and rivers. Longmen has won praise from Chinese and foreign people for its beautiful scenery and numerous historical relics, attracting many Chinese and foreign tourists to visit.