First, I was born in an official family.
Meng Tian was born into a noble family and a military commander's family. Although his ancestors came from Qi State, his grandfather Meng Ao and his father Wu Meng were both senior officials and generals of Qin State, and made great contributions to the unification of the six countries. At that time, few families in Qin could match the achievements of Montessori family. It is this distinguished family background and family of military commanders that laid a solid foundation for the development of Meng Tian.
As early as the Qin Dynasty, Meng Tian's grandfather served as an official in Shang Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, and went abroad to worship as a general for many times. In 248 BC, he attacked Korea, occupied Gaoping, Xingyang and other places, and set Sanchuan County. In 244 BC, he attacked South Korea again, this time occupying South Korea 13 cities. In 247 BC, he attacked Zhao, the ancestor of Qin State, and occupied Taiyuan. In 246 BC, after the defeat of Jinyang, the former State of Zhao, it attacked Zhao Xincheng and other places, captured 37 cities and set up Taiyuan County. When attacking Wei in 246 BC, the combined forces of Wei, Han, Zhao, Chu and Wei led by Xin were defeated. But in 242 BC, Meng Ao took advantage of the death of Xinlingjun to attack Wei, occupied Changping and other places, and captured 20 cities by one * * *, which was regarded as revenge for the last defeat.
Meng Tian's father, Wu Meng, is not as meritorious as his grandfather Meng Ao, but he is also relatively high. For example, in the 22nd year of Qin Dynasty, he led an army to attack Qi State and occupied nine cities of Qi State. In 223 BC, Wu Meng and general Wang Jian attacked Chu together. As a result, the king of Chu was captured alive, and the State of Chu perished, while Xiang Yan, the general of Chu who led the army to attack Qin Jun, was killed. Xiang Yan was later Xiang Liang's father, Xiang Yu's uncle and the overlord of Chu.
Second, Meng Tian's meritorious service
Sima Qian's historical records are biographies of Meng Tian, not his grandfather Meng Ao and his father Wu Meng. But to some extent, Meng Tian's meritorious service should be inferior to that of his grandfather Meng Ao and his father Wu Meng, especially in the war to unify the six countries.
As soon as Meng Tian stepped onto the historical stage, he failed to make great achievements, but failed miserably. In 225 BC, Qin Shihuang did not listen to the advice of General Wang Jian, and sent Li Xin and Meng Huo to lead 200,000 troops to attack Chu. As a result, Xiang Yan fought back and completely destroyed Chu. Meng Tian saw Li Xin's defeat in this war and retreated decisively and quickly, thus reducing Qin Jun's losses. However, it can be seen from another aspect that Meng Tian is good at fighting. Of course, his father Wu Meng got revenge.
Meng Tian officially entered people's field of vision. It was in 22 1 BC that Qin Shihuang, considering Meng Tian's family background, sent him and Wang Ben, the son of general Wang Jian, to attack Qi. As a result, Wang Jian was captured alive and Qi State was destroyed. Meng Tian benefited from the meritorious military service for the second time and was worshipped as a civil servant by Qin Shihuang.
After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the northern region was threatened by the Xiongnu minority, which provided an opportunity for Meng Tian to stay in history forever. But interestingly, Qin Shihuang sent Meng Tian to attack the Huns. The direct reason is not that the Huns invaded the Qin Dynasty, but that in 2 15 BC, Hu Ye died in Qin Dynasty in a book presented to Qin Shihuang. Perhaps Qin Shihuang was too superstitious and lacked confidence in himself and his rule. Angry and afraid, Meng Tian led 300,000 troops north to attack the Huns. Meng Tian lived up to the great trust of Qin Shihuang, successfully recovered the area south of the Yellow River and defeated the Huns. So Meng Tian defended the border against the Huns for more than ten years. In order to defend the Central Plains from the Huns, Meng Tian took many self-defense measures. First, take the natural barrier of the Yellow River as the fortress barrier, build 44 cities along the Yellow River, and station troops for defense. Secondly, as we all know, Meng Tian spent a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources to build the famous Great Wall of Wan Li, which starts from Liaodong in the east and ends in Lintao in the west. Although this huge project prevented the Huns from going south, it was also one of the factors that caused the peasant uprising in Qin Dynasty, which Qin Shihuang and Meng Tian did not expect. In order to facilitate Qin Shihuang's travel, Meng Tian was ordered to build a Damaben Highway from Xianyang to Jiuyuan, with a total length of 1000, which is equivalent to today's expressway. On the one hand, it is beneficial for the Qin Dynasty to send more troops to the north and consolidate its rule in the north. In fact, it is also one of the measures to defend the Huns. On the other hand, it objectively promoted economic and cultural exchanges with the northern region. Meng Tian's immortal achievement in fighting against the Huns was also the result of Han chauvinism to some extent.
It has also made great contributions to the inheritance of China culture in Meng Tian. It is said that the brush we use to write calligraphy today was created by Meng Tian with rabbit hair and bamboo tubes. Of course, this is just a legend, but it should be more likely.
Third, it was deeply trusted by Qin Shihuang.
Qin Shihuang was an emperor who would rather die than surrender. So what is the relationship between Qin Shihuang and Meng Tian? It should be said that Meng Tian was a special case, and Meng Tian was deeply trusted by Qin Shihuang. The following evidence can prove it.
First of all, Qin Shihuang asked Meng Tian to take 300,000 troops to Shang Jun to fight the Huns for more than ten years, and Meng Tian's younger brother Meng Yi was closely related to Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang said, "As the highest official, you can go out to participate or go in to direct." One of the two brothers has 300 thousand troops stationed in the same place for more than ten years, and the other is a staff officer in North Korea. If it is not deeply trusted by Qin Shihuang, it is hard to imagine, because the situation of "letting the sky be diplomatic and the internal intrigue of Yichang" can easily lead to rebellion. Secondly, in 2 12 BC, Qin Shihuang murdered more than 460 Confucian scholars in Xianyang. Fu Su, the son of Qin Shihuang, rebelled and repeatedly remonstrated with Qin Shihuang, which angered Qin Shihuang. The angry Qin Shihuang punished Fu Su, the future heir to the throne, and sent him to Shang Jun to be the supervisor of Montaigne. Some people think that this is Qin Shihuang's distrust of Meng Tian. I think this is Qin Shihuang's trust in Meng Tian. Let Qin Shihuang Fu Su supervise Meng Tian, not let Fu Su supervise Meng Tian, but actually let Meng Tian cultivate Fu Su, exercise Fu Su, let Fu Su make contributions, increase political capital, and eliminate the negative influence of Qin Shihuang's unfavorable ruling speech, so as to better inherit the throne.
Finally, during Qin Shihuang's serious illness, "let Zhao Gao write a letter to his son Fu Su, saying that' the soldiers will return to Meng Tian and be buried with Xianyang'." "This is actually Qin Shihuang's request to entrust orphans to Meng Tian to help Fuxi govern the country, which fully demonstrates Qin Shihuang's trust in Meng Tian.
Why did Qin Shihuang trust Meng Tian so much? I think there are four reasons: first, two generals of the Montessori family, Meng Ao and Wu Meng, are very loyal; Second, although Meng Tian spoke highly of me.
First of all, we can see from the remarks of his opponents Zhao Gao and Li Si. When Zhao Gao wooed Reese to help Hu Hai seize power, he told Reese that his talent, contribution, foresight, public opinion support rate and trust by Fu Su were not as good as Meng Huo, which was also recognized by Reese himself.
Secondly, when Hu Hai seized power and executed Fu Su and Meng Tian in the name of Qin Shihuang, we can see from their reaction to the imperial edict. Fu Su cried to commit suicide when he received the execution order, but Meng Tian discouraged Fu Su from committing suicide, doubted the authenticity of the execution order, and proposed to re-verify the authenticity before committing suicide. But Fu Su did not listen to discourage suicide, and Meng Tian refused to commit suicide. If Meng Tian had no wisdom, he would never have thought that the imperial edict was false. Meng Tian's suspicion is not a wild guess, but a judgment based on facts. He believes that "your majesty lives away from home and has no monarch. His envoys want to keep 300,000 people at the border, and his son is a prison. This is a heavy responsibility in the world. " In fact, Meng Tian knew Qin Shihuang's idea for a long time and wanted Fuxi to inherit the throne.
So is Meng Tian born with wisdom and foresight? Obviously not. Like most people, Meng Tian's wisdom and foresight were acquired. Because of the superior family environment, Meng Tian received a good education from an early age, and Meng Tian studied well. First, Meng Tian once "studied literature in prison"; Secondly, the dialogue between Montaigne and Hu Hai's emissary was very good, and many classics were quoted. All these are enough to prove that Meng Tian is a very talented person.
Such a wise loyal minister also has a sad and regretful side. Like Fu Su, he failed to oppose the tyranny of Qin Shihuang and sympathize with the sufferings of the people.
Verb (short for verb) tragic ending
The ending of Mongolian ancients in Meng Tian is quite tragic. After Hu Hai seized power, he killed Monk, and Meng Tian was forced to commit suicide by taking poison. When his family was killed, he became the funerary object and victim of Hu Hai's seizure of power. Why did such a man with great wisdom and heavy army have such a tragic ending?
First of all, Meng Tian's tragic ending is the result of Zhao Gao's revenge. Zhao Gao, the eunuch who helped Hu Hai come to power, was once sentenced to death by Meng _ and almost beheaded by Meng _. This incident has always made Zhao Gao bear a grudge and want to get back at him. First, one of the reasons why Zhao Gao seized power together with Li Si and Hu Hai is that Zhao Gao "blames Meng _ the rule of law but not himself." Secondly, Zhao Gao's remarks about lobbying Reese to help Hu Hai seize power are to compare Reese with Meng Huo, saying that Reese is not as good as Meng Huo. Thirdly, after Fu Su committed suicide, Hu Hai intended to release Meng Tian who was imprisoned in Zhou Yang, but Zhao Gao strongly opposed it. Zhao Gao is "destroying Montessori day and night, asking for its sin and taking it away."
Secondly, Meng Tian's death was the result of Hu Hai's consolidation of the throne. Although Meng Tian was loyal to the three generations of Daqin, he would not rebel against Qin. But Hu Hai II conspired to seize power and succeed to the throne. He seized the throne of Fu Su, who was closely related to Montaigne, murdered Fu Su, imprisoned Montaigne in Zhou Yang and killed him. Hu Hai was afraid that Meng Tian was alive. If Meng Tian is released and Meng Tian, who is popular with the people, leads his 300,000 troops to avenge Fu Su, it will seriously threaten the rule of Hu Hai. From this perspective, the tragedy of Montaigne is the inevitable result of feudal rule. Because no emperor will let a fully armed and contradictory general live. Meng Tian can only sigh, "What crime did I commit in heaven and died without doing anything?" A generation of border guards took medicine and went west like this.
Montaigne's tragedy is not unique to Montaigne, but keeps repeating itself in the long river of history. Because in the feudal dynasty, autocratic rule was ruthless, and in their eyes there was only power and desire. In order to realize their rights and desires, at all costs, the life of any loyal minister and good soldier is irrelevant. The tragedy of Montaigne is not a personal tragedy of Montaigne, but a historical tragedy and a tragedy of an era. After all, it was an era of "I have to die if you want to die".