History of Chinese Wine Culture
China is an ancient civilization with outstanding achievements in the world. China is the hometown of wine. Throughout the five thousand years of Chinese history, wine and wine culture have always occupied a dominant position. important status, wine is a special food, which is material, but wine is also integrated into people's spiritual life.
As a special cultural form, wine culture has its unique status in traditional Chinese culture. In the history of civilization for thousands of years, wine has penetrated into almost every field of social life.
First of all, China is an agricultural country, so all political and economic activities are based on agricultural development. The vast majority of Chinese wine is brewed from grain, and wine is closely attached to agriculture and has become a part of the agricultural economy.
The abundance of grain production is a barometer of the rise and fall of the wine industry. According to the harvest situation, rulers of each dynasty regulate wine production by issuing wine bans or lifting bans, thereby ensuring people's food. China is the kingdom of wine.
Wine comes in various forms and colors; the variety and production are among the best in the world. China is also a paradise for drinkers. There is no distinction between north and south, people are regardless of gender, old or young, and ethnic groups are Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, and Tibetan. The trend of drinking wine has lasted for thousands of years.
China is the most prosperous place of wine culture. The meaning of drinking is far more than physiological consumption, far more than oral pleasure; on many occasions, it is used as a cultural symbol and a kind of cultural consumption. To express a kind of etiquette, an atmosphere, a taste, and a state of mind; wine and poetry have always been inseparable. Not only that, China's many famous wines not only give people the enjoyment of beauty, but also provide inspiration and inspiration of beauty; the development of each famous wine embraces the exploration, struggle and heroic sacrifice of workers from generation to generation. Therefore, the spirit of famous wines and National pride is closely connected with fearlessness.
This is the drinking soul of the Chinese nation! It is even comparable to the "Bacchus" advertised in Europe. It seems that with famous wines, Chinese catering can be sublimated into a food culture that boasts the world.
Wine, as an objective substance in the world, is a changing spirit. It is as hot as fire and as cold as ice; it is lingering as a dream, vicious as the devil, soft as brocade and sharp as Steel knife; it is omnipresent, infinitely powerful, it is admirable and weeping, and should be killed; it can make people transcendent, broad-minded, talented, and capricious; it can make people forget the pain, sorrow and troubles of the world and enter the time and space of absolute freedom Soar to your heart's content; it can also make people act unscrupulously, sink bravely to the bottom of the abyss, make people lose their masks, reveal their true colors, and speak the truth. Wine, in the long history of human culture, is not just an objective material existence, but a cultural symbol, a symbol of the Dionysian spirit.
In China, the Dionysian spirit is derived from Taoist philosophy. Zhuang Zhou advocated the unity of things and myself, the unity of heaven and man, and the unity of life and death.
Zhuang Zhou sang the song of absolute freedom and advocated "traveling on things", "traveling beyond the four seas", and "the land of nothing". Zhuangzi would rather be a free tortoise wagging its tail in a muddy pond than a strutting horse that is bound by others.
The pursuit of absolute freedom and the forgetfulness of life and death, as well as honor and disgrace, are the essence of the Chinese Dionysian spirit. There are striking similarities in the cultural phenomena of the world. The Western Dionysian spirit is symbolized by Dionysus, the god of grape growing and winemaking. In ancient Greek tragedies, the Western Dionysian spirit has risen to a theoretical level. German philosopher Nietzsche's philosophy sublimates this Dionysian spirit. Nietzsche believes that the Dionysian spirit represents the venting of emotions and is the survival experience of abandoning the traditional shackles and returning to the original state. Human beings are in the desperate and painful wail of disappearing individuals and becoming one with the world. Get the great pleasure of life.
In the kingdom of literature and art, the Dionysian spirit is everywhere, and it has had a huge and far-reaching impact on literary artists and their masterpieces. Because freedom, art and beauty are a trinity. Art comes from freedom, and beauty comes from art.
Obtaining a state of artistic freedom due to drunkenness is an important way for ancient Chinese artists to get rid of their constraints and obtain artistic creativity. Liu Ling, a famous scholar in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the first "drunkard" who "has a broad-minded ambition and regards the universe as a narrow place" said in "Ode to the Virtue of Wine": "There is a gentleman who regards the heaven and the earth as a dynasty, ten thousand periods as a moment, and the sun and the moon as a dynasty. The eight wastelands are the courtyard thoroughfare.
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“Watch the sky and cover the ground, do whatever you want. "I'm drunk suddenly, I wake up suddenly, I can't hear the sound of thunder, I can't see the shape of mountains."
I don’t feel the cold and heat cutting my muscles, the feelings of lust. Looking down at all things, they are like duckweeds in Jianghan. "
This "perfect human" state is a typical embodiment of the Chinese spirit of Dionysus. "Li Bai wrote a hundred poems about drinking wine. He went to a restaurant in Chang'an to sleep, but the emperor couldn't get on the boat when he called him. He claimed that he was a wine immortal. . "
(Du Fu's "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking") "I am a guest while drunk, and my poems become spiritual. "(Du Fu's "Poems Made by Drinking Alone") "Everyone has his or her own ambitions, and poems can be composed by drinking wine alone." "
(Su Shi's "Drinking with Tao Yuanming") "The poem has been completed before the cup is finished, and the poems are pouring out to the sky and I am shocked. " (Yang Wanli's "Going to Wanhuachuan Valley and Passing Wine under the Moon in February after Chongjiu").
Zhang Yuannian, a political poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "After the rain, the flying flowers know the bottom, and you can win freedom when you are drunk." "Drunken poems are handed down from generation to generation. Such examples are everywhere in the history of Chinese poetry.
This is not only true for poems, but also in paintings and artistic calligraphy unique to Chinese culture. The spirit of Dionysus is even more lively. Wanduan. Among the painters, Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy and paintings could not be obtained easily, so the seeker treated him with dog meat and fine wine. When Zheng Banqiao was drunk, the seeker got his wish.
Zheng Banqiao also knew the trick of the seeker, but He couldn't resist the temptation of wine and dog meat, so he had to write a poem to laugh at himself: "Looking at the moon might as well be done by all the people, but I only regret that the wine is too late to see the moon. He laughs at him for begging for scholars, and for asking his husband to be drunk. "
Wu Daozi, the painting sage who "Wu Dai is in the style", must drink heavily before painting. After being drunk, he paints and paints immediately. Huang Gongwang among the "Four Schools of Yuan Dynasty" is also " If you are not drunk, you cannot draw."
The "Sage of Calligraphy" Wang Xizhi wrote the "Lanting Preface" when he was drunk. Ten books, but in the end I can't match them." Li Bai wrote about the drunken monk Huai Su: "After my master got drunk, he leaned on the Hu bed and swept away thousands of them in a moment.
The rain is falling and the snow is falling. "Huaisu was drunk and splashed ink, so he left his "Autobiography" in which the gods and ghosts were shocked.
The grass sage Zhang Xu "every time he was drunk, shouted and ran away, he started writing", so he had his "squandering" "paper is like clouds of smoke" in "Four Ancient Poems". Chinese wine culture has a history of several thousand years
It has a history of more than three thousand years.
The historical origin of Chinese wine making It dates back to the Shang and Zhou dynasties and has a history of more than 3,000 years.
Zhu Yizhong's "Jiu Jing" states that in the early years of the Xia Dynasty, an official named Yi Di used mulberry. The rice made from leaves was made into wine and presented to Dayu. After the meal, Dayu felt the taste was sweet and said with emotion: "Some future generations will surely perish because of drinking." Therefore, an order was issued to ban wine making, but the method of making wine was still secretly circulated in the palace. According to "Shuowen Jiezi", "In ancient times, Shaokang first made broomsticks and wine, Shaokang, and Du Kang." ”
Since ancient times, literati have loved drinking, and they have given many elegant names to wine, such as "Golden Liquid", "Wan Ye", "Qiong Su", etc. Some of them have been directly incorporated into poems. . Wine has become an important part of the literati's life art. "Li Bai's Hundred Poems on Wine", wine has become a part of the literati culture here.
In the daily life of the Chinese people, wine is not a part of the life. It is not regarded as a simple drink, but a "lubricant" for interpersonal relationships and a "emboldening agent" for personal character. It plays a role in regulating interpersonal relationships, cultivating and stimulating people's character.
China. There is a saying that "no party is complete without wine". Wine is omnipresent in our social life. From ancient times to the present, Chinese people have always believed in friendship. When meeting friends, whether it is a reunion after a long separation or an invitation, they must drink wine to express love and drink.
The Chinese call the wedding banquet "wedding wine", the full moon celebration after the birth of a child is called "full moon wine", the Double Ninth Festival is celebrated with "Chongyang Wine", and the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated with "Calamus Wine". To celebrate a victory, one needs to drink "celebration wine", to celebrate a victory, to drink "celebration wine", to make friends, to drink "celebration wine", in addition to worshiping gods, worshiping ancestors, opening a business, etc., drinking wine has become a bridge and link between Chinese people and plays an important role in daily life.
Extended information:
Chinese wine types and wine culture
Around the 19th century BC, it is said that the king of the Xia Dynasty at that time. Shaokang invented the brewing process.
As a result, wine, a drink full of poetry, legend, heroic spirit, and tragedy at the border, began to accompany all Chinese people. Perhaps everyone has overlooked another of Shaokang's achievements: leading the Chinese people to defeat the brutal Hanzhuo and realizing the revival of the Xia Dynasty.
In fact, according to archaeological findings, the emergence of wine as a drink in ancient China preceded the Xia Dynasty where Shaokang lived. In addition to Shaokang's wine making, there are also sayings in ancient China such as "Ape Wine Making", "Yidi Wine Making" and "Jiuxing Wine Making", which fully illustrates that Chinese wine culture has a long history.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the prosperity of poetry in the Tang Dynasty promoted the wine culture, and a brilliant "wine chapter culture" emerged. Wine and poetry, wine and music, wine and calligraphy, wine and art, wine and Painting, etc., blended in and flourished. The Tang Dynasty was a highly developed period of Chinese wine culture. The wine culture of the Tang Dynasty was profound, colorful and brilliant.
"Wine stimulates poetry" is the most condensed and highest expression of Tang Dynasty culture. Wine stimulates poets' poetry, which is internalized in their poems. Wine also rises from the material level to the spiritual level. , wine culture is fully brewed in Tang poetry, and the taste is long-lasting. In the Tang Dynasty, the number of wine shops increased day by day, wine order wars became popular, and wine culture was integrated into the daily life of the Chinese people.
At this time, ceramic wine vessels gradually replaced bronze wine vessels and became the most widely used drinking vessel in daily life. In addition, people in the Tang Dynasty began to use tables for drinking instead of "sitting on beds".
The wine culture of the Song Dynasty is the continuation and development of the wine culture of the Tang Dynasty. It is richer than the wine culture of the Tang Dynasty and closer to our current wine culture. The wine industry was prosperous and hotels were everywhere. Hotels in the Song Dynasty emphasized the cultural personality of famous brands.
In the Jin Dynasty, the northern peoples were known for drinking heavily and had a strong wine culture. The Jin Dynasty had a pot wine culture. In the Yuan Dynasty, soju (Alaki wine) appeared. In addition, the distillation method was invented in the Song Dynasty, and since then liquor has become the main alcoholic beverage consumed by Chinese people.
The porcelain industry in the Song Dynasty was unprecedentedly prosperous, and a large number of porcelains with warm, gorgeous and jade-like colors became wine vessels.
Sogou Encyclopedia - Wine
Sogou Encyclopedia - Wine Culture Does anyone know the history of Luzhou Laojiao wine culture?
Is Luzhou Laojiao wine tasting good? The fine wine recognized by consumers is very popular in the market. Whether you are giving it as a gift or drinking it yourself, choosing Luzhou Laojiao for wine tasting is a good choice! Home-brewed by du, it has a pure taste, fragrant aroma, and is loved by the tongue. Luzhou Laojiao Collection is the second most famous wine in the world. It has unique brewing advantages and makes drinkers intoxicated with every cup. It has won rave reviews in the consumer market since its launch.
Luzhou Laojiao Wine Tasting In the process of making wine, there are many requirements for the cellar that holds the wine. Is Luzhou Laojiao wine tasting good? Use 1573 national cellars.
Containing more than 600 kinds of beneficial microorganisms, it has been used continuously for more than 400 years. Luzhou Laojiao wine tasting makes the pit mud full of vital microorganisms, which produce a strong aroma and smell in line with the wine produced by fermentation in the brewing tank. , the wine is pure and fragrant. How long is the history of Guojiao Cellar Pool?
The name of a wine often contains something about the wine itself: the brewing process, raw materials, origin, water quality, etc. There are no famous Chinese wines named with numbers such as "Guojiao 1573". Luzhou Laojiao is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is the only one in the Chinese wine industry and is known as the "National Cellar". The cellar was first built in 1573 AD. The image product of Luzhou Laojiao is "Guojiao? 1573". Named after this.
As we all know, solid-state fermentation winemaking is an initiative of the Chinese nation and plays an important role in the world's winemaking industry. Its notable feature is that it is fermented in a mud cellar and naturally produces aroma. Moreover, the older the cellar is, the better the quality of the wine will be. There is a saying that "older cellars are especially fragrant". Cultural relics unearthed from Luzhou, Sichuan show that the Luzhou wine industry began in the Qin and Han Dynasties, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Luzhou Laojiao cellar with documented history and records was built by the Shu family in 1573 AD. At that time, the workshop The name is "Shujuyuan". After more than 400 years of continuous fermentation and winemaking, Luzhou Laojiao's cellar is no longer a simple mud pool wine cellar, but a fermentation container, microbial life carrier and cradle. Its special Microbial life phenomena have extraordinary value and far-reaching influence in brewing technology, life sciences, and in economic and cultural aspects.
In 1996, the State Council listed the Luzhou Laojiao cellar as a national key cultural relic protection unit, making the wine cellar with the oldest history, the best preservation, and the longest continuous use of the Chinese nation on display. Showing its ancient charm and dazzling style, it has become a great witness of Chinese civilization! And it is recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records as a miracle in the history of world brewing.
"Guojiao 1573" is carefully brewed by Guojiaochi. Therefore, from the day of its birth, the product itself contains the history and culture of Chinese liquor and has become a carrier of emotion and science. It uses the number "1573" as the name of China's oldest cellar, forever engraved in the hearts of consumers, allowing every Chinese son and daughter to appreciate the 430-year history of Luzhou Laojiao while slowly tasting fine wine.
Reference materials: ://lzlj/catalog/catalog.aspx?catalogID=44 History and culture of Chinese famous wines
China’s top ten famous wines
1. Maotai ( The national wine, so it ranks first.)
2. Wuliangye (needless to mention this, right?)
3. Du Kang (How to relieve worries? Only Du Kang. Thanks to Cao Cao.) < /p>
4. Fenjiu (I asked where the restaurant is, the shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. Everyone knows his family, he must be a famous person. We will not discuss the ownership of Xinghua Village here for now
Question.)
5. Xifeng Wine (mysterious and noble. Because of its mystery, it is higher than the following)
6. Dong Wine (long history)
7. Jiannanchun (I always feel that it is a kind of wine suitable for drinking when you are very relaxed)
8. Luzhou Laojiao (a more popular famous wine)
9. Gujing Gong ( Because a certain emperor likes it, I got some glory. Maybe many people have different tastes from that old boy
But reputation is not to be underestimated.)
10. Bamboo leaves are green. (From ancient times to the present, it is suitable for all ages, with random shades. It is a relatively subtle one. But personally, I always think it is hidden in the shadow of Fenjiu) Who knows the true history of Lafite Wine Cellar
1987 Chateau Lafite builds new wine cellar.
This underground circular wine cellar, supervised by Catalan-Romanian architect Richard Baufer, has a dome supported by 16 pillars, making the entire building look like an open sky. It is unique Magnificent and beautiful, the cellar can accommodate 2,200 oak barrels. The construction took 2 years. It contains both Roman-era architecture and the luxury and wealth of the Louis period. Each hall has the distinct color of its own era and nobility.
The wine cellar was completed in 1989 and was officially named "Lafite Wine Cellar" by the Rothschild family. The top wine cellar that is admired all over the world stands majestically in Bule Village. Every year, there is an endless stream of tourists coming here for wine tasting and sightseeing. From time to time, aristocratic concerts are held in the atrium. Twenty years of carving has naturally formed the world's number one wine cellar. brand.
Today, the Rothschild family's "Lafite Wine Cellar" has officially settled in Guangzhou, and Yaying Company has the honor of being the sole user of it in China. Yaying Company will adhere to the philosophy of the Rothschild family.
We are constantly seeking the best partners in China to build the most beautiful, outstanding and historic wine cellar in the world. A good wine cellar is a contribution to human material civilization. The history of red wine
The earliest record of wine in the Bible is in Genesis Chapter 9, verse 20: Noah was a farmer and the first person to cultivate a vineyard (Modern Chinese Translation Revised Edition). Grapes are one of the earliest plants cultivated by humans, and Egypt has a history of winemaking for more than 3,000 years. As Roman territory expanded, the cultivation of grapes also spread. The French native Gauls, who originally loved barley beer and mead, soon fell in love with wine and became outstanding grape growers. The quality of the wine they produced was also very popular in Rome, and the Roman Emperor Domitian ordered Half the vines in Gaul were uprooted to protect Roman grape growers.
Later, the Roman Emperor Probus fully authorized the Gauls to plant grape vines, and the French grape growing tradition was re-established.
After the Roman Emperor Constantine officially recognized Christianity in the early fourth century and Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire, wine, which was integral to mass ceremonies, encouraged the cultivation of grapes. Until 1780 AD, when many vineyards were transferred to the middle class and wine farmers during the French Revolution, they were in the hands of the church.
Around 1880 AD, downy mildew and powdery mildew were rampant, and the most serious one was the grape phylloxera. The problem was solved by grafting American varieties, but the vineyard area was significantly reduced. During the two wars, wines with false labels were released one after another. It was not until the establishment of the Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO - Institut National des Appellations d'Origine) in 1935 that France's high-quality wines began to be regulated by the "AOC" - Appellation d'Origine Controlee) was resolved. Nowadays, various countries have also established their own legal production area systems to ensure high-quality wine.