From Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, it has evolved into Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan and Li Shu, and into cursive script, regular script and running script in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Dynasty and Jin Dynasty.
1. from Shang dynasty to the end of Qin dynasty
from Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, through the spring and autumn period and the warring States period, to the Qin and Han dynasties, the historical development of more than 2, years also promoted the development of calligraphy art. During this period, various calligraphy styles appeared one after another, including Oracle Bone Inscriptions's handwriting, inscriptions on bronze inscriptions, and Zhu Mo's handwriting on bamboo slips and silks. Among them, five fonts, seal script, official script, cursive script, running script and regular script, were stereotyped in the screening and elimination of hundreds of miscellaneous styles, and the art of calligraphy began to develop in an orderly manner.
2. Qin Dynasty-a pioneer of calligraphy
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were great differences in writing among countries, which was a major obstacle to the development of economy and culture. After Qin Shihuang unified the country, Prime Minister Li Si presided over the unification of the national characters, which was a great achievement in the cultural history of China. After the unification of Qin Dynasty, the script was called Qin Zhuan, also known as Xiao Zhuan, which was simplified on the basis of Jin Wen and Shi Guwen.
3. The Eastern Han Dynasty-Seeking Degree and Pursuing Rhyme Calligraphy
The calligraphy of the two Han Dynasties is divided into two major forms, one is the mainstream system of Chinese stone carvings; One is the seal of Wadang seal and the ink of the book of bamboo and silk alliance. "Since the later Han Dynasty, the stele Yun Qi" is a sign of han li's maturity.
4. The Three Kingdoms Period
During the Three Kingdoms Period, official script began to decline from the peak position of the Han Dynasty and evolved into regular script, which became another subject of calligraphy art. Regular script, also known as official script and real script, was created by Zhong You. It was during the Three Kingdoms period that regular script entered the history of stone carving.
5. During the Jin Dynasty,
In the Jin Dynasty, people advocated "elegance" and "quality" in their daily life, and pursued the beauty of moderation and elegance. Many calligraphers came forth in large numbers. The artistic taste of bamboo slips for two kings (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi) catered to the requirements of the literati, and people increasingly realized that writing words had an aesthetic value. The calligrapher who best represents the spirit of Wei and Jin Dynasties and has the most influence in the history of calligraphy is Wang Xizhi, known as the "Book Sage".
6. Southern and Northern Dynasties
Calligraphy in the Southern and Northern Dynasties entered the era of "Bei Bei Nan Tie". At this time, Wei Bei was the best calligrapher. Wei Bei, a general term for the calligraphy of inscriptions and stone carvings in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, is a transitional period from official script in Han Dynasty to regular script in Tang Dynasty.
7. Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties-Seeking Rules and Promoting Calligraphy in Sui Dynasty
Sui ended the chaotic situation in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, unified China, and later Tang Dou was a relatively stable period. The development of Nantie Beibei Monument was mixed with Sui, and the form of regular script was officially completed, which occupied the position of connecting the past with the future in the history of calligraphy. Sui Kai inherited the evolution of Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
8. Calligraphy flourished in the Tang Dynasty
The culture of the Tang Dynasty was profound and brilliant, reaching the peak of feudal culture in China, which can be described as "calligraphy flourished in the early Tang Dynasty". There are more ink in Tang Dynasty than in the previous generation, and a large number of tablets have left valuable calligraphy works. Calligraphy in the whole Tang Dynasty inherited and innovated from the previous generation. Regular script, running script and cursive script all entered a new situation in the Tang Dynasty, with outstanding characteristics of the times and far more influence on future generations than any previous era.
9. Song Dynasty
Calligraphy in Song Dynasty was interested in ideas, which was caused by Zhu Da's advocacy of Neo-Confucianism. The connotation of ideas includes four points: one is philosophical, the other is bookish, the other is stylized, and the other is artistic expression. At the same time, it advocates individuality and originality in calligraphy creation.
1. Yuan Dynasty
In the early Yuan Dynasty, there was little economic and cultural development, and the overall situation of calligraphy was to advocate retro, patriarchal Jin and Tang dynasties and less innovation. Although the Yuan Dynasty was ruled by an alien in politics, it was assimilated by the Han culture in culture, which was different from the pursuit of artistic conception in Song Dynasty. The meaning of the Yuan Dynasty was the pursuit of open beauty deliberately seeking work. 11. The Qing Dynasty
In the development history of nearly 3 years, China's calligraphy in Qing Dynasty experienced a difficult transformation, which broke through the cage of calligraphy since Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties and created the study of steles, especially. In particular, the calligraphers of stele studies make the calligraphy world very active, with a variety of schools and a thriving situation by borrowing the essence of the past and expressing their individuality.
12. Modern times
The colorful art of modern calligraphy is directly related to the unprecedented complexity of its calligraphers. Perhaps because the distance is too close, this scenery is clearer than any previous period.
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