1, the origin of three branches:
(1) from Qi:
The earliest branch originated from the surname Qi, and was a descendant of Emperor Yao. Formed in the late summer, from Lushan, Henan. Liu, whose surname is Qi, has two homologous branches: one comes directly from Liu Lei and was formed in Xia Dynasty; In the early Spring and Autumn Period, a scholar society composed of descendants of Liu Lei was formed. Liu Lei was born in the late Xia Dynasty. He studied dragon training with the master of dragon breeding technology, and domesticated four dragons for Kong Jia, the thirteenth emperor of Xia Dynasty, so he was named dragon lion by Kong Jia. Liu Lei lived in the south of Yanshi County, Henan Province, when he was a Kongjia dragon. Later, due to poor reproduction, a female dragon died. Liu Lei was afraid that Kong Jia would be punished, so she secretly fled to Lu Xian County (now Lushan County, Henan Province) with her family. Liu Lei's descendants took Liu Lei's name as their surname, which was the earliest surname of Liu in China.
(2) from Ji surname:
Descendants of Empress Zhou. According to legend, after his death, he succeeded to the throne and made Ji Wang's son Yu king. His descendants took the city as their surname, and Liu's surname was passed down from generation to generation. This is the Liu family in Henan.
BC 1046, at the end of Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wuwang inherited Zhou Wenwang's wishes, overthrew the Shang Zhouwang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty. Later, posthumous title's grandfather was named "Ji Wang". When he was in office, there was another descendant of Wang Ji, Liu (the address is now Gou Township, Yanshi County, Henan Province). Later, Zheng, a vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty, expanded his power and forcibly occupied Liu's place. The descendants of Wang Ji, who originally lived in Liu, heard the news and fled, but they did not know where to go. In the Spring and Autumn Period, in the eighth year of King Huan of Zhou (7 12 BC), King Huan of Zhou changed the original and Wen cities from Zheng to Liu. 100 years later, during his reign (606 BC-586 BC), Liu was assigned to his younger brother Wang. Wang established Liu Guo here, known as Liu Kanggong in history. The descendants of Liu Kanggong also took "Liu" as their surname.
(3) from foreign countries:
Remarried to his family, and his surname is still Liu. According to historical records, firstly, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, practiced the policy of intimacy and estrangement and married Yu Chanyu. According to the custom of Xiongnu, nobles all take their mother's surname, and Khan's descendants all take Liu's surname. So this surname Liu came into being. Second, according to historical records, Lou Jing, a Qi man, offered Liu Bang a plan to build a capital in Luoyang, which was reused by Liu Bang. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he was given the surname Liu, and then he kept it all the time. In order to thank Xiang Bo for saving his life at the Hongmen banquet, Liu Bang named him Liu. Thirdly, after Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang, the compound surname of Xianbei people was changed to Liu, which became one of the most popular surnames at that time. Other ethnic minorities who moved to the Central Plains also changed their surnames to Liu.
2. Migration and distribution:
Liu's ancestral home is Tangxian County, Hebei Province, and his surname is now Shaanxi. More than 300 years BC, Liu began to spread to Henan and Jiangsu. Later, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty and enfeoffed his descendants on a large scale. Liu is widely distributed in Tianshui, Zhongshan and Nanyang. At the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms, Wei Liu in the Central Plains escaped the "Dong Zhuo Rebellion" and began to migrate in all directions, mainly to Sun Wu in the southeast and Sichuan in the southwest. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Liu Daju moved south, which had a great influence in Jiangnan. Since the Tang Dynasty, Liu's surname has spread all over the country. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Liu crossed the ocean to Taiwan Province, and further went overseas. Liu ranks 252nd among hundreds of surnames. By 2020, the population of Liu is about 67.78 million, accounting for 5.38% of the Han population in China. Liu's surname is generally distributed in most areas of Heilongjiang, eastern Inner Mongolia, Hebei, northwestern Shandong and Kashgar, Xinjiang. Generally, the surname Liu accounts for more than 7% of the local population, accounting for 12. 1% of the total land area. In a large number of north and south areas east of Qinghai and west of Zhejiang, the distribution frequency of Liu's surname is 4.2%-7%, covering 88.6% of the total land area. In Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, most of Fujian, Taiwan Province, central Guangdong, southern Hainan, southwestern Yunnan, western Sichuan, eastern Qinghai and western Xinjiang, the distribution frequency of Liu's surname is 1.4%-4.2%, and its coverage area accounts for 21.5% of the total land area. The distribution frequency of Liu surname in other areas is 1.4%, and its coverage area accounts for 27.8% of the total land area.
3, county hall number:
(1) Wang Jun:
According to relevant historical records, there are 25 counties named after Liu, of which 18 is the name.
① Pengcheng County: established in the Western Han Dynasty. At that time, Chu changed to Pengcheng County, and later changed to Pengcheng State, where it ruled. This branch of Liu is a descendant of Emperor Gaozu.
② Pei County: the county was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and the county under its jurisdiction was Xiang County. It is equivalent to Anhui, Henan and other places today.
(3) hongnong county: In the Western Han Dynasty, a county was set up to govern Hongnong. The ancestor of this branch named Liu was Liu Jia of the Han Dynasty.
(4) Hejian County: a county was set up in the early Han Dynasty, and it was ruled by Lecheng. The ancestor of this branch is Liu Kaiji, a son of Emperor Zhang of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
⑤ Zhongshan County: A county was established in the Han Dynasty and was ruled by Lunu. This surname Liu mostly comes from the son of the emperor, Zhongshan Jing.
⑥ Liang Jun: Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty set up a county to cure drunken Yang. This branch named Liu was founded by Liu Wen, the son of Wendi.
⑦ Dunqiu County: The county was established twice in the Western Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty. This Liu family is mostly from the Xiongnu Liu family.
⑧ Nanyang County: During the Warring States Period, it was located in Wanxian County. The ancestor of Liu Kaiji's branch was Liu Fa, the king of Changsha in the Western Han Dynasty.
9 Dongping County: Han and Jin Dynasties set up a county, and there is no salt here. The Southern Song Dynasty was renamed Dongping County. The ancestor of this Liu family is Liu Yu, the fourth son of Xuan Di, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Attending Gaomi State: The Western Han Dynasty established a state and ruled Gaomi. This branch of Liu was founded by the son of Guangling Wang.
Jingling County: A county was set up in the Western Jin Dynasty and governed by Shicheng. This branch of Liu was established in the later Han Dynasty.
Henan county: Han county, located in the northeast of Luoyang city. This Liu family comes from the mixed Liu family.
Weishi County: Weishi City of Zheng in the Spring and Autumn Period and Weishi County in the Qin Dynasty. Liu Kaiji's ancestor was the grandson of the 1 1 generation emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Guangping County: Han County that governs Guangping. This Liu family comes from Liu Cang, the grandson of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty.
Danyang County: A county was set up in the Western Han Dynasty to govern Wanling. Liu's branch is the Liu's branch in Linhuai, and the mountain ancestor is the grandson of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Guangling County: The Western Han Dynasty changed Jiangdu State to Guangling State and ruled Guangling. The Eastern Han Dynasty was changed to counties. The ancestor of Liu Kaiji's branch was Liu Xu, King of Guangling, Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu.
Changsha County: During the Warring States Period, it was located in Linxiang. The ancestor of this branch, Liu Kaiji, was Liu Fa, the king of Changsha.
Linhuai County: When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a county, he ruled Anhui today. The ancestors of this Liu surname are Liu Jian, Liu Xiu VI, Sun Jinyong and Liu Jian, Guangwudi of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
(2) Hall number:
① Pengcheng Hall: This is the most commonly used hall name of Liu. Because Pengcheng Liu originated from the royal family in the Western Han Dynasty, it was early, with a large population, wide branches and great influence, so it was regarded as the authentic hall name of this county by Liu.
② Bailongtang: Liu Lei, Xia Xiang, which is said to be good at raising dragons, is called Bailongshi.
(3) Zhao Chentang: Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty, when Yuan Di was in Tianluge, one day, an old man dressed in yellow took a stick of quinoa and blew a flame with a cane, and showed Liu Xiang books on astronomy and geography. Liu Xiang asked, "Who are you?" He replied that he was the essence of Taiyi. I heard that he was studious, so I came to see him. Liu Xiang wrote a lot in his life. He became more agile after meeting the old man.
4. Family pedigree:
(1) Hebei: Cangzhou Liu's genealogy has three volumes, the first volume, Nanpi Liu's genealogy, and Shangyuan Liu's genealogy has six volumes.
(2) Shanxi: The Liu genealogy in Hongdong has the first eight volumes and the last one, the Liu genealogy in Hongdong has five volumes, the Liu genealogy in Hongyan has six volumes, the Liu genealogy in Hongdong has no volume, and the Liu genealogy in Hongdong has the first seventeen volumes, so the Liu genealogy has no volume.
(3) Liaoning: Liu's genealogy in Shenyang is not divided into volumes, Liu's genealogy in Shenyang, Liu's genealogy in Liaoyang and Liu's genealogy in Lingyuan.
(4) Jiangsu: Nanjing Liu genealogy, Peixian Pengchengtang Liu genealogy, Fengxian Liu genealogy, Siyang Liu genealogy, Baoying Liu genealogy, Baoying Liu genealogy.
5. Celebrity surnamed Liu:
(1) Liu Yong: a native of Zhucheng, Shandong Province, a calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, and a university student in Dongge. At that time, he was on par with Liang and Weng Fanggang.
(2) Liu Guo: Taihe, a famous poet and poet in the Southern Dynasties.
(3) Liu Songnian: Qiantang people, painters, good at landscape painting, and Li Tang, Ma Yuan, Xia Gui and known as the "four masters of the Southern Song Dynasty".
(4) Liu Yuxi: Zhongshan, a famous writer, philosopher and poet in the Tang Dynasty. His main achievement in philosophy is that he put forward the theory of "Heaven and Man win each other". His works include Tian Lun and so on.
(5) Liu Yuan: Xiongnu, the founder of the Han State in the Sixteen-State Period, fought against Jin in the late Western Jin Dynasty, calling it Da Khan, and later renamed it Hanwang. Yongjia was called Emperor Han in the second year, and Pingyang was the capital.
(6) Liu Ling, Pei Junren, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" in the Western Jin Dynasty, was once a general of Jianwei.
(7) Liu Bei: Zhongshan native, the founder of the Three Kingdoms period, the descendant of Liu Sheng, the king of Hanzhong. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he took refuge in Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao and others. Later, Zhuge Liang assisted him and adopted the strategy of uniting Wu against Cao. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao defeated Chibi and won successively. 2 1 year, Park Cheng-di, with Chengdu as its capital and Han as its title, was in the best position with Cao Wei and Sun Wu. His father and son were kings for 43 years.
(8) Liu Xiu: a native of Caiyang, Nanyang, the founding monarch of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was known as Emperor Guangwu in history. In 22 AD, he rose up in Chunling and joined the outlaws. Under the call of restoring the Han system, he joined forces with the aristocratic forces and defeated the red-eye rebels. In the first year of Jianwu, he proclaimed himself emperor and made Luoyang his capital. After that, the separatist forces in various places were eliminated and the whole country was unified.
(9) Liu Bang: namely Emperor Gaozu, a native of Pei County. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng uprising, he gathered three thousand people in Pei County to respond. Later, Chu Huaiwang ordered him to split up with Xiang Yu. Xianyang was captured in 206 BC and was named Hanwang by Xiang Yu. After five years of Chu-Han War with Xiang Yu, he won. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Han, Luoyang as its capital and Chang 'an as its capital, which was called the Western Han Dynasty in history.
(10) Liu Ji: Liu Bowen, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, was a strategist of Zhu Yuanzhang. In literature, he, Song Lian and Gao Qi are also called "the great poets in the third day of Ming Dynasty".
(1 1): a famous soldier in the late Qing Dynasty, the main general who left to recover Xinjiang, and the first governor of Xinjiang.
(12) Liu E: a scholar and novelist in Qing Dynasty, whose masterpiece is Travel Notes of Lao Can.
Liu Bannong (13): pioneer of new culture movement, modern writer, linguist and translator.
(14) Liu Tianhua: a modern musician and master of erhu, whose representative works include A Bright Walk, A Night, and An Empty Mountain Bird.
Liu Dunzhen (15): a modern architect and architectural history expert in China, who is equally famous with Liang Sicheng.
Liu Haisu (16): a modern painter with outstanding achievements in oil painting, calligraphy and artistic theory.
(17) Liu: a modern essayist and novelist. His representative works include Three Days in the Yangtze River and The Second Sun.
Liu (18) is a contemporary novelist and redologist. His representative works include The Head Teacher, The Bell and Drum Tower, and Liu Demystifying a Dream of Red Mansions.
(19) Liu Zhenyun: A contemporary novelist, with his masterpiece "A sentence is worth ten thousand sentences, a chicken feather in one place".
(20) Liu Yonghao: Chairman of New Hope Group, ranking in the 2020 Hurun Report 16.
(2 1) Liu Yongxing: Chairman of East Hope Group, ranking first in Forbes China Rich List in 2008.
(22) Liu: Chairman of the Board of Directors of JD.COM Group and Director of Honorary Village, Pingshitou Village, Fuping County, Hebei Province, was selected as No.31in the 2020 New Fortune 500 Rich List.
(23) Andy Lau: Actor and singer.
(24) Liu Xiaoqing: Actor.
(25) Liu Huan: singer and music professor.
(26) Liu Qingyun: Actor.
Liu Xiang: track and field athlete, Olympic and world champion.
Liu Xuan: Gymnast, actor, Olympic and World Cup champion.
Liu: Table tennis player, president of China Table Tennis Association, table tennis World Cup champion.
(30) Liu Yifei: Actor, singer and beauty.
(3 1) Rene Liu: singer and actor.
Tamia Liu: Actor and singer.
6. Former residence of the estate:
(1) Mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty:
The Mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty is a national key cultural relic protection unit, located in Xianyang City and Xi City, Shaanxi Province. The tombs of emperors in the Western Han Dynasty 1 1 are located in the south of Weihe River at the northern end of Bailu in the eastern suburb of Xi and Shaoling Garden in the southern suburb, except Baling and Han. The other nine tombs were buried in Xianyang Garden on the north bank of Weihe River, starting from Douma Village in Xingping City (county-level city) in the west, and reaching Zhangjiawan in Zhengyang Township in Xianyang District in the east, followed by Maoling in Liu Che, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and Ping Ling in Liu Fuling, Zhao Di of Han Dynasty.
② Dayi Liu Manor:
Liu Manor in Dayi, Sichuan, also known as Liu Manor Museum, has a large scale and unique style. Built in June 1958 and June 10, it is a national key cultural relics protection unit approved by the State Council. Before the founding of New China, it was the private residence of Liu, a big landlord in western Sichuan, and now it contains tens of thousands of cultural relics, which is one of the important historical sites and representative buildings in modern China society.
(3) Liu Ancestral Temple in Zhongxian County, Fenggang:
Fenggang Liu Zhongxian Ancestral Temple is located in Liuzhai Village, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City. It was built by Liu people in Fujian Province to commemorate their ancestors Liu Cun and Sima Liu. It was built in the first year of Tianfu in the late Jin Dynasty (936) and rebuilt many times in later dynasties. From 65438 to 0990, it was advocated by the president of Fujian Association in the eastern United States and Liu Zaitai's clan. Thanks to the joint efforts of the Liu clan at home and abroad, the ancestral hall has been repaired and renovated. 1994101On October 22nd, Liu's Guild Hall in Sarawak, led by Dato' Liu in Malaysia, paid a return visit to the ancestral temple and ancestral grave with unprecedented pomp.
(4) Former residence of Liu Shaoqi:
Liu Shaoqi's former residence is located in Ningxiang County, Hunan, China,1898165438+1October 24th, where Liu Shaoqi was born and spent his childhood and adolescence. The former residence is in a quadrangle with thatched doors. The plaque of the former residence was inscribed by Deng Xiaoping, a national key cultural relic protection unit. 1959- 1990, the former residence was renovated four times. 199865438+February, Liu Shaoqi 100 birthday celebration was held here.
7. The evolution of Chinese characters:
The word "Liu" is a pictophonetic character, and the original meaning of this word is very different from the later surname. Liu, the traditional Chinese character Liu, comes from Jin, Tao, and the sound of three (yǒu). The original meaning is a verb, which means killing, but later the part of speech has changed, which means weapons such as axes and cymbals. Later, the meaning of words was mainly expressed as surnames.
The seal script "Liu" clearly shows three components: Shu, Jin and Tao. Like "unitary", it is the pronunciation of this word. Both gold and knives mean weapons and killing, and later they also mean victory.
Some seal script writing methods will be written as "stone+leave" and become a variant writing method. Another way to write it is "Jin+Liu", all of which use "Liu" as the phonetic symbol.
In the evolution of seal script, there will also be some decorative glyphs, and there will also be some writing methods of "Wen+Dao", which is also one of the sources of the simplified word "Liu" later.
The "Liu" in Han bamboo slips after Dongpailou in Han Dynasty belongs to official script, and the strokes are random with a brush, which has changed from arc seal script to straight line, which is not much different from the later regular script font. The word "Liu" in the official script of the Han Dynasty has smooth lines, moderate structure, profound style, elegance and elegance, and at the same time, it has a handsome and chic style in its elegance.
The word "Liu" in Ling Fei Jing written by Zhong Shaojing in the Tang Dynasty has a beautiful structure, elegant brushwork and a delicate and meaningful literati temperament.
The stroke of "Liu" in Mi Fei's running script "Xue Shu Tie" is quick and structured. The oblique potential on the left side and the long vertical potential on the right side echo each other, forming various gestures of words, such as dancing.
The cursive script "Liu" in "Tang Ge" has changed the plump posture in ancient times with a thin and straight brushwork, showing his unique heroism. This cursive style combines Cao Zhang's brushwork.
Today, Liu's surname has spread all over the country and is a household name in China.