China is an outstanding poet in modern and contemporary times, a famous writer and editor, a loyal patriot, a close friend of the China Producer Party, a member of the China Democratic League, a member of the second and third sessions of the National People's Congress, a member of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth sessions of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a standing member of the seventh and eighth sessions, and a director of the first and second sessions of the Chinese Writers Association. Comrade Cang Kejia, member of the third and fourth sessions of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, honorary member of the sixth and seventh sessions, president of the Chinese Poetry Society, honorary president of the China Mao Zedong Poetry Research Association and honorary president of the China Writing Society, died in Beijing at 2: 35 on February 5, 24 at the age of 99.
Comrade Cang Kejia, whose pen names are Shao Quan and He Jia, was born in Zhucheng, Shandong Province on October 8, 195. Influenced by his grandfather and father since childhood, he laid a good foundation for classical poetry. In the summer of 1923, he was admitted to the First Normal School of Shandong Province. During this period, I read a lot of new literary works and began to write new poems. In 1925, he first published his works in the national publication "Yusi", with few signatures. In 1927, he was admitted to Wuhan Branch of the Central Military and Political School and participated in the Northern Expedition. In 1929, a new poem "Silence in the Late Forest" was published for the first time in Qingdao Republic Daily, signed by Ke Jia. From 193 to 1934, during my study in National Qingdao University (later changed to National Shandong University), I was warmly taught and carefully helped by Mr. Wen Yiduo and Mr. Wang Tongzhao. His poems, such as Refugees and Old Horse, describe the miserable life of farmers in old China with concise poems. The long poem "Black Hands of Evil" exposes the evil and hypocrisy of imperialism. These poems are the representative works of his early poems and have become the classics in the history of modern Chinese poetry. In 1933, his first collection of poems, Brand, was published, which was well received by Wen Yiduo, Mao Dun and other predecessors. The following year, the poetry collection "Black Hands of Evil" came out, and it became famous in the poetry world. From 1934 to 1937, he taught in Linqing Middle School, Shandong Province, published a collection of poems "Canal" and a long poem "A Portrait of Yourself", and created a collection of essays "Random Illness Collection". In 1936, he joined the China Writers and Artists Association.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Comrade Cang Kejia closely linked his destiny with that of the nation and actively participated in anti-Japanese patriotic activities. In 1938, he joined the All-China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles and was elected as the director of Xiangyang and Yichang Branches. From 1938 to the early summer of 1941, he served as an instructor in the Propaganda Department of the Anti-Japanese Youth Corps in the Fifth Theater, a secretary to the Chief Commander's Department, a member of the Cultural Work Committee, the head of the wartime cultural work group, and the 3 th Army. He was full of intense patriotic enthusiasm and risked enemy bombing. He went to the front line of Taierzhuang for an interview and wrote a long reportage "The Story of Blood on the North Line of Jinpu". He led the wartime cultural work group of the Fifth Theater into Henan, Hubei, Anhui rural areas and Dabie Mountains to carry out anti-Japanese literary propaganda and creative activities. Regardless of his personal safety, he organized "writers and artists to join the army"; He risked his life to go to the front line of Suizao to engage in the cultural propaganda work of resisting Japan and saving the nation, and once participated in the Battle of Suizao. During this period, Comrade Cang Kejia created and published poems such as Joining the Army, Singing on Huai River, and a collection of essays, Walking with Jujube, which enthusiastically eulogized the great patriotic spirit of the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians and the heroic deeds of resisting the enemy. In the autumn of 1941, he served as a member of the Senate of the 31st Army, vice president and acting president of Sany Publishing House, and prepared to publish the progressive publication "Dadi Wencong", which was banned by the authorities after its publication. In July 1942, he resigned in anger and braved the heat to go to Chongqing from Yexian County, Henan Province. In April 1943, he was elected as an alternate director at the fifth annual meeting of the All-China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles. In the summer of the same year, he served as the Commissioner of the Relief Committee and was responsible for editing the magazine "Education for Difficult Children" until the autumn of 1945. During this period, he created and published a long poem "Flowers of Ancient Trees", a memoir "My Poetic Life" and a collection of poems such as "Songs of the Earth" and "Selected Poems of Ten Years". Cang Kejia (195.1.8-) was born in Nuocheng, Shandong Province. Before the age of 18, I lived in the countryside of Jiaodong Peninsula. In 1923, he entered the First Normal School of Jinan Province and studied poetry under the influence of the May 4th Movement. In 1925, the first novel "Farewell to Ten and Highest Tillage" contained "Yu Si". In the autumn of 1926, he was admitted to the Central Military and Political School and participated in the campaign against the reactionary army Xia Douyin. After the failure of the great revolution, he fled to the northeast. In 1929, he entered the cram school of National Qingdao University and published Xin Tao's Silent in the Late Forest. Graduated from Chinese Department of National Shandong University in 1934. At school, I was encouraged and helped by Wen Yiduo and Wang Tongzhao in the creation of new poems. In 1932, he published his first poem "Refugees" in the New Moon, volume 4, issue 7. In 1933, the first book of poetry, Brand, was published. Then he published two poems, Black Hands of Evil, Canal and a long poem, Self-Portrait. Cang Kejia, who joined the China Writers Association in 1936, was one of the pioneers of China's realistic new poems. He inherited and developed the realistic tradition of new poetry from two aspects. First, he promoted the singing of new poems to farmers and rural areas in old China. Before him, no poet had been able to describe farmers and rural areas so successfully. Secondly, he promoted the construction of China's modern narrative poems, which are the blending of the poet's inner world and the outer world. Cang Kejia is a poet full of charm in China. He consciously absorbed nutrients from China's classical poems, modernized them and cast the China style of his works. His poems have a lyrical way of implicit implication, emphasizing "hiding", poetry is outside the poem, and the pen has a hidden front; His poems use a simple and refined way of speaking, which is refined and ingenious; His poems pursue a harmonious and pleasing musical way, and "knocking on the sound" is one of Cang Kejia's criteria for refining Chinese characters. He seeks for the harmony of syllables, sonorous and moving, and increases the aesthetic feeling of readers' hearing. In the history of the development of new poetry, there are very few realistic poets with China style as Cang Kejia, which is worthy of further study in academic circles.
Appreciate this poem and grasp several key words: Cang Kejia; Realism; China style peasant
Cang Kejia is a rich existence in the history of modern and contemporary literature in China, and his literary activities have lasted for more than 7 years. The Complete Works of Cang Kejia, published at the end of 22, has 12 volumes and nearly 6.3 million words. Cang Kejia is an important page in the history of modern and contemporary literature in China, and one of the pioneers of China's realistic new poems.
Cang Kejia is famous for his new poems. However, his prose, which was covered by the name of the poem, also achieved great success. It should be said that in the time and quantity of creation, his prose is equally divided with poetry. Prose and memoirs, including Wild Shop, Frog, The Party in the Cave, The Sea, The Fire, My Poetic Life, are a big topic left to the prose critics. In his later years, Cang Kejia was old and sick, so he couldn't get in touch with fresh life, so he "turned his mind upside down when he was old, and wrote more prose and less poetry". "I seized the prose vigorously to express the interest of my poems." [1] Cang Kejia's poems rarely have a tendency of prose culture; His prose, on the other hand, seeks poeticization-it contains poetic soul, which establishes the taste of Cang Kejia's prose. Some partisans even have the saying that "writing is better than poetry".
From a horizontal perspective, first of all, children who are ignorant of the world and have not yet sweated seem to be not sad enough; The second time is the father who is "sweating", and his melancholy mentality reveals poetry; Finally, my grandfather, who died of sweat, showed his sadness. The life of peasant families in the soil! From the vertical aspect, the three images of children-father-grandfather show not only three generations, but also countless generations. This is the concretization of the life path of farmers in China from generation to generation, and each image is highly generalized. The meticulous observation, profound thinking, ingenious writing and strong aftertaste are hard for other poets to match. This is the only one, and the achievement of Cang Kejia, a "peasant poet", needs no more words.
Cang Kejia put great emphasis on writing only what he is familiar with, which is a great feature of his realism. In the relationship between "the needs of the times" and "familiarity with oneself", he emphasized familiarity with the subject matter. Of course, with the changes of the times, poets should be familiar with the new unfamiliar life in the past, which is complete realism. He wrote a preface to the 1946 edition of Song of the Dirt, A War in the Middle, and said, "When will I stop worrying, grieving and angry about their tragic fate and singing such unpleasant songs? When, let me sing a happy and liberated song for them-China farmers, from the truth, just like they sing a sad song? " [15] He was familiar with farmers in old China, so he wrote about farmers in old China. But he also yearns for new people and a new world.
Cang Kejia has always been fascinated by the natural scenery in the countryside. As long as the conditions are met, his inspiration will come easily, so one excellent work will come out. In 1942, he finished Song of the Earth, which is the most important work of Cang Kejia besides Brand and the poet's own satisfaction. After the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, poets and writers reflected on their creation-empty enthusiasm disappeared, high-profile cries became hoarse, and some poets and writers returned to familiar themes, looked at old themes with new aesthetic eyes, and wrote new works in the new era. So Ba Jin wrote Spring (1939) and Autumn (194). Cao Yu wrote Peking Man (1941); Mao Dun wrote Frost Leaves as Red as February Flowers (1943); Cang Kejia wrote his 11th collection of poems, Songs of the Earth. Compared with those urgent chapters that sing current affairs directly, Cang Kejia said: "I am most suitable for singing such a song, but maybe I can only sing such a song." [16] In 1944, when he edited his "Selected Poems of Ten Years", few works directly expressing the bonfire of the Anti-Japanese War were selected.
Cang Kejia's poetry is a philosophy brewing in lyricism, and it is a philosophical poem. Wen Yiduo once made an incisive conclusion, "There is no poem of the Ke family that does not have an extremely true meaning of life." This "extreme truth" comes from the poet's philosophical summary of caring for and grasping the essence of life. "Three Generations", a "very true" lyric short poem, has simple, concise, cold and profound artistic characteristics.
During the War of Liberation, Comrade Cang Kejia participated in many progressive activities such as "Calling for a Truce and Achieving Peace". In Chongqing, he was invited to attend the symposium of cultural figures held by Comrade Mao Zedong in his apartment in Zhang Zhizhong. In Shanghai, he edited the literary supplements of Overseas Chinese Voice, such as Xinghe, Learning Poetry, Creating Poems and Wenxun, and United a large number of progressive writers. Angry at the dark corruption of politics, he created a large number of political lyric poems and political satirical poems, and published poems such as Baby, Zero Degree of Life and Winter, which had a wide influence. In December 1948, due to the serious white terror in Shanghai, he was forced to sneak into Hong Kong.
In March p>1949, Comrade Cang Kejia came to Beiping under the arrangement of the Central Party Organization. In May, he published a group poem "What he saw, heard and thought" in People's Daily, which expressed his joy after he arrived in the liberated areas. Later, he served as a researcher in the Literary Creation Research Office of the College of Literature and Art of North China University, editor of the General Administration of Publishing and People's Publishing House, editor of Xinhua Monthly, and editor of the literary column of Xinhua Monthly. In July 1949, he attended the first congress of all-China writers and artists and was elected as a member of all-China writers' association. He joined the China Democratic League in June 1951 and served as a member of the Cultural and Educational Committee of the Central Committee of the Democratic League.
In p>1956, Comrade Cang Kejia was transferred to the Secretariat of the Chinese Writers Association. From 1957 to 1965, he was the editor-in-chief of Poetry Magazine. After his contact, 18 poems of Mao Zedong published for the first time by the inaugural issue of Poetry Journal have had a great influence in the whole country. During this period, he devoted himself to the organization and leadership of the prosperity and development of socialist literature, played an important role in the publication and development of Poetry Magazine, and made remarkable achievements in prospering poetry creation and strengthening the construction of poetry team. At the same time, full of infinite love for the motherland, the Party and the people, he worked tirelessly and created diligently. He was active in China's poetry circles in the fifties and sixties as a passionate and prolific poet, and ushered in another peak of his creation. He successively published poetry collections such as Selected Poems of Cang Kejia, Triumph and the long poem Li Dazhao. Among them, some people-feelings in memory of Lu Xun, Chairman Mao smiled at the Yellow River and other well-known works have been selected into middle school Chinese textbooks many times. In 1957, he and Zhou Zhenfu co-authored The Interpretation of Chairman Mao's Poems, which played an important role in the spread and popularization of Mao Zedong's poems.
Comrade Cang Kejia was persecuted during the "Cultural Revolution" and was forced to stop his literary creation and social activities, and was sent to the May 7th Cadre School in Xianning, Hubei. Returned to Beijing in 1972. In January, 1976, Poetry Magazine was re-published, and Comrade Cang Kejia served as consultant and editorial board member.
After the downfall of the Gang of Four, Comrade Cang Kejia, who was over 7 years old, was full of literary ideas and ushered in the spring of creation. He sang the praises from the bottom of his heart to the new period of socialism, and published poems such as Recalling Xiangyang, Falling in the Red, and Cang Kejia's Old Style Poems. Prose collections such as Huai Ren Ji, Poetry and Life; Collection of essays such as Thoughts on Learning Poetry, On Poetry by Kejia, and Appreciation of Cang Kejia's Classical Poetry. The 12-volume Complete Works of Cang Kejia, which condensed his life sweat and painstaking efforts, was also published in December 22.
Comrade Cang Kejia's works have won many awards and have been translated into many languages, which have a wide influence at home and abroad. In April 1988, he won the honorary award of the first literary periodical editor of the Chinese Writers Association; In August, 199, Mao Zedong Poetry Appreciation, edited by him, won the National Book "Golden Key" Award and the first prize of the Fifth China Book Award. In October 1991, she was granted a special government allowance by the State Council. In January 2, he won the first "Xiamen-New Cup"? China Poet Award "Lifetime Achievement Award; In November of the same year, he won the lifetime achievement award of the first Dragon Culture Gold Award of the International Yanhuang Culture Research Association. In October 22, he was awarded an honorary doctor of humanities by the World Congress of Poets and the World Academy of Art and Culture. In December of the same year, he won the gold medal of "China Contemporary Poetry Soul" awarded by the 7th International Poets' Pen Club. In December 23, The Complete Works of Cang Kejia won the nomination of the 6th National Book Award.
Comrade Cang Kejia loves the Party, the people and socialism, and earnestly studies Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents. During his creative career of more than 7 years, no matter during the revolutionary war years or during the period of socialist revolution, construction and reform and opening up, he cared about the future of the country, the fate of the nation and the development of literature with great enthusiasm, enthusiastically eulogized the cause of revolution, construction, reform and opening up and socialist modernization led by the party, and used short poems and long poems, new poems and old poems, essays and essays, comments and letters, novels and miscellaneous feelings. He actively advocated writers to go deep into life and reflect the times, and vigorously advocated the diversification of themes and styles and artistic exploration and innovation. He adheres to the direction of "two for one" and the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom", unites and cares for middle-aged and old poets, and enthusiastically cultivates young poets. He witnessed the whole history of Chinese new poetry from birth to development, and made outstanding and indelible contributions to the development of Chinese new poetry.
Comrade Cang Kejia's life is a life of unremitting pursuit of light, a life of consciously expressing the times and serving the people wholeheartedly, and a life of diligent writing, painstaking efforts and constant climbing of artistic peaks.