Tao Hongjing (AD 456-536), whose nickname was Tongming, was named Huayang Seclusion in his later years. He was a native of Moling County, Danyang County (now Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province).
His mother dreamed that a blue dragon flew out of her arms, and saw two heavenly beings coming to her home with incense burners in their hands. Then she became pregnant and gave birth to Tao Hongjing. But the green dragon she saw had no tail and flew into the sky alone. It is said that this foreshadowed that Tao Hongjing would never marry or have any children.
Since childhood, Tao Hongjing has had a unique character and ambition. By the age of six he was able to understand the books he read and write articles. When he was seven years old, he read tens of thousands of words of books such as "The Book of Filial Piety", "Mao Shi" (i.e. "The Book of Songs"), and "The Analects of Confucius". Later, when he was ten years old, a fellow villager got a copy of "The Biography of Immortals" written by Ge Hong, a man from the Jin Dynasty. After he saw the story about the Eight Dukes of Huainan and other immortals, he sighed and said: "Reading this book will make people have a high ambition and the ambition to cultivate immortality and learn Taoism." So he studied day and night. , explore the truth in this book, and set the ambition to cultivate immortality and Taoism and live a long life. He once said to people: "When you look up at the blue sky, white clouds and the sun, you no longer feel as far away and out of reach as before."
When he grew up, he was seven feet four inches tall, with a shrewd expression and beautiful appearance. The eyes are bright, the eyebrows are broad, the ears are long and the shape is exquisite. He has read more than 10,000 books, is good at playing the piano and chess, and is proficient in cursive and official script calligraphy.
In March of the third year of Emperor Shun's rise to Ming Dynasty (AD 479), Emperor Gao of Qi became Prime Minister. He was only in his twenties at the time, so he was recommended as a "reader of the kings", and later he was granted the official position of "at the invitation of the court" (which allowed him to regularly attend court meetings). Although he lives in a powerful family, he always hides his presence, does not interact with the outside world, and just reads every day. Most matters related to etiquette and rules and regulations in the court were decided by him.
Tao Hongjing was originally a person who did not seek glory and wealth, and always wanted to resign and go into seclusion. He once said in a letter to his relatives and friends: "In the past, I did not want to live in the world. I was forty years old and wanted to live in the mountains. I am now thirty-six years old, and I cannot borrow time..." In the tenth year of Yongming (492 AD) , and he indeed petitioned the emperor to resign and go into seclusion. The emperor granted his request and gave him bundles of silk as a gift. When he left, all the ministers and officials of the court came to the Zhenglu Pavilion to bid farewell to him. They set up many curtains and held a grand farewell banquet for him. There were too many cars and horses going there, crowding each other and blocking the road. People say this has never happened since the Song and Qi dynasties. Everyone in the government and the public felt that he was very glorious.
He lived in seclusion on Juqu Mountain in Jurong County (today's southwestern Jiangsu, spanning Jurong, Jintan and other counties). He often said: "Under this mountain is the eighth cave palace, called Jintan Huayangzhitian, surrounded by a border of 150 miles. In the Han Dynasty, there were three Maojuns of Xianyang (Mao Ying and his two younger brothers) After they attained Taoism, they took charge of the mountain, so it was also called Maoshan." So he built a residence in the middle of the mountain and called it "Huayang Hermitage". At the beginning, he studied scriptures and Taoism such as talismans and prophecies from Dongyang County's Sun Youyue. Later, he traveled to various famous mountains in search of elixirs. Whenever he passed through mountain streams, valleys and other places, he would sit or lie there, chant poems, and linger for a long time. His excitement was difficult to calm down. He especially loved the sound of wind and waves among the pines. As soon as he heard the sound of pine waves, he couldn't help but feel happy in his heart. Sometimes he would visit mountain springs and rocks alone. People who saw him from a distance thought he was a god.
At that time, Shen Yue, a famous writer and historian in the Southern Dynasties and the originator of Chinese phonology, was serving as the governor of Dongyang County. Respecting his ambition and integrity, Shen Yue wrote many times inviting him to serve as an official, but he never accepted.
Emperor Wu of Liang (sometimes referred to as Emperor Gao of Qi) once issued an edict and asked Tao Hongjing, "What is there in the mountains?" The implication is that there is nothing in the mountains, so it is better to become an official and have everything. Tao Hongjing wrote "The imperial edict asked what is in the mountains and composed a poem to answer it": "What is there in the mountains? There are many white clouds on the mountains.
It's a pity that the white clouds can only be used for my own pleasure, but I can't hold them in my hands and send them to you! " Cleverly expresses his noble ambition of not being an official and disdainful of being associated with the people of his time. This poem comes casually, with plain language but profound connotation. From then on, Baiyun and the hermit were more closely related in poems and articles of later generations. Connected. Baiyun's movements were erratic, coming and going without any trace, just like an elegant hermit.
Another time when Emperor Wu of Liang asked him to come out to serve as an official, he simply painted. There were two cows, one roaming freely among the water plants, the other wearing a golden halter, being led with a rope and driven with a stick. Emperor Wu of Liang laughed when he saw it, knowing that he would never become an official. , which gave up the idea of ??forcing him to become an official.
In the early years of Yongyuan (AD 499-500), Tao Hongjing built a three-story house and lived on the upper floor. Living in the middle floor, visiting guests lived in the lower floor. From then on, he cut off contact with the world and allowed only one servant to serve him. In the fourth year of Zhaitianjian (AD 505), he moved to Jijindongjian. .
Emperor Xiao Yan of Liang Dynasty had a good relationship with him. After he ascended the throne, he was even more kind to him. He kept exchanging letters, as many as several letters a month. , and often sent special envoys or officials to visit him and often send him gifts. Whenever the country encountered good or bad luck, conquest and other major events, it would send people to him for consultation, so people at that time called him the "Prime Minister of the Mountains." .
Tao Hongjing is modest and prudent, sensible and not rigid. He is naturally in line with etiquette whether in officialdom or in private. His mind is as clear as a mirror, and he can immediately understand everything he encounters. His words are not complicated and confusing, and he can immediately detect them if they are. He loves books and novels, advocates strange and extraordinary things, and cherishes natural scenery. The older he gets, the deeper his love becomes. p>
He is particularly good at yin and yang and the five elements, wind angle (the five tones occupy the four winds to determine good and bad luck), star calculation (astrology), mountain and river geography, products of the four directions, and traditional Chinese medicine. He wrote the "Almanac of the Emperor's Dynasty". ”, once created the phenomenon of muddy sky, saying that it was “for the purpose of cultivating Taoism, not only for historians”
The Biography of Tao Hongjing
① Tao Hongjing’s character is clear and he is from Linling, Danyang. He had strange habits when he was four or five years old. When he was a child, he painted gray books in middle school. He didn't know anything and felt deeply ashamed. Although he was in Zhumen, he kept his shadow and did not hand over any foreign objects. He only read the imperial rites and stories. p>② Then it stopped at Juqu Mountain in Jurong. Heng said: "In the past Han Dynasty, there was a master of Sanmao from Xianyang who took charge of this mountain, so it was called Maoshan. "He set up a pavilion in Zhongshan and named himself Huayang Tao Hermitage. He traveled through famous mountains in search of elixirs. He loved the mountains and rivers. Every time he passed through the valley, he would sit and lie down in them, chanting and lingering. He especially loved the wind in the pines. Every time he heard the sound, he would He was delighted and said to his disciples: "When I see Zhumen Guangsha, I recognize its beauty and happiness, but I have no desire to go there. Looking at the high rock and overlooking the vast swamp, I know that it is difficult to stop here, and I have always wanted to do it. Moreover, if you seek salary in the eternal bright future, you will often encounter misfortunes; if you don't get it, how can you do what you are doing today? It's not just the body that has the appearance of an immortal, it's also the fate that makes it happen. ”
③ Hong Jing is a man of tact and modesty. He comes from a spiritual society. His heart is like a mirror, and he is easy to understand when he encounters objects. He has a good nature and writes strange things. He cherishes the situation and is old and profound. He also tried to create phenomena in the sky. About three feet high, the earth is in the center, the sky turns and the earth does not move, and it is moved to meet the sky. It is said that "it is not only used by historians to cultivate Taoism"
④ Shen Yue Dongyang. The governor of the county was so dedicated that he sent many letters to ask for it, but he did not come.
⑤ Since Emperor Wu visited him early, and after he came to the throne, his kindness and courtesy became more and more sincere. He did not come out, but painted two cows. One cow was scattered among the water and the other was wearing a golden halter. Someone was holding a rope and driving it with a stick. Emperor Wu said with a smile: "This man is good at everything and wants to learn how to drag his tail." Turtle, how can it be done? "Every time there is good or bad news in the country, or when there is a major conquest, he always consults the prime minister who is called the prime minister in the mountains.
(Selected from "Southern History·Hermitage", with some modifications)
17. Write out The meaning of the following highlighted words in the sentence.
(4 points)
(1) So it stops at Juqu Mountain in Jurong ( ) (2) Since I have always wanted to reach it（ ）
(3) Old and mature（ ） (4) Use maneuverability ( )
18. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese. (6 points)
(1) I have read more than 10,000 volumes when I was older, but I don’t know anything, and I feel deeply ashamed.
(2) Shen Yue was the governor of Dongyang County. He had high ambitions and integrity.
19. There should be two pauses in the underlined sentence in paragraph 5. Please mark them with "/". (2 points)
Every time there is good or bad luck in the country, or when there is a major conquest, I always consult with you, and people call me the prime minister in the mountains
20. According to the meaning of the text, summarize the reasons why Tao Hongjing lived in seclusion. (2 points)
21. What are the respective meanings of the two cows painted by Tao Hongjing, and what does he want to express through them? (3 points)
Reference answer
17. (1) Stop: live (2) Jiu: approach, go (3) Du: deep, very (4) Move: use Eat...turn
18. (1) When he grew up, he read more than 10,000 books. If he didn't understand something, he would be ashamed of it. (1 point each for attributive postpositions and omitted sentences) (2) Shen Yue served as the governor of Dongyang County. He believed that his ambition and integrity were noble, and he wrote many times to invite him (to become an official), but (he) never accept. (1 point each for high, tired, and necessary)
19. Every time there is good or bad news in the country, he always goes to consult him/when people call him the prime minister in the mountains.
20. Tao Hongjing likes to live in seclusion with natural mountains and rivers by nature, and has a noble nature (1 point); although he was talented and cautious when he was an official, he inevitably made mistakes, so he returned to seclusion to avoid the harm of officialdom. . (1 point)
21. Cattle that roam freely among water and grass are as free as those who live in seclusion among mountains and rivers; cattle with golden halters are like those who are officials, although they are in the Wealthy, yet driven. (2 points) Tao Hongjing wanted to tell Emperor Wu of Liang that he would rather live in seclusion in the mountains than serve as an official. (1 point)
Translation 1
Tao Hongjing, whose courtesy name was Tongming, was from Moling County, Danyang County (now Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province). Since childhood, Tao Hongjing has had a unique character and ambition. When I was four or five years old, I often used reed as a pen and learned calligraphy while painting in clay. When he grew up, he read more than 10,000 books. If he didn't understand something, he would be ashamed of it. When he was less than twenty years old, he was recommended as "the king's attendant" and granted him the official position of "invitation from the court". Although he lives in a powerful family, he always hides his presence, does not interact with the outside world, and just reads every day. Most matters related to etiquette and rules and regulations in the court were decided by him. In the tenth year of Yongming's reign, he took off his court clothes and hung them on the Shenwu Gate, and submitted a memorial to resign from his official post. The emperor issued an edict granting his request.
He lived in seclusion on Juqu Mountain in Jurong County. He often said: "In the past, there were Xianxi Sanmaojun in the Han Dynasty. After they gained Taoism, they came to take charge of this mountain, so they called it Maoshan." So he built a house in the middle of the mountain and called it "Huayang Tao". Seclusion”. He traveled to various famous mountains in search of elixirs. He naturally loves mountains and rivers. Whenever he passes by mountains, streams, valleys and other places, he will sit or lie there, chant poems, and linger for a long time. His excitement is difficult to calm down. He especially loved the sound of the wind and waves among the pines. When he heard the sound of the pines and waves, he couldn't help but feel happy in his heart. He said to his disciples: "I saw the rich and powerful's home, the luxurious mansion. Although I had seen the joy of luxury, I had no desire for it. Looking at the high mountains in the distance and overlooking the vast lake, (although) I knew it was hard to fit in. Living, but often want to be close to them. And when I was an official in the Yongming Dynasty, I always got mistakes; (but) if it were not like that, how could (I) be able to do what I am doing today? Is it just me? The reason why I have the divine body and divination is because I obey the trend."
Tao Hongjing is modest and prudent in reciting principles without being rigid. Peach's heart is as clear as a mirror, and he can immediately understand anything he encounters.
By nature, he likes books and novels, admires strange and extraordinary things, and cherishes natural scenery. The older he gets, the deeper his love becomes. An armillary sphere was also built, which was more than three feet high. In the middle of the globe set, the celestial spheres rotated but the globe did not. A machine was used to make it rotate, and all the celestial spheres converged with it. He said, "I created the Huntian phenomenon for the purpose of cultivating Taoism. It is not only used by historians."
Shen Yue is serving as the governor of Dongyang County. Because he respected his ambition and integrity, he wrote many times to invite him (to serve as an official), but he never accepted.
Emperor Liang Wu had a good relationship with him in the past. After he ascended the throne, he was even more kind to him. He kept exchanging letters and often sent special envoys to visit him and give him gifts. go. But he did not serve as an official. He just painted two cows. One cow was roaming freely among the water plants, and the other cow was wearing a golden halter. Someone was holding a rope and driving it away with a stick. Emperor Wu of Liang smiled and said: "There is nothing that this person will not do. If he wants to imitate the tortoise dragging his tail, how can he be summoned to serve in the palace by me?" Whenever there is an auspicious conquest in the country, he must I will come to him for consultation. At that time, people called him the Prime Minister of the Mountain.
Translation 2:
Outside You'anmen, ten miles to the south is Caoqiao. There are springs in the radius of ten miles. There used to be Wanfu Temple here during the Li and Tang Dynasties, but the temple has collapsed. , only the grass bridge is left, but the spring water is still there, and the water plants and lotus flowers grow luxuriantly. During the Tianqi period, a Bixia Yuanjun Temple was built north of Caoqiao. In April every year, tourists gather here to collect money for drinking and gambling, and it takes more than ten days to stop. The soil here is suitable for the growth of flowers and trees because of the spring water, so the locals make planting flowers and plants their profession. The burden of urban people selling flowers is always hundreds or even thousands, and they are picked into the city to sell from seven to nine o'clock every morning.
The earliest plum blossoms in the spring season are plum blossoms, followed by camellias, then daffodils, and spring flowers. In mid-spring, the earliest flowers are peach and plum blossoms, followed by begonia flowers, and then lilac flowers. In late spring, the earliest flowers are peonies, followed by peonies, and then yizhi flowers. In summer, except for pomegranate flowers, they are all herbal flowers. Flowers with five colors include hollyhocks, poppies, and impatiens; flowers with one flower with three colors are cockscombs; flowers with two colors are hostas; flowers with single color include ten sisters, muskia, and winter-autumn flowers; and there are cold-resistant red flowers. White polka dots, rhododendrons and gold flowers that are not cold-tolerant, and begonias that are cold-tolerant but not frost-tolerant. Osmanthus is a southern species with the smallest quantity; chrysanthemum is a northern species with the largest quantity. Growing chrysanthemums from spring to summer is more laborious than growing crops. Chrysanthemums are prone to diseases, and there are more pests on chrysanthemums than on crops. Gardeners have worked hard day and night for half a year, so that they have enough food and clothing for the whole year.
Only Caoqiao produces winter flowers. Cut off the branches of flowers and trees that bloom in spring, summer and autumn, hide them in the earth cellar, and then use a fire pit to heat them. In mid-October, peonies can be brought to the palace as tribute. On the first day of the new year, chun buds and cucumbers are worshiped. This greenhouse cultivation technology has been around since the Han Dynasty. In the gardens of the Han Dynasty, various vegetables such as onions, leeks, and green vegetables were planted in winter, and greenhouses were built and fires were lit day and night. All kinds of vegetables can grow with the right temperature. When Shao Xinchen was in charge of the Shaofu, he believed that this vegetable was out of season and should not be offered to the royal family. It stopped after writing a letter to the emperor.
Caoqiao is ten miles away from Fengtai, with many pavilions and pavilions in between. Many of these pavilions are located in gardens beside the water. Wanliutang of Lian Xixian, a famous minister of the Yuan Dynasty, Baoguating of Counselor Zhao, and Wanfang Pavilion of Li Yuanshi are all within sight, but there is no direction or ruins, and no one knows its specific location.
He is good at the Taoist practice of fasting without food and guiding the light body, and he still looks very strong when he is over eighty years old. He greatly admired Zhang Liang's conduct in the Han Dynasty and said that he was "the most powerful person in history."
During the Jianwu period (AD 494), Xiao Keng, King of Yidu of Qi State, was killed by Emperor Ming Xiao Luan at the age of eighteen. That night, Tao Hongjing dreamed that Xiao Keng came to say goodbye to him, letting him know what happened after Xiao Keng went to the Netherworld and gained many secrets. Later, he wrote these secrets into the book "Dream Notes".
Xiao Gang, who later became Emperor Wen of Jian Dynasty, was serving as governor in southern Xuzhou (AD 520-523). Because he admired his style and qualities, he summoned him to the back hall and talked with him for several days before leaving. go. Xiao Gang respected him very much and thought he was a strange and extraordinary person.
He once dreamed that the Buddha gave him a prophecy, saying that he could realize Bodhi and achieve the right fruition, and cultivate to become a powerful Bodhisattva. So he went to the tourist