The guiding ideology and theoretical basis of the experiment;
Follow the principle of "three orientations" and embody the position of "teachers are the dominant and students are the main body"; "Teachers should aim at students' anti-evils. "
In essence, we must stimulate students' initiative and guide them to explore by themselves as much as possible "(in Lv Shuxiang).
First, the experimental content:
1. Six types of classroom teaching.
The reform of classroom teaching mode is the core of Chinese teaching reform. There are six types of classes: overview class, reading guidance class, self-study class, extended reading class and self-study class.
And composition class.
(1) Overview category: (category I) is unit lesson preparation.
Teachers guide students to learn unit tips, training focuses and preview tips in each class.
Grasp the teaching objectives and training points of this unit. Distribute the preview form in advance so that students can complete all the requirements in the form. Students can discuss the difficult parts.
In the solution, the unsolvable part can be filled in the "difficult problem" column of the form. Teachers collect students' difficult questions, prepare lessons, and be aware of them.
Count.
(2) Introductory course: generally one class, * * * is divided into five major links.
Content arrangement
time
The space between/between/between/rooms.
Activity form
Five minutes oral training before class
About five minutes.
Speech theory
practise
Basic knowledge part
About 5 ~ 8 minutes
Use your brain to remember, write and move.
Oral theory
Reading analysis part
There are 20 to 25 minutes left.
Analyze with your head.
correct
Knowledge transfer part
About 8 minutes
Think, write and act.
Oral theory
A. Oral training: 5 minutes before the lecture, let students practice oral English.
Oral training should be planned, targeted and clear in content. According to each grade
In fact, students have made a good training plan, requiring students to express their views clearly, use correct words, describe completely and have a loud voice.
The content can be determined according to the textbook, such as telling a story, portraying a character, writing a landscape and telling a truth. There is also learning ancient poetry and classical Chinese.
Let the students recite the aphorism and say what it means. There are various forms, which can be discussed in groups or individuals. Teachers and students can comment on whether they speak well.
Students' oral training, the team leader should make a good record.
B. after the teacher points out the topic, he can put forward the learning goal or guide the students to find out the learning goal of this article. (brain training)
C. Basic knowledge: It takes 5-8 minutes for students to complete the following contents by themselves: ① Write out the author, main works, source and genre of the article and pass it.
Silent reading and memory (handwriting training). (2) Read the text prompts silently to understand the writing background (brain training). (3) Use dictionaries or other reference books for students.
Pronounce words and explain new words. If you can't solve it personally, you can discuss it in groups (hands-on and oral training).
In this way, all the problems that students can solve by themselves are solved by themselves, and the real "things" are returned to their original owners, and teachers will never replace them.
D. reading analysis part:
① Perceive the general content of the text as a whole, and find out the connection between the parts of the text. Understand the main idea and central meaning of the text from its content.
Understand the author's attitude and viewpoint.
② Find sentences, paragraphs, vivid words and phrases from the text, and give reasons for being "good".
③ Analyze the structure, central expression and application techniques of the article.
The above questions are all exercises to guide students to think and speak. Teachers can design thinking training questions and then discuss them in groups.
Give an answer.
The success of a class depends largely on the quality of thinking training questions designed by teachers. "Discussion points or discussion outlines must be in the question.
Be fully prepared before "(Ye Shengtao). The discussion outline is like a clue, which runs through the textbook and the whole classroom teaching. It's going to explode.
The training objectives and knowledge points of the current textbooks are shown in the table below:
body
incision
Key points of training problem design
Design basis of training problems
narrate
Material selection, layout, planning and transportation of articles
1. Description before the text
Main technologies used
Key points of practice
Argumentative writing
Central argument, applied argument and theory
2. Thinking exercises after class
Methods and processes of syndrome differentiation, etc.
utilize
Explanatory genre
Characteristics, interpretation methods and theories of things.
3. The teaching purpose of the text
Ming sequence, etc.
mark
The difficulty of designing training questions focuses on ordinary students, and about three questions are appropriate. For example, training designed for "keep trying"
Title:
(1) Which sentence in the article is the author's opinion? (that is, the central argument of the article) (2) Why did the author put forward this view?
How to understand? What is the clear solution to the problem in this paper? (Demonstration process)
After the question is raised, the group discussion and cooperation are completed. In this process, teachers patrol and check, or stay in groups to collect all kinds of information, teachers and
Time feedback correction. To do the following:
(1) General questions, students do it themselves.
② Students discuss and do difficult problems.
A text is generally a text (it is both important and difficult to control the whole text in design). Teachers can completely let students cross the ocean and express themselves.
Views. Can spread, but we must find the right time to collect, make the finishing point, in order to really get the effect of "bright future"
(3) Problems that students do after class.
For example, in One Side, students ask: "From the perspective of Lu Xun's life, why do you say that the older he is, the more tenacious he is?" It is difficult for the teacher to fully understand at the moment.
You can leave encouraging words.
The above practices have changed the traditional practice of teachers imparting knowledge in the classroom, such as grading, analyzing paragraphs, analyzing texts and summarizing.
Theme, inductive writing characteristics and so on. The stereotyped teaching is gone, and the initiative is given to students, who are teachers' ever-changing teaching methods.
The method is fresh. Learning with great interest, thinking is always in a state of excitement, and students can gain something by using their brains, mouth and hands.
Get twice the result with half the effort. Of course, paying attention to practice does not deny the teacher's "speaking", but less but better, which plays the role of "inspiration" and enlightenment.
Hair, not everything, only in this way can we play the leading role of teachers.
E. knowledge transfer ability training part.
Closely follow the teaching objectives, carry out ability training, draw inferences from others, and systematically sort out the knowledge learned. Students should complete one or more of the following.
(1) Compare with the learned text and find out the similarities and differences;
(2) Tell your views on this text and your learning gains;
(3) Tell a short story with a set of beautiful words and phrases in this article or this unit;
(4) Say a paragraph with the main expression or structural framework of this article;
⑤ Tell me about your learning methods and how to express them.
In short, the general requirements of the above three parts are: basic knowledge: teachers prompt and students practice; Reading comprehension; Teachers and students ask questions, discuss and answer; know
Knowledge transfer: stick to the goal and concentrate on training.
(3) Self-reading class: (one class) First, guide students to learn self-reading tips before class.
Understand the learning objectives, key points and difficulties, and then let go.
Students complete the teaching objectives by reading, speaking, writing and discussing, and finally do exercises after class to consolidate their knowledge.
(4) Extended reading class: (one class) After each reading guidance text, add 4 ~ 6 articles.
Read articles, mainly selected from People's Education Press.
Read the textbook by yourself. Under the guidance of the teacher, let students use all kinds of knowledge and abilities gained in the teaching process of intensive reading of texts to draw inferences from others and expand the reading volume. This is not only
It can consolidate and expand the knowledge you have learned, fully develop your self-study ability and increase your interest in learning Chinese. 500 selected articles for expanding reading in junior high school.
(5) Self-completion class: (1) For the goals mentioned in the overview class, such as knowledge points,
Key points, difficulties, etc. So that students can use their brains, words,
Hands-on, leak detection, review and consolidation, and systematize the knowledge learned by filling in the knowledge network diagram. You should also use training questions to perform unit tests.
Students exchange scores, and if there is any problem with feedback, teachers and students will correct them together to complete the teaching task of this unit.
(6) Composition class: We think that "composition" is mainly for students to read and write, and the teacher's "recognition" is only "
The role of the wizard. Tutoring class integrates tutoring, writing and correcting.
At the beginning of each semester, teachers make a composition teaching plan according to the requirements of the syllabus and the contents of the teaching materials, so as to guide students to achieve "serialization" in composition requirements.
The topic of writing should be targeted, and students should use corresponding writing routines.
(2) According to the composition topic, combined with the learning writing methods, teachers guide students to master the writing objectives. Students talk orally about the general framework and content of the article.
About fifteen minutes.
(3) Students write for about 50 minutes.
(4) composition review, changing the past practice of batch rectification and adopting two methods: the first method (20 minutes) is to distribute students' homework.
This book, in groups of four, is reviewed under the unified guidance of the teacher. In order to unify the standards, teachers can watch an exercise first, and teachers and students can discuss it together and grade it well.
Count, then comment on each other in the group, write good comments and score well. In the second method, the teacher first browses all the compositions and chooses one or two of them purposefully.
, teachers and students together * * * marking; Finally, let the students compare other people's articles and say what you think is good, bad and your opinion.
Why is it better to change it?
⑤ Teachers sum up their achievements and point out the existing problems. Students rearrange their articles.
In this way, students learn from each other, make progress together, and improve their writing level and appreciation level.
2. Strengthen training, improve students' ability and develop good study habits.
Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "Reading and writing, absorption and expression, one is to enter, from the outside to the inside; One is the outside, from the inside out ... constantly.
Only through study and practice can we form good habits and really learn skills. To this end, the school has formulated a reading and training plan. Throughout junior high school,
Each student should do 80 hours of "speaking" training in class and read 800 articles outside the textbook (one article 1500 words or so); Except for normal work.
Copy or write 25 outside the text.
An article of ten thousand words; Hard pen calligraphy practice is nearly100000 words; Self-run handwritten newspaper 80 issues (8K paper layout); Learning ancient poems 240
First, 80 articles in classical Chinese; 160 epigram; Read China Weekly and Sunflower, the school newspaper; Take part in recitation, oral composition contest, etc. Its concrete reality
The method is:
(1) The school has a Chinese laboratory where students study two classes every week.
It aims to increase students' reading capacity and expand their reading ability in a planned way.
Knowledge, and improve students' writing level by extracting, imitating writing and talking about experience.
There are three combinations in choosing the learning content: one is to choose other works of the learned writers in combination with the textbook text; Second, combined with writing,
According to different grades, choose narrative, explanatory, argumentative, etc. Corresponding to the teaching materials; The third is the combination with knowledge accumulation, beautiful words and accurate words.
Rhetoric methods, rich customs, etc. It is the object of students' dabbling.
Self-study is the main way of learning, and appropriate communication is organized; Give priority to writing reading notes, and imitate or write post-reading feelings appropriately.
(2) There is a wall newspaper column in the school, and each class has its own garden.
Every student writes a handwritten newspaper every two weeks and posts the selected newspaper in his garden.
On the battlefield. Students can use their spare time to study, learn from each other's strengths, and the school regularly evaluates and commends advanced students.
Through self-run handwritten newspapers, students have been trained in various skills: publishing articles expressing their feelings, choosing necessary aphorisms and introducing various kinds.
Lack of knowledge, which "forces" students to choose materials and conceive; In order to make a good layout, students have to design problems, layout, and even for safety.
Layout, you need to calculate the number of words and layout area; Of course, the first impression is how well the handwriting is. We must write the words square and clear.
Knowing clearly that ... running handwritten newspapers well has greatly improved students' actual Chinese level.
(3) In order to improve students' writing level, the Chinese teacher recommended the hard pen Copybook for calligraphy.
Let the students copy. Write 400 words a week, and the school specializes in printing.
Hard-pen calligraphy paper, each 100 words. Grades and schools regularly conduct appraisal, experience exchange and excellent works exhibition. As the saying goes, "in a word, it takes a hundred days", pass
After a year of persistent calligraphy training, students' calligraphy level has been greatly improved, such as Chen Jiao and others in our school.
A classmate held a junior high school in gaomi city Teaching and Research Section.
Students won the first prize in the hard pen calligraphy competition, and the school won the award-winning unit award.
(4) What can improve students' writing level? By accumulating knowledge and writing training.
We make full use of reading in the laboratory, reading after class,
Classroom study and other opportunities allow students to read and write more, and require students to copy or write articles of about 400 words every day, regardless of style. I'm a junior and I'm studying.
When reading a book, let them extract, abbreviate and expand. When they are older, they can do more composition training and learn how to write articles they have read. From 1995
In the experimental class, it is grade two, and the students' oral composition and writing level are obviously higher than those of previous grades.
1996 Du Cong won the first prize in the junior middle school students' oral composition competition held in our city. Gaomi city State Taxation Bureau and gaomi city Education Commission jointly organized.
Wang Xiaolin and other four students in our school won the prize for their essay "Taxation Connected with Thousands of Households". In the essay "Me and Three Journals and Three Newspapers" organized by Gaomi Town Education Committee,
Five students, including Zhao Xiaohua, won the prize.
(5) In order to effectively expand students' knowledge,
Enriched the five-minute training content in class, and the school supplemented some learning content: 100 ancient poems.
Ancient prose 100, epigram 100.
Students are required to learn two ancient poems and an epigram every week and one classical Chinese every two weeks. The study of ancient poetry and classical Chinese
Ask the students to know the new words, understand the meaning, grasp the main idea of the article, and recite some of the contents. Learning epigrams requires students to understand the meaning and recite it.
Recite and quote correctly in oral composition or writing.
Second, the experimental effect:
The experiment of this subject started from 1995 to 1 in our school. 1995 10
On-the-spot meeting of Chinese teaching reform in gaomi city was held in our school in June, and the Chinese teaching reform has been
Forming; 1996 6
A seminar on the reform of Chinese classroom teaching in middle schools in eastern Guangdong Province was held in our city. Our school provided the scene for the meeting and introduced the experience.
Shao was well received by experts and leaders attending the meeting.
And pointed out the direction of future efforts; 1996 10, our school also participated in the project as a pilot unit of Chinese teaching reform.
Participate in Weifang comprehensive liberal arts seminar and submit written materials to the conference; 1996 12 was awarded as "gaomi city Chinese Teaching Reform Characteristic School".
The experimental results are summarized as follows:
1. Through the reform experiment, teachers have completely changed the old teaching concept and trained and brought up a group of Chinese backbone teachers who are teaching.
Great progress has been made in ideological theory, teaching reform and professional quality, which has laid a solid foundation for deepening reform in the next stage.
2. "Practice-oriented" reform, teachers in "fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students, let students use their brains, words and hands" to make a fuss, plus
Strengthen the training of listening, speaking, reading and writing, so that students can learn from reading, writing, listening, speaking and speaking in strict Chinese.
In basic training, improve Chinese ability.
In an oral composition class in the experimental class, the topic of the composition was "Talking about Writing", and the teacher asked the students to write an argumentative essay in the form of the text "Talking about Qin".
Ten minutes later, the students rushed to speak, with clear views and strong arguments, which fully showed their good reading literacy and life.
Jump thinking quality, won praise.
3. Through the reform, in order to play the role of "teaching-oriented", teachers have fully implemented the requirements of the Chinese teaching syllabus. "training-oriented"
It is the requirement of the new syllabus, and it has clear requirements for cultivating students' listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities. It also points out in particular: "Between reading, writing, listening and speaking,
The two are closely related and promote each other. In teaching, individual training or combined training can be carried out. ""write correctly and use words clearly.
Chu said that the text should be read clearly, the exercises should be done solidly, and the composition should be completed seriously. "In order to accomplish the above tasks, teachers
When preparing lessons, the content of listening, speaking, reading and writing should be listed as the training focus and put into practice.
The Chinese teaching reform experiment of "thinking, speaking and doing, focusing on practice" has greatly promoted Chinese teaching in our school. 1995, the fifth in the town
In the final exam of middle school, our school ranked first in the town in Chinese; 65438+1April 3, 1996, the city's teaching quality inspection,
Our school's Chinese scores are still listed.
The first in the city; 1997 65438+ the third day of October,
Our school still ranks first in Chinese. Of course, quality education can't be measured only by exam results.
Yes 1994 only three students were awarded at the city and county levels, 1995 awarded 15 students at the city and county levels and above;
The scope involves writing and books.
Methods, speeches, etc. Among them, Cheng Xiaoyan's "The Bitterness and Joy of Opening the Door" won the first prize in the Seventh National Composition Competition for Middle School Students, and Zangkun won the Shandong Primary and Secondary School Award.
Learn the calligraphy works of teachers and students "the first prize of junior high school students' calligraphy". 1997 Sunflower, the school newspaper, was rated as the best school newspaper by the National Chinese Language Association.