Yizhou Fossil Museum, founded in 1994, is the first paleontological fossil museum in Liaoning Province and an advanced unit of national stone culture. 1996 was officially accepted by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources (now the Ministry of Land and Resources) as "Liaoxi Branch of geological museum, China". The museum has collected nearly 10,000 fossils and exhibited more than 200 fine works. After several years of development, the museum has five exhibition halls: dinosaurs, animals, plants, popular science movies and calligraphy and painting.
The dinosaur exhibition hall shows the largest dinosaur fossil in Liaoning Province-the Yangzhou Dragon Fossil.
The fossils of China Shenzhou birds in the animal exhibition hall fully prove that Yixian is the earliest place for birds to take off in the world. Others, such as Confucius birds, Manchurian crocodiles, red dragons, pterosaurs and so on. As big as a 2-meter-long fish fossil dish, as small as a spider less than 1 cm, as big as 1 dish with 9 parrots, as small as a rare mammal-reptile, it can be described as dazzling and colorful.
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The first flower found in the world-Liaoning ancient fruit fossil, early angiosperm China ancient fruit fossil, sessile ginkgo fossil and various plant fossil specimens are displayed in the plant exhibition hall, arranged from low to high. Li Xingxue, a senior academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, wrote "The World of Ancient Plants in Western Liaoning" for him, which reflected the level and grade of the exhibition hall.
The popular science film and television hall regularly plays popular science films introducing dinosaurs and fossil excavation sites by using advanced equipment such as large-screen projection and multimedia.
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The Painting and Calligraphy Exhibition Hall has a collection of works by Mo Bao, leaders at all levels and many famous calligraphers.
Since its opening, Yizhou Fossil Museum has received hundreds of thousands of visitors, including a large number of experts and scholars at home and abroad, which has played a positive role in promoting geological research and improving national cultural quality. The museum and the Education Bureau organized a visit to local primary and secondary school students to let them know how fossils were formed and what role fossils played in human beings. Yizhou Fossil Museum has also been named as "Jinzhou Science Popularization Education Base", "Liaoning Science Popularization Base" and "China Paleontology Society Science Popularization Base", and has established cooperative relations with universities and scientific research units such as China Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shenyang Normal University and Liaoning University of Engineering Science.
Painting and calligraphy collection exhibition hall
Collection collection
Conditions for biological transformation into fossils
Most living things cannot be preserved as fossils after death. There are three conditions for biological transformation into fossils: ① skeleton has strong anti-decay and anti-dissolution ability; ② Rapid burial; ③ Special burial conditions can reduce the process of corpse destruction.
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cockroach
Cockroaches, commonly known as cockroaches, belong to Insecta. There are about 3,700 known species in the world, most of which are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and a few in temperate regions. 240 species belonging to 60 genera of 18 families have been recorded in China, which are distributed all over the country.
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Circumferential chondrosarcoma
It is a large class of invertebrates in Jehol biota. It belongs to the family Oncidae of crayfish. The first gastropod of male individuals is rod-shaped, and the second gastropod is not specialized. The female has the structure of abdominal ring groove.
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jehol biota
At the turn of Jurassic-Cretaceous, a unique biogeographic flora appeared in East Asia, including most of northern China and some southeast coasts, southern Mongolia and Lake Baikal outside Russia. This biogeographic region is characterized by rich and colorful terrestrial animals and plants, such as ostracods, ostracods, bivalves, gastropods, fish, turtles, insects, reptiles, mammals and plants. They constitute the famous Mesozoic continental fossil group in East Asia-"Jehol Biota".
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Swamp dragonfly
Large insects. The front wing and the rear wing have an upper triangular chamber, a triangular chamber and a sub-triangular chamber. There are 3 ~ 4 transverse veins under the wing nevus, which lives in swamps and lakeshore, has strong flying ability, preys on weak insects, and its larvae live in water.
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China Pavilion
Odonata Large insect with obvious spots on its wings. Larvae have slender feet, live at the bottom of the lake, and feed on weak fish and aquatic insects.
Li E
Large insects. The insect body is 2.2 cm long, the front wing is 7.3 cm long, and there are obvious transverse shoulder veins, and the wing tips have formed hair-like neat lines. It has a certain flying ability and lives by preying on weak larvae.
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Chat Zen
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Large insects of Cicadaceae in ancient times. The adults of this insect live on the trunk of gymnosperms, and the larvae live in the soil.
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Akira
Palaeontological classification
The taxonomic units of paleontology, like the current biological taxonomy, are generally divided into two systems: animal kingdom and plant kingdom, and some people suggest that they be divided into "monera kingdom" and "fungi kingdom". Below the boundary, it is divided into phylum, class, order, family, genus, species and various auxiliary units, which are marked as "sub" and "super", indicating that they are lower or higher than the corresponding units (comprehensive). Due to the limitation of paleontological fossil data and the different degree of research, not every creature is so perfect, so it is customary to use the general concept of "class".
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Not an insect, but also an arthropod. Spiders belong to the chelated class, and belong to the same family as scorpions and horseshoe crabs. Their physical characteristics are four pairs of feet.
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Pan Shi sturgeon skeleton restoration map
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Beipiao sturgeon
It is a cartilaginous scleroderma, belonging to the order Acipenser, which is widely distributed in western Liaoning. It is the earliest sturgeon-shaped fish fossil found in China, and its individual is small. The most striking feature that distinguishes it from other sturgeon-shaped fish is that its body surface is completely naked.
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Primitive white sturgeon
It belongs to sturgeon, sturgeon. It has a long nose and a big mouth. The dorsal fin is behind the ventral fin, the caudal fin is normal, and there are prismatic scales on the caudal fin, which are generally large. The snout gradually narrows forward and the front end is shovel-shaped. The sturgeon fossils in western Liaoning are not only the earliest known sturgeon, but also the most intact and abundant sturgeon in the world.
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Dai's wolf fin fish
The body is spindle-shaped, the back is straight, and the maximum height is between the pectoral fin and the ventral fin. The body height is about 65438+ 0.5 of the body length, and the body length is about 3.5 times of the head length. The head height is almost equal to the body length, so it is a freshwater fish. Wolf-finned fish is a primitive true bone fish, belonging to the superfamily of bone-tongued fish and the order Wolf-finned fish. It is the most abundant and widely distributed fish from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in northern China.
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Murai's wolf fin fish
The body is spindle-shaped, the head is short, the head length is smaller than the body height, the frontal bone is short, and the odontoid coronoid process is obvious. Its teeth are large, its frontal bone is short and wide, and its dentate bone has obvious coronal process, which is different from Big Big Wolf.
Fragile Yizhou toad
The individual is small, 6.3cm from the hip, and it is the smallest tailless Mesozoic fossil found in China so far.
Orthomorphic specimen
When studying a new biological species, researchers will designate one or some specimens as the criteria for identifying and describing the species. These specimens are called "type specimens". Normal specimen refers to the only specimen designated by the original researcher in the original article, and all future studies should be based on it. Normal specimens may not be complete, and there may be one or some subtypes to supplement the incomplete parts of normal specimens. In the future research, the specimens classified into this species are not "type specimens", even if they are complete and beautiful, they can only be called "classified specimens". The exquisite Yizhou toad above is a normal specimen.
frog
Frog belongs to an extremely specialized posture among vertebrates. Similar to birds, complete frog fossils are extremely rare in the world.
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Zhao Xianglong
The fossil of gliding lizard is a new and important discovery in the Jehol biota in western Liaoning, which has attracted extensive international attention in recent years. It is the only lizard fossil species that can glide in the evolutionary history of lizards for more than 200 million years. This lizard, which lived in the jungle about1.300 million years ago, should have strong adaptability, not only climbing in the Woods, but also gliding in the air. This specimen is about 15 cm long and has complete bone and skin impressions. There are eight long ribs on both sides of the body extending to the side of the body, which support the skin outside the ribs to spread out and form a wing-like wing membrane. This ancient gliding lizard was named Zhao Xianglong to thank Professor Zhao Dayu, president of Shenyang Normal University, for his great efforts and contributions to promoting paleontology research.
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Sagittarius dwarf
1942, Japanese scholars Takashi Endo and Shikama Tokio named a lizard fossil in Zaocishan, Yixian County as Sagittarius parvus. This orthomorphic specimen represents the only lizard fossil in the Jehol fauna of China, and its whereabouts were unknown during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. 200 1, a well-preserved lizard fossil was found in the Jingangshan layer of Yixian formation in Jingangshan. This specimen is almost the same as Sagittarius orthomorphic specimen in size and morphological characteristics. Mount Kumgang and Zaoci are adjacent, and the fossil horizon is exactly the same. As the orthographic specimen of Sagittarius parviflora in Zaocishan has been lost, the specimen of Mount Kumgang is a new specimen of this species, which greatly promotes the development and evolution of lizard fossils.
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Manchurian crocodile
Medium-sized crocodile reptiles, semi-aquatic animals that feed on small fish, amphibians and invertebrates, are relatively primitive crocodile types.
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Pijiagou Yike Zhaolong
It is a long-nosed dinosaur found in Jiufotang Formation in Pijiagou, Yixian County, Liaoning Province. It has the following characteristics compared with other kinds of Ikezhaolong: the yoke bone extends forward to about half of the lacrimal bone; The track spacing is smaller than the track short diameter; Non-union of posterior orbital bone and posterior frontal bone; The anterior process of iliac bone flap is underdeveloped and the neck does not contract; The ratio of radius and tibia of limbs to humerus and femur is relatively small.
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Ionic Chiroptera
It is a monophyletic aquatic reptile (only this animal has a common ancestor, including all offspring), and people have known little about this group for more than 100 years. In recent 20 years, 9 genera have been confirmed to belong to this group, and our understanding of this kind of animals is getting deeper and deeper. Their geographical and historical distribution lasted at least 654.38+900 million years from the Late Triassic to the Late Oligocene. Geographical distribution from western North America through Europe and Asia to Japan, from subtropical areas to the Arctic.
Ganlongbaitaigou
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Manchurian turtle
The Northeast Turtle is a member of the suborder Tortoiseridae in China. Its carapace is relatively low and flat, and its abdominal armor is cross-shaped.
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Red dragon
Red dragon looks very strange-more than two meters long, with thin legs, sickle-shaped claws on the toes in the middle, and bundles of rod-shaped bones on the long tail, which makes the tail stiff. However, what really sets this creature apart is not its body frame, but what it is covered with: it is covered with soft fluff and primitive feathers from head to toe.
Nomenclature of paleontology
The naming of paleontology is generally related to its morphology, structure, related names and place names, such as spindle worm, ancient cup with lattice, Liaoning branch of Bo's family, Baitaigou Hidden Dragon, etc. But the naming of scientific names is much more standardized.
Shi Hao Chinese Bird Dragon
Buried in the stratum of Yixian Formation in Toutaigou, Yixian County, western Liaoning Province, it is the third feathered dinosaur found in western Liaoning Province of China after the Chinese dragon bird and the tail feather dragon, belonging to the national first-class protected fossil. The Chinese ornithosaurus fossils discovered by Hao not only supplement some characteristics of the Chinese ornithosaurus, but also enrich the species of the dinosaur fossils in the Jehol biota, which provides useful information for further study of related biostratigraphy.
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Parrot beak dragon larva
Parrot-billed dragon is a small dinosaur, which walks on two feet, with a short, wide and high head and a curved kiss like a parrot's beak, hence the name. This fossil is vividly called "the nursery of dinosaurs". The skulls of these parrot-billed dinosaurs healed loosely and the bone seams were obvious, reflecting that they were a group of newborn babies. Its discovery proves that dinosaurs raised their young.
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Skin impression of parrot-billed dragon
The skin of dinosaurs was covered with small scales, which were polygonal and inlaid together, and the shapes and sizes of different parts changed slightly.
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pterosaur
Pterosaur was a winged reptile from Jurassic to Cretaceous. Pterosaurs generally live in relatively open places, such as the seaside and lakeside, catching fish and other foods. They were the air overlords at that time.
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Pterosaurs of northern Cui Shi
The pterodactyl's spread wings are about half a meter long, and the most precious thing is that the pterodactyl teeth in fossils are clearly visible. The preserved pterosaur fossils are unique in the world.
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mammal
Mammals are the animals we are most familiar with, occupying a dominant position in modern terrestrial ecosystems, including our common cats, dogs, horses, cows and humans themselves, as well as our uncommon kangaroos, koalas and platypus. About 220 million years ago, the earliest mammals and the earliest dinosaurs appeared on the earth almost at the same time. It is generally believed that early mammals were too timid and too small to compete with their contemporaries. In 2005, a strong reptile was found in the abdominal cavity of western Liaoning, which showed that some mammals had been able to hunt small dinosaurs as early as 65.438+0.3 billion years ago, thus changing this traditional concept.
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A strong reptile
An animal with reptilian characteristics. They have strong and sharp incisors on their skulls, developed temporal muscles and sunken masseter fossa on their jaws. They are carnivorous mammals, walking in broad daylight and even competing with dinosaurs for food and land.
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China Shenzhou Pirates Dragon
The forelimbs are obviously longer than the hind limbs, and the transition characteristics to wings are obvious. Its flying feathers are obviously longer than the body, which clearly preserves the body feathers, tail feathers and flying feathers, and has strong flying ability. The wishbone is V-shaped, the upper and lower jaws are toothless, and the first toe of the hind limb is not forward and backward.
Large-scale group calisthenics with the theme of China God Bird-Flying Bird (10th Liaoning Games)
Confucius bird
It is an ancient genus of birds. According to the geological formation history of unearthed sites, this bird lived about 65.438+0.25 billion years ago to 65.438+0.65438+0 billion years ago. This is the earliest known bird with toothless horny beak. 1994, Confucius bird was found in the late Jurassic strata in western Liaoning, which broke the situation that the German archaeopteryx unified the ancestor of birds. Since then, fossils of several stages of early evolution of birds have been found in western Liaoning, and a complete evolutionary series has been formed from China Shenzhou Bird, Protoarchaeopteryx, Confucius Bird and other fossils.
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Yi county Golden State Bird
The medium-sized Confucius bird has a long and low head, a thick and long snout, a small skull and a small eye hole. The length of the snout in front of the eye hole is more than half of the total length of the skull.
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China Ornamental Stone yi county
Huaxia bird
It is one of the earliest Mesozoic birds found in Chaoyang area. It is small, its skull rarely heals, its head is big, its kiss is long and low, and it has teeth.
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Bir Han's bird
Belongs to the anti-bird, the mandible and the oral bone are slender, the oral bone tip is curved, and the dentition has only a few teeth at the tip of the mouth. Judging from the shape of the skull, the long-billed bird may eat by sticking its mouth.
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Ge Yi Shi Xianniao
Today, birds belong to the order Chaoyang and the genus Yixian. Individuals are of medium size. The length of the head is about 1.5 times the width of the head, and the bones behind the head are long and slender. Dentate bone has teeth and short teeth. The coccyx is short and the ribs are slender. The bones of the hind limbs are slender. The humeral head protrudes and is oval. Birds have strong flying ability, but they still retain the peritoneal ribs. The discovery of this bird fossil is of great significance to the study of the evolution of birds today.
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Marx bird
Type genus of ornithoptera, ornithoptera and ornithoptera. Its individual is bigger and its skull is obviously elongated; The tooth bone is straight, and the cervical vertebra is slender and concave; The coccyx is short and the forelimb is relatively long, which is about 1. 1 times that of the hind limb. This kind of bird is similar to modern birds and has strong flying ability.
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Dryopteris similaris
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Filamentinae
Most of them are herbs, and the common ones are leaf fossils. The leaves are generally large pinnate compound leaves, that is, the leaves are divided into pinnate and pinnate in turn, and some are simple leaves. Leaf axis has bifurcation, combined axis and single axis. Veins are pinnate, reticulate or fan-shaped. From Middle Devonian to modern times, Mesozoic and Cenozoic are the most prosperous. Ferns with conical leaves, such as shady ferns.
Dryopteris clavata
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gymnosperm
Seed plants, which have no ovary and bare ovules (which develop into seeds after fertilization), are named gymnosperms. Most of them are woody plants, with developed xylem, no vessel and only tracheids. Important fossil species include seed fern, Gotha, cycad, ginkgo, conifer and so on. The late Paleozoic began to appear, and the Mesozoic was extremely prosperous and varied, occupying a dominant position in the plant kingdom at that time. Therefore, the Mesozoic era, also known as the gymnosperms era, declined in the late Mesozoic. The existing ones are mainly conifers.
Xinlumu
The stem is segmented and hollow. The longitudinal ribs and grooves between internodes are thin. Impeller is born on nodes, which are many, narrow and long, with similar length, separated base and single vein. There is a row of round or oval leaves on the node.
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Like a thief stealing wood
The stem is slender, cylindrical, erect and has obvious nodes. There are whorled branches on the stem, which are hollow, with longitudinal ridges between nodes, and a whorled tubular serrated sheath outside each node.
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The second species of Ctenomedusa
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sago palm
Cycadaceae consists of Cycadaceae and Cycadaceae. The biggest difference between the two types is that the former has dioecious reproductive organs, straight leaf epidermis cell wall and single lip stomata; The latter is monoecious, with strongly curved epidermal cell wall and lip-shaped stomata. Cycas began in the late Paleozoic, and there are still 10 genera and nearly 100 species, mostly distributed in tropical or subtropical regions. Cycas in this area appeared in Permian and became extinct in the late Cretaceous.
Fossils of Mesozoic cycads and indigenous cycads are common in western Liaoning, and banana feather leaves and grate feather leaves are the most common in the former. The latter is mainly composed of lateral pinnate leaves and heteropinnate leaves, and bisexual flowers and scale fossils are also found from time to time.
Heteropinnate leaf
Living in the Middle Jurassic, it belongs to cycads, with feathery leaves and irregular, short and wide lobes. Lobes are attached to both sides of the feather axis with the whole base, the base is slightly enlarged and the top is obtuse.
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gingkgo
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Ginkgo biloba
An ancient primitive class of gymnosperms. There are only Ginkgo orders, including only 1 family, 1 genus and 1 species. It appeared in Paleozoic Permian and flourished in Jurassic. Ginkgo plants are distributed in almost every corner of the earth. In the Neogene and Tertiary, only a few species and genera remained. After the destruction of the Quaternary Glacier, all species of Ginkgo biloba in Europe and America were destroyed, and only Ginkgo biloba survived in China, known as "living fossil of plants".
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Bo Shi Liaoning Branch
The geological age is from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, about1.200 million ~1.500 million years ago. Widely distributed in western Liaoning, it is one of the important plants in Jehol biota. Its name is to commemorate the contribution of Mr. Bo Haichen, the founder of Yizhou Fossil Museum, to the collection and research of paleontological fossils in western Liaoning.
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pine and cypress
coniferals
Evergreen or deciduous trees, sparse shrubs, stems with many branches. This plant first appeared in the late Carboniferous and flourished in the early Mesozoic. There are many kinds, which reached the peak of development from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, and then gradually declined. Conifers are the most diverse and widely distributed groups in modern gymnosperms. There are about 58 genera and more than 560 species of modern conifers belonging to 7 families. China is the birthplace of conifers and the country with the richest resources, especially the endemic genera and species and the tertiary relict plant.
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New genera and species of conifers
"The first flower in the world"-Liaoning ancient fruit
The only flower found so far with conclusive evidence is the earliest flower in the world. It has stamens, the size of a pea, and the number of particles is between 8- 12. The discovery of ancient fruits in Liaoning not only greatly promoted the international scientific research on the origin and early evolution of angiosperms, but also indicated that angiosperms probably originated in western Liaoning, China.
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Chinese archaea
China Guguo is the second earliest angiosperm discovered in western Liaoning. Its vegetative leaves are similar to those of Liaoning ancient fruit, but the fruit is slender and dense, and each fruit contains 8 ~ 12 seeds.
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