It took 426 years before and after the Han Dynasty (from 26 BC to 22 AD), which was a crucial period in the development history of Chinese calligraphy, from constant change to stereotypes. By the end of the Han Dynasty, Chinese calligraphy was basically complete. Official script is a widely used script in Han Dynasty. The official script of Han Dynasty is also called "Divided Book" or "Eight Points". The brushwork is not only becoming more and more sophisticated, but also the style of the script is diverse. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lishu had entered a stage of mature style and various schools, and famous writers appeared one after another.
Although the Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty was incompetent, he loved calligraphy. At one time, he recruited people who were good at calligraphy from all over the world and gathered in Hongdumen, with about several hundred people. Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty carefully looked at each person's works and found that among these people, Shi Yiguan, a native of Nanyang, wrote calligraphy like? Peng spreads his wings, opens wide and closes wide, and is a demeanor of everyone. And his eight-point calligraphy method is the best. Large, the diameter of a word can be one foot long; Small, on a piece of bamboo slips with an inch square, you can write 1 words. Emperor Han Ling was overjoyed and sent for Shi Yiguan to enter the palace.
At this time, Shi Yiguan, without knowing it, was drinking in the hotel with an empty pocket. After drinking enough, the store came to ask for the money. Proud of his talents, he took out his pen and waved books on the wall of the hotel for sale, attracting many people to watch. Shi Yiguan's condition is simple: if you sell him wine, you will sell it to the store; Otherwise, shovel the words on the wall. The wine was paid enough, but when Emperor Han Ling heard about it, the idea of calling him an official was dismissed.
Shi Yiguan once wrote for Yuan Shuli's Julu Gengqiu Monument, which is the only work recorded in historical books, but it has a long history and the monument has disappeared.
Story 2 of Ancient Calligraphers
Wang Cizhong, born in Shanggu (now southeast of Huailai County, Hebei Province), was a calligrapher in Qin Dynasty. When he was a child, he was smart, ambitious, well-read and good at independent thinking. When he was in his teens, his knowledge had reached a mature stage. At that time, people generally used Qin Zhuan with slender structure and very even spacing between strokes. This kind of font is complicated and difficult to write, needless to say, it is used by the people. The government officials alone lament the accumulation of official documents and the slow approval. Wang Ci-zhong, who was nearly in his twilight years, knew the necessity of writing reform, so he collected all kinds of Zhong Ding utensils and imperial scripts extensively, copied them, arranged them together according to the same characters and different shapes, then compared them with each other, pondered over them, spent hundreds of sleepless nights, and finally created a set of eight-part books with twists and turns, and divided them to the left and right.
Wang Cizhong played these words on the court. After Qin Shihuang saw it, he thought it was simple and convenient, and he was very much in favor of it. He recruited Wang Cizhong to be an official in Xianyang, the capital. Write chapters and decrees. However, Wang Ci-zhong's lofty nature and three refusals to the imperial edict angered Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang thought he was disrespectful to himself, so he sent someone to Beijing in a prison car. Wang Cizhong knew that his life would be in danger if he disobeyed the decree, so he took advantage of the jailer's unprepared and threw himself into the river. However, the eight-point book created by Wang Cizhong has become very popular for the benefit of future generations.
Story 3 of Ancient Calligraphers
Cai Yong occasionally created Feibai
Cai Yong of the Han Dynasty, whose word was Bo Bo, was called "Cai Zhonglang" because he was an official and a corps commander. He was not only a writer, but also a famous calligrapher. The "flying white book" is his original creation. What is a "flying white book"? You will know after listening to this story.
Cai Yong is not a person who reads and writes behind closed doors. He often travels in order to capture inspiration and enrich his experience. During the reign of Emperor Xi Ping of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperor ordered Cai Yong to write "The Holy Emperor". After finishing the manuscript, he sent the written article to Hongdumen, the royal library. People there are so arrogant that anyone who comes has to wait outside the door for a while. While Cai Yong was waiting for the interview, several craftsmen were painting the wall with brooms dipped in this limewater. He just stood by and looked at it.
at first, he just wanted to kill time. But looking at it, he can see some "doorways". I saw the craftsman go down with a broom, and a white mark appeared on the wall. Because the broom seedlings are relatively thin, they can't be dipped in much lime water, and the wall is not very smooth, so after a broom goes down, there are still some places in the white road where the wall is exposed. Cai Yong a look, eyes not a bright. He thought that in the past, when writing with a pen dipped in ink, the strokes were all black. Wouldn't it be more vivid and natural to show some silk or paper in the black pen like a craftsman painting a wall? Thought of here, he suddenly fell into a mood. Hand in your article and run home at once.
when Cai Yong came home, he forgot to have a rest, and prepared his pen and ink. Thinking about the scene when the craftsman painted the wall, he started to write. Who knows that it is easy to think of, but difficult to do. At first, the paper was not exposed, or the exposed part was too stiff. He was not discouraged at all, and tried again and again. Finally, he mastered the sense of proportion in terms of how much ink he dipped in, how hard he applied, and the speed of writing, and wrote a faint white brush stroke in black, which made the words become elegant and flying, with a unique flavor.
Cai Yong's original writing style was quickly popularized and became a "flying white book". Until today, it has been used by calligraphers.
Story 4 of Ancient Calligraphers
Zhong You, a hardcore calligrapher
Zhong You is the founder of today's popular regular script. There is a saying in the calligraphy circle that Wang Xizhi, the "book saint", defended his wife in calligraphy, while Mrs. Wei learned from Zhong You. In this way, Xi is still Zhong You's disciple, which shows Zhong You's position in the history of calligraphy.
I saw a casual book called "Wandering in the Three Kingdoms", which also talked about Zhong You, saying that he was an all-rounder in literature, and he was proficient in history, Yi ology and calligraphy. The main aspect of martial arts is to learn the art of war and swordsmanship, and his fingers can penetrate the quilt.
I can't help but be startled. When did Zhong You, who has always been a weak scholar in my impression, achieve this skill of finger meditation? Unless the modern sea lantern mage also wants to recognize Zhong You as the granddaddy!
Think of the battle between Ma Dai, Ma Chao's cousin, and Zhong You, which was rated as the most unequal battle in the history of the Three Kingdoms War by later generations: "Dai led fifteen thousand troops and came from all over the mountains. Zhong You horse answer. Dai made a nod and fought with Yao. If you don't agree, you will be defeated. "
posterity comments: "It's too exaggerated to use a nod against Zhong You, who can only write in black on white paper!"
If Zhong You's fingers can penetrate the quilt, though he can't penetrate Ma Dai's treasure knife, then at least he is not an equal in martial arts, so he won't only fight Ma Dai for one round.
Actually, the real situation is that it is recorded in history that Zhong You fingered his way through the quilt, which is the result of his studying books for more than 3 years and practicing calligraphy on the quilt continuously every night.
When Zhong You died, he called his son Zhong Hui to his side, gave him a calligraphy secret book, and told Zhong Hui the story of his hard work. He said that he has spent more than 3 years practicing calligraphy in his life, regardless of day and night, regardless of the occasion and place, whenever he has time, and whenever he has the opportunity. Sit with people and chat while squatting on the ground to write. When I sleep at night, I use the quilt as paper. As a result, the quilt has been scratched for a long time. See flowers and trees, insects, fish, birds and animals and other natural scenery, it will be associated with brushwork, and sometimes go to the toilet and forget to come out.
Zhong You is obsessed with learning calligraphy, and he is a hardcore calligraphy lover. There is one more thing that can prove it.
in his youth, Zhong You and his later leaders? Cao Cao came together because of the same hobby of calligraphy. At that time, there were calligraphy fans such as Han Danchun, Wei Dan, Sun Zijing and Guan Pipa who often attended calligraphy seminars.
One day, Zhong You found Cai Yong's secret of practicing calligraphy on Wei Birthday's seat and borrowed it from Wei Birthday. Unexpectedly, this gentleman who is good at making ink (the ink made by Wei Dan is called "Wei Dan Ink" and is praised as "a hundred years as stone, a little as paint." ), probably afraid that Zhong You borrowed it and didn't return it, or that Zhong You's calligraphy surpassed his. In short, Ren Zhong You stubbornly refused to borrow it.
Zhong You was very angry. He drummed his chest for three days, until his chest was black and blue, and he vomited a pool of blood. People who didn't know the inside story thought that he was practicing great magic and was going to go to the Jianghu to sell dog skin plasters. Wei Dan was cruel enough, and he was not moved by Zhong You's "risks", so he just didn't show it to him. Zhong You, however, was too devoted to the "performance" and beat himself to death. Fortunately, Cao Caopa sent someone to give him the Five Elixirs (the holy medicine for healing in the Three Kingdoms period) before he came back to life. Zhong You got a heart attack, and vowed that he would not hesitate to rob the tomb after Wei's death, and he would also like to see the secret of Cai Yong.
This is almost an advertisement for Wei Dan. Everyone knows that Wei Dan has a secret book for practicing calligraphy, so that Wei Dan's tomb was really stolen later.
However, Wei Dan died 2 years later than Zhong You, so it was impossible for Zhong You to steal it himself. However, due to the oath he made, later generations insisted that Zhong You ordered the robbery, which really wronged Zhong You.
Tales of Ancient Calligraphers V
Wang Xizhi's Book Bamboo Fan
Wang Xizhi was a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was born in the gentry, and with his outstanding talent, all the ministers in the imperial court recommended him to be an official. He was a secretariat and a general of the right army (people also called him Wang Youjun).
Wang Xizhi loved writing since childhood. It is said that when walking at ordinary times, I also practice calligraphy with my fingers at any time. After a long time, I even cut my clothes. After studying hard and practicing hard, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy became more and more famous. People at that time regarded his handwriting as a treasure.
It is said that Wang Xizhi once went to a village. An old woman carried a basket of hexagonal bamboo fans to sell at the collection. That kind of bamboo fan is very simple, with no decoration, which can't attract the interest of passers-by. It seems that it can't be sold, and the old woman is very anxious.
Wang Xizhi felt sorry for the old woman when he saw this situation, so he went up to her and said, "You can't sell this bamboo fan because there are no pictures or characters on it. How about I give you an inscription? "
The old woman didn't know Wang Xizhi. Seeing his enthusiasm, she gave him a bamboo fan to write.
Wang Xizhi picked up a pen and wrote five words on each fan, which he returned to the old woman. The old woman can't read, and she feels that his handwriting is sloppy and she is very unhappy.
Wang Xizhi comforted her and said, "Don't worry. You told the fan buyer that it was written by Wang Youjun.
As soon as Wang Xizhi left, the old woman did as he said. People on the collection rushed to buy Wang Youjun's calligraphy when they saw it. A basket of bamboo fans will be sold out soon.