1. Euphemisms and hints
Therefore, it is elegant and restrained to escape from Wang Zhi.
Be gentle
One line is broken, graceful and smooth. -Recorded Calligraphy: On Liang Yu Wei Yuan
The word "graceful and restrained" appeared in the ancient book Guoyu Wuyu in the pre-Qin period, and was used by Jin as a literary rhetoric: "Or graceful and restrained, and every time you eliminate evil, you abuse it." According to various exegesis, "Wan" and "Yue" both mean "Beauty" and "Qu". In other words: "Wan" means softness and elegance. The original meaning of "about" is tied up, and its extension is refined, vague and subtle. So "graceful" and "disgusting" are opposites. On the occasion of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, there was a fairy poem in Xu Yanzhou's poem: "The lake was surrounded by night and set off by green trees and red flowers. The Beidou is dry, and it seems that the ceremony is often uncertain. " And commented on the cloud: "It is also graceful and lovely." The artistic conception of this poem is like a small word. The name "graceful and restrained" can quite summarize the characteristics of a large class of words. Wen Tingyun, Feng Yansi, Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu, Qin Guan, Li Qingzhao and a series of famous poets from the late Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty can all be classified as graceful and restrained. Its content mainly describes the love between men and women, the parting of feelings, the sad and lingering scenes in the Spring and Autumn Period; Its forms are mostly graceful, gentle, implicit, harmonious and harmonious. So I formed an idea that the text should be like this. In the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, people once said: Su Shi's "poetry like ci" is "the most true" (see Chen Shidao's Comments on Houshan Poetry); Qin Guan's poems are like poems, while Su Shi's "poems are like poems" (see Wang Zhi's poems). The theory of "true colors" and "small words" is the proposition of the graceful school. Li Qingzhao's theory of "don't be a family" holds that only Yan, Zhu He, Qin Guan and Huang Tingjian can "begin to know" (on ci), which reflects that what she advocates is also graceful, although Zhu He and even Li Qingzhao have works that are not graceful. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Shen Yifu's Yuefu Fan Zhi marked four criteria for writing lyrics: "The melody should be coordinated, and if it is not coordinated, it will grow into a short poem; The next word is elegant, but indecent is close to the body. Don't expose the text too much. Dewdrops are straight and have no deep taste. Don't be too ambitious. If you are tall, you will be crazy and lose your softness. " It can be said that it is a summary of graceful and restrained artistic techniques.
Song people also expressed their patriotic wishes and feelings of the times in graceful ways, such as Xin Qiji's "Fishing" (which can eliminate several storms) and some lyrics of Song Weiming and Zhang Yan. However, its expression mostly adopts the symbolic means of "Bi Xing", which is obscure and needs readers' appreciation. Some commentators are also deeply concerned about euphemisms and vagueness that may not be entrusted specially. For example, Zhang Huiyan, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, commented on Ouyang Xiu's "Butterfly Loves Flowers" (how deep the courtyard is) and Su Shi's "Divination Operator" (the moon is short and the trees are sparse), and every sentence carried out current affairs and satirized politics. These words will inevitably overlap, but it will narrow the emotional scope of these words and make it difficult to name them.
Graceful words have their own ideological value and artistic value, which has been seen above. However, some poets regard it as a solidified procedure, which is not allowed to be overstepped, so that it is uniform, or the pursuit of twists and turns is puzzling, leading to the end of creation.