On both sides of Huaihe River, there are many myths and legends about Shenzhou Mansion. One of the legends is related to Zhang. Zhang is a person from the upper bound. He rode a donkey through Sizhou City when he descended to the world. The weather is hot and dry, and the donkey is thirsty. Zhang asked the jellyfish queen for water for the donkey to drink. The jellyfish queen brought him a bucket of water, but Xiao Lv was a donkey and drank almost all the water in one breath. The jellyfish goddess is afraid that the water will be drunk, and fish, turtles, shrimps and crabs have nowhere to live. She couldn't make waves any more, and hurried to grab the bucket, only to be knocked over at once, causing a flood and flooding the ancient Sizhou city. The Jade Emperor was very angry when he learned about it. He sent the gods to catch the jellyfish queen and put her in the glass well of Baoji Mountain in Xuyi County.
This myth is widely circulated, and the Shanghai Huai Opera Troupe also created and performed a large-scale drama "Shui Man Si Zhou" based on this legend. However, myth is a myth after all, and the real reason for the sinking of Sizhou ancient city is geographical conditions and feudal rule for thousands of years.
According to the Records of Sizhou, the ancient Sizhou city was built in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. At first, it was two earthen cities, and the ancient Bianhe River passed through here. The two cities are connected by a Hongqiao, with a steep lake in the north and Huaishui in the south. It was not until the 23rd year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1595) that the Tucheng wall was transformed into a masonry wall more than 3 feet high. At the same time, it may be expanded to nine Fiona Fang. "The streets in the city are clean, the houses are dense, the goods are complete, and the merchants are in an endless stream." At that time, Sizhou City reached Luoyang from the Bianhe River in the west and Huaiyin along the Huaihe River in the east. Due to the turnover of imperial grain here, groups of ships are parked at the gate, which is very busy. According to historical records, Guzizhou is also a scenic spot: there are nine scenic spots in the city, such as "Moon Photo on Jade Emperor's Terrace", "Hanging Sword Terrace in Autumn Wind", "Flying Boat on Floating Beams" and "In front of the Huaihe River Floating Dike". Outside the city, there are wonders such as "Dawn of Lingruita" for tourists to visit. Unfortunately, today, only in the dry season can we vaguely see a broken walls in Hongze Lake.
After the Southern Song Dynasty, the ruling class imposed exorbitant taxes and levies, the land was barren, the water conservancy was in disrepair, and the Huaihe River was increasingly flooded. From 998 to 10 16, sizhou city was flooded every year. In the fifth year of Shao Xi (1 194), the Yellow River burst in Henan, diverted into Liangshan Park in Shandong, and then went south along Surabaya. At that time, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty took the opportunity to replace soldiers with water and flooded the land of the Southern Song Dynasty with the Yellow River water, which made the ancient Sizhou often "run down" and later became an "island". Since then, the ruling class in Ming and Qing dynasties has taken "protecting the DPRK" as the highest principle, regardless of the lives of the people in Sizhou. In order to maintain the royal grain transportation, they built a high weir, which is now the Hongze Lake Dam, artificially raising the water level, resulting in the historical tragedy of "rice is as expensive as gold and people eat people" in Sizhou. "There are several feet of water in the city, boats cross the street, houses collapse, houses shake like the sea, people flee, have no way out, and are homeless."
In this case, in the Ming Dynasty, some people advocated that the Huaihe River should be drained into the river to save Sizhou. However, Pan Jixun, the right-wing enterprise of Shi Yu, as the prime minister, tried every means to obstruct it, saying that "turbid water is inseparable, and a rising tide lifts all boats, so it should be removed for a long time." On the grounds that Zhu Yuanzhang's ancestral grave is in the north of Sizhou, "the ancestral grave cannot be lightly drained", we oppose flood diversion to save the city. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the water level of Huaihe River was the same as that of Sizhou City Wall, so it was impossible to open the floodgates. The silt in the city is deeply accumulated, and the official warehouses and houses are in rags.
In the 19th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1680), there were heavy rains in Sizhou area for more than 70 days, the Yellow River and Huaihe River rose continuously, the water level of Hongze Lake soared, the river bank burst and the flood was terrible. Since then, the ancient Sizhou City has sunk into the huge waves and smoke waves of Hongze Lake.
There are Yujiatai Site and Yang Tai Site in the late Neolithic Age in Sixian County, Western Wei Site in Qin and Han Dynasties, Tongcheng, Wang Ba, Xiaqiu, Yaozhai, Yinling Mountain, Louzhuang and Liang Xiao in Han Dynasty, Korea Site, Gongzhuang Site, Luzhuang Site and Hongcheng City Site in Han Dynasty.
Shejiatai site is located on the north bank of Tanghe River, about 40 li southwest of Sixian County, and north of Bianhe River 1 li. The site is flat around and gradually rises in the middle, forming a terrace. After the Tanghe River passed through the southwest, it cut off the southwest platform and exposed the cultural layer. The cultural layer is about 5 meters thick and rich in content. There are many animal fossils such as antlers at the bottom of the cultural layer, and there is a gray layer mixed with many ceramic fragments in the middle. After identification, Shejiatai is a late Neolithic site with an area of about 1.32 million square meters.
Sixian, the ancient tombs in the Han Dynasty include Suotan Tomb, Western Wei Tomb, Zhaozhuang Tomb, Tongcheng Tomb, Yin Tomb, Vientiane Tomb, Shiwei Tomb, Yaozhai Tomb, Tomb, Tomb, Wan 'an Tomb and Oil Depot Tomb. Tomb of Song Gongzhuang. The Ming Tombs include Deng Yuzu's Tomb, Deng Shunxing's Tomb and Chen Yi's Tomb. There were tombs of Baijialing and Li Jialing in Qing Dynasty.
Deng Shunxing's tomb is located in the north bank of Longsugou, south of Sixian County 18, about two miles west of Siwu (Sixian-Wuhe) Highway. "Deng Shunxing" was the father of Deng Yu, the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty, who died in the battle against the Yuan Army in Lin Hao. There are stone men, horses, lions, sheep and stone tablets in front of the tomb. The cemetery is very high, surrounded by pine and cypress. The present tomb is about 3m high, with a base length of10m and a width of 9m. There is still a broken stone tablet in front of the tomb, which is engraved with "... Weiguo Cemetery" and inscribed as "Ninth Sun Li".
There are six places in Sixian County, namely Shi Jia Hall, Ruilin Hall and Dacheng Hall in Ming Dynasty, main hall of Shanshan Guild Hall in Qing Dynasty, Shuiguan in Ming Dynasty and Zhang Shan Bridge in Qing Dynasty.
Sixian Shi Jia Temple Hall
Shi Jia Hall is located in the east wall of Si Cheng. The original temple has two entrances, and there is a Buddhist scripture building behind it. Standing upstairs, you can overlook the whole city. There are original Yin Jishu, Luohanshi, Jiuyansong, Pipa Well, Perfume Bridge, Transparent Monument and Gleditsia sinensis in the hospital. There is only one main hall and one acacia. The main hall is made of brick and wood, with a length of16m. Width 15.5 meters, covering an area of 248 square meters. At present, the tiles and walls of the main hall are somewhat damaged, but the beams and columns are thick and straight, and the layout is orderly. "He Zhi of Sihong" contains: "Shi Jia Temple is located in the southeast corner of the city and was built in Hongwu". According to the inscription "Giving Shi Jia Temple to Rebuild the Underground Wall of the Buddhist Scripture Building", it is now embedded in the back wall of Daxiong Hall, saying: "... but the origin is that when Song Yingzong gave Shousheng Temple, Zu Ding was renamed Shi Jia Temple in Ming Dynasty, and Zheng De supported the French collection as a building ... Kangxi was the second in the Mid-Autumn Festival." Therefore, this temple should be built in Song Yingzong after A.D. 1064. It has a history of over 800 years.
"Dacheng Hall" of Sixian Confucian Temple
Dacheng Hall of the Confucian Temple is located in the north of Sixian county center. Only Dacheng Square, Lingxingmen, Chi Pan, Jimen, East-West Hall, Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall and Zunjing Pavilion are left. The cornices of Dacheng Hall are spectacular and beautiful, with a length of 2 1 m, a width of 12 m and an area of 252 square meters. Brick and wood structure, the temple is supported by eight pillars, and 20 pillars are embedded around the temple wall. According to the book spine of Dacheng Hall, Dacheng Hall was built in the fourth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1727). Sihong He Zhi contains: "Nine years of Jiaqing (1805)". Erliang wrote in the temple and rebuilt it in Xianfeng three years (1854). It's been over 250 years. Except for some damage, the whole temple is intact.
Stone carvings of Shimawo in Ming Dynasty in Sixian County were moved to Sizhou in Qing Dynasty.
A round polar cup
The tablet of moving to Sizhou is a stone carving in the 45th year of Qing Qianlong (178 1). There are two stone tablets, 206 cm long and 77 cm wide. The full text, consisting of 35 lines and 647 words, was written by Zhang Peifang, a native of Zhili, in forty-three years (1779). At that time, the famous calligrapher Liang was a magistrate in Badong County, Hubei Province. The inscription records the 19th year of Kangxi (168 1). After the old Sizhou was wiped out, the governor temporarily sent Xuyi to Hongxian. It describes the situation after the old Sizhou was wiped out, the geographical position of Hong Xian at that time, the wishes of the people and so on. This is a rare and bright calligraphy tablet of a great calligrapher in the early Qing Dynasty. The memorial tablet of "moving to Sizhou" was originally built on the back wall of the county government, and later built on the back wall of the dormitory of the county government. 198 1 summer, moved to the county cultural relics showroom.
Eight sites in Sixian County: Ancient Sophora japonica in Xiwu Caiyuan in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Ancient Sophora japonica in Racecourse, Pingshan Baiguoshu, Laoshan Baiguoshu, Guludui, Chengxing Village Shipwreck and Huanggudui (time to be determined).
The old road of Bianhe River flows through Suzhou, Suxian, Lingbi and Sixian in our district. Along the Su (Su Xian) Yong (Yongcheng) and Su (Su Xian) Hong (Sihong, Jiangsu) expressways, the river bed remains are still clearly visible. North of the west gate of Sixian County 15 meters, there is still the water pass where the Bianhe River entered the city in the Ming Dynasty. 1972, when digging deep into the river bed, a wooden boat about 10 meter long was dug in Lianghua, north of Minglu Mountain in Sixian County, which was divided into two warehouses. It was initially identified as a wooden boat before the Song Dynasty, and some of its boards are now hidden in Sixian Cultural Relics Management Office. In the first year of the great cause of Sui Dynasty (605), Tongji Canal was dug, with a total length of 1.300 km. At that time, Imperial Roads were all built on river banks, and willows were planted on both sides, which was the traffic lifeline connecting the north and the south. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the water transport between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River reached the capital from Bianshui. Since the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty decided to delimit the Huaihe River as the boundary, the Bianhe River gradually silted up and was soon abandoned.
This Tongji Canal, the upstream of which draws water from the Yellow River into the Bianhe River from the northern half of Xingyang, the middle reaches Kaifeng, turns to the southeast, flows through the ancient water diversion roads from Qixian, Suiyang and Ningling to Shangqiu, and then flows into our region through Xiayi, Yongcheng and Suixi, leaving our region and flowing eastward to Magongdian and Xiejiagou (Laohe Suihe River) in Sihong County, Jiangsu Province.