Title
Title: Shang Jun Shu·Jun Chen
Literary Period:
Dynasty: Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period
Genre of work: prose
Subject words or keywords: Shang Jun Shu·Jun Chen
Text
Original text
Original text
Monarchs and ministers
In ancient times, when there were no monarchs and ministers, superiors and subordinates, the people were in chaos and there was no rule. In this way, saints were used to rank nobles and inferiors, establish titles, and establish names to distinguish between superiors and subordinates. The land is vast, the people, and all things are many, so it is divided into five parts and guarded. The people are prone to evil and evil; therefore, the legislative system is used to measure and prohibit it. Therefore, there are the righteousness of the king and his ministers, the distinction between the five senses, and the prohibitions of the legal system, so we must not be careless.
If you are in the position of a king and your orders are not carried out, you will be in danger; if your five senses are divided but impermanent, you will be in chaos; if the legal system is established and you do good things privately, the people will not be afraid of punishment. If the king is respectful, his orders will be carried out; if the officials are revered, there will be regular things; if the legal system is clear, the people will fear punishment. If the legal system is unclear, asking for the people's orders will not be obtained. The people did not obey orders but sought the respect of the king. Even though Yao and Shun knew it, they could not rule it.
The king of Ming ruled the world by governing according to the law and rewarding according to merit. All common people do not avoid the dead in battle, in order to seek honors and honors. When a wise king governs a country, his officials must be able to behead and capture prisoners, so they must have enough honors and honors, and enough money and food. Those who live in rural areas can support their two relatives and manage the military affairs. Therefore, the soldiers will die, but the peasants will not steal.
The king in this world is not like that. He explains the law to gain knowledge and memorizes merit to gain reputation. Therefore, the soldiers do not fight and the peasants migrate. I heard: The door to the people is the one above. The old people can be ordered to farm and fight, to be allowed to travel to the officialdom, and to be educated, as they are given by the superiors. When the superiors use merits and contributions, the people will fight; when the superiors use "Poems" and "Books" to respond, the people will be educated. The people benefit from it, just like water flowing downwards, with no choice in all directions. If the people can benefit and do it, they will do it. Those who are brave and talk with angry eyes will get it; those who hang their clothes and talk will get it; those who have been working in private houses for a long time will get it - respecting the three, you can get it without any effort, the people go to farm and fight, or talk about it If you ask for it, you may find something to ask for, or you may fight for it bravely. Therefore, as the number of people engaged in agricultural warfare increases and the number of wandering and foraging people increases, the country will be in chaos, the land will be weakened, the soldiers will be weak, and the master will be humbled. The reason why this is so is to interpret the legal system and let the reputation go.
Therefore, the Ming Lord must be careful about the legal system. Those whose words are not in line with the law will not listen; those whose actions are not in line with the law are not noble; those whose actions are not in line with the law will not act. If the law is in words, then argue it; if the law is in practice, then it is high; in the matter, if it is the law, then do it. The old country is ruled by a vast territory, the army is strong and the leader is respected. This is the best rule. A ruler must not fail to observe this.