Zhuge Liang's war of words and the story of Confucianism
Story version 1:
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao seized the emperor to make the princes, and most of the more powerful warlords were wiped out by him. Only Liu Bei and Sun Quan have the possibility of development and expansion, and Cao Cao knows that it is still difficult to annex these two forces at once. So Cao Cao sent people to Soochow with letters, trying to join hands with Sun Quan to destroy Liu Bei.
Most of Sun Quan's advisers advocated Cao Cao's self-protection, and only Lu Su advocated Liu Kang Cao. However, Lu Su knew that it was difficult to convince Sun Quan and the civil servants in Soochow, and specially invited Zhuge Liang to be a lobbyist.
Lu Su introduced Zhuge Liang to a group of counselors in Wu Dong. These people are not ordinary people, but they are all learned people. Zhang Zhao, the first counselor of Wudong, first made a fuss, saying: I heard that Liu Bei visited your home three times before inviting you out of the mountain, thinking that having you would be like fishing in troubled waters and trying to seize the nine counties of Jingxiang as the base. But Jing Xiang has been got by Cao Cao. What do you think?
Zhuge Liang thought that if Zhang Zhao was not stumped first, there would be no way to convince Sun Quanlian and Liu Kangcao. Zhuge Liang said: Liu Bei took Jingxiang's territory easily, but he didn't want to seize the inheritance of the same clan. Cao Cao took advantage of it. Now we are stationed in Jiangxia, and there are other grand plans. How do idle people know this? In matters of state affairs and social security, people with real talents and practical knowledge should come up with good ideas. The speaker, sitting and talking, can't figure out a way when he meets something, but he can only be laughed at by the whole world. In a word, Mr. Zhang was speechless.
Later, a counselor asked: Cao Cao stationed millions of troops and will list thousands of people. You say you're not afraid, you brag. Zhuge Liang replied: Liu Bei retreated to Xiakou and waited for an opportunity, but the soldiers had enough food and grass, and the Yangtze River had natural dangers to defend, but it was your shame to persuade Sun Quan to surrender to Cao. The counselors of Soochow challenged Zhuge Liang one by one, as many as seven, and Zhuge Liang refuted them.
Zhuge Liang's anti-Confucianism argument is actually a prelude for Zhuge Liang to persuade Sun Quan to confront Cao Cao. At that time, in Wu Dong's camp, there were two factions, namely capitulationists and hawks. The representatives of the capitulators are Zhang Zhao, Gu Yong, Yu Fan, Bu Zhi and Xue Zong. It is impossible to convince Sun Quan, the marquis of Wu, without persuading a group of civil servants and advisers who spread Cao Cao's threat theory and Cao Bing's invincible theory in Sun Quan's ear all day and clamored for surrender. But it is not easy to convince these knowledgeable people! See how Zhuge Liang won the debate step by step!
"
The first round: Zhao said: "Zhao is from the end of Jiangdong. I have heard for a long time that Mr. Zhao is lying in the middle of the mountain and managing himself; Music. What is the fruit of this language? " Kong Ming said, "This is a great event in life."
The second round: Zhao said: "I recently heard that Mr. Liu Yuzhou is in the cottage. Fortunately, Mr. Liu thinks he is like a duck to water and wants to sweep Jingxiang. If you belong to Cao Cao today, what do you think? "
The third round: Zhao said: "If so, your words and deeds are also contrary. Mr. Wang compared himself with Guan, enjoying himself, Guan Zhong loved Huan Gong, unified the princes, and ruled the country and the world; ... Guan Zhong and Le Yi? Don't be surprised at stupid words! "
Story version 2:
The 43rd chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Zhuge Liang argues Confucianism and Lu Zi respects people", tells the story of Zhuge Liang arguing Confucianism: as a prelude to Battle of Red Cliffs, millions of heroes of Cao Cao Group are rich in funds and want to "hunt the east of the river" with Sun Quan. The hunter is Liu Bei, and his real intention is to hunt Jiangdong. Liu Bei is a typical entrepreneur. He just got Zhuge Liang. With a good team, he should do a lot. But he abandoned Xinye, went to Fancheng, lost in the sunshine, ran to Xiakou, had no place to live, and even lost his wife. If Liu Biao's son, Liu Qi, hadn't taken him in, he would have been able to operate temporarily, otherwise I'm afraid he would have declared bankruptcy long ago. Now it is being hunted down by Cao Cao Group, and the newly-started small enterprises are in danger.
Cao Cao Group broke Yuan Shao and took Liu Cong. According to Jingzhou, Xiangyang is unstoppable.
Wu Dong is a typical family business, which has developed to a considerable scale after three generations, and Sun Quan is a loyal entrepreneur. Now Wu Dong is hostile to being acquired by Cao Cao, an expert in M&A finance. Sun Shi & Sons Company has limited funds on hand, so there is not much room for negotiation.
Liu Bei's only way out is to cooperate with Sun Quan in opposing Cao Cao's annexation. Zhuge Liang said: "Cao Cao is powerful and it is difficult to do it overnight." It is better to vote for Sun Quan of Soochow as support. If the north and the south are at loggerheads, I will take advantage. Why not? " However, because the employees of Sun's Group are selfish, now the enemy only cares about himself and completely ignores Sun Quan's interests. So Zhuge Liang and Lu Su consulted with Sun Quan.
Before Kong Ming met Sun Quan, Lu Su had analyzed Sun Quan's situation and told Sun Quan clearly that if your company was annexed by Cao Cao, you would have to work for Cao Cao in the future. At best, he's just a senior wage earner, doing nothing. Now you are the boss and have your own business. General managers can have such jobs even when they arrive at Cao Cao, and their quality of life has not changed. So they are not very active to Cao. Su Su said, "General, do you want to go home safely? You can't ride a car, you can't ride a horse, you can't ride a few people, so you can't be lonely in the south! " This sentence deeply touched Sun Quan.
In order to increase the odds, Sun Quan also knew to cooperate with Liu Bei. In order to increase their bargaining chips, Zhuge Liang's Ma Su and Sun Quan specially arranged a group of negotiators from Sun Group to confront Zhuge Liang head-on. The war of words between Zhuge Liang and Confucianism kicked off. At the beginning, "Zhang Zhao, Gu Yong and a group of more than 20 civil and military personnel, with Emei, Bo and other people, dressed up and sat up", gained the upper hand in the negotiations. Zhang Zhao deliberately made things difficult for Zhuge Liang, tried his best to dig the sore spot of Zhuge Liang and criticized Zhuge Liang for nothing. Zhang Zhao is Sun Quan's number one adviser. If you don't refute him, Zhuge Liang will not achieve his goal this time.
Zhuge Liang smiled and said, Li, can a flock of birds know his ambition? How do you understand Liu Huangshu's Wan Li ambition? "There is a mastermind to cover the country and safeguard national security. Non-discussion, false name deception: no one can sit down and talk; It's no use improvising. Really laugh for the world! " When these words were said, Mr. Zhang was speechless. Suddenly reversed the "potential" of the whole negotiation. Then Zhuge Liang turned the rest one by one from Liu Bei's capital (armament) and said that it could not be right; Judging from the intention of seeking sun quan, bu zhi is said to be "silent"; Take Xue's general "shame, can't answer" from the monarch's sense of honor; From the aspect of Liu Bei's personal background, his achievements are "speechless"; From the perspective of individual academic sects, the severity is "bow down and be obedient"; Cheng Deshu is said to be "incorrect" academically.
All the negotiating opponents "are eclipsed when they see Kong Ming's answer." Zhuge Liang developed his "potential" step by step, and finally won a great victory with Confucianism. Later, Sun Quan vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, cooperated with Liu Bei, and defeated Cao Cao in Chibi.
Historical evaluation of Zhuge Liang;
Chen shou: "Zhuge Liang is also a prime minister, comforting the people, showing etiquette, being an official, taking power from the system, being sincere and fair;" Although those who are loyal to the times will get revenge, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished by their relatives, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are concise, based on physics, with real responsibility for fame and fortune, hypocrisy and contempt; Finally bangyu
Inside, I am afraid of salt and love. Although the punishment is harsh and political, I have no complaints, so I will be fair.
And admonish Ming also. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern the country, and he is a horse of Xiao. But after years of mobilization, it still failed, and the cover strain will be slightly, which is not its strength! "
Zhun Yuan: "The law is strict, the people are willing to accept it, and the people do their best without complaint. Its soldiers come and go like guests. They don't fight or hunt, just like in the country. Its use of troops is also like a mountain, advancing and retreating like the wind. On the day when the soldiers came out, the world shook, but people were not worried. It has been several decades since Liang died, and China people have also sung their voices, just like Zhou people's yearning for him. Confucius said that' harmony can also make the south', and Zhuge Liang had a good idea. "
Si Mahui: "Do Confucian scholars and laymen know current events? People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Wolong and Feng Chu here. "
Liu Bei: "There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish."
Sun Quan: "The Prime Minister was left behind, and the country enriched the people and punished the Ming Dynasty. Although Yi Yin is above the emperor, the Duke of Zhou is only above the four tables. " "Various ge prime minister wade, far away, wearing wings at home, loyal to Yin and Yang. He sincerely moved the heavens and the earth, repeatedly formed alliances, and sincerely swore an oath, so that the people of the East and the West knew it. "
Meng Huo: "Gong, Tianwei also, Nanren no longer rebelled."
Jia Xu: "Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country."
Ye Liu: "Zhuge Liang is a wise politician and a prime minister."
Yang Hong: "Zhuge Liang can make the best use of people."
Ma Liang: "Your brother should praise the world in time, and his career should glorify the country. This is far away. It is appropriate to change her husband's consideration with elegance, judge her own value with clarity, and be simple with talent. If it is the sum of light and distance, it is the world of virtue, so that the time is closed to listening, the world is obedient to the Tao, the sound is high and wonderful, and the voice of political power is positive and beneficial to things. The two have nothing to do. This is the harmony between strings and teeth. "
Zhang Yi: "Public rewards are far away, but punishment is not near. If you get something for nothing, you can't get away with it. This wise fool forgot his body. "
Sima Yi: "The first wizard in the world!" "Think more and think less." "If you are ambitious, you can't see the opportunity. More plans, fewer decisions. If you are a good soldier, you have no right. Although you have raised a hundred thousand soldiers, you have already fallen into my painting and will be broken. "
Yang: "Loyal and brave, he offered advice and suggestions by the river, and he was granted the right to be the best in the world. He was left behind by Ah Heng, who improved his martial arts prose, taught Chen Dejiao, changed his ways in charge, and was wise and foolish, and got carried away. In Youzhou, four generations of Yi Sui repeatedly came to the enemy's dynasty, showing their power and learning from a big country, and they hated it. "
Longhe: "The situation is bright, Germany and Fan are far and near, and the reputation is all over the world."
Liu Chan: "Only your body is endowed with civil and military skills, you are clear and sincere, you are entrusted with orphans, and you are assisted by me. After that, you will never prosper, you will be calm and chaotic; Therefore, the Sixth Division has been reorganized and impressed, and Weizhen has been barren, and will make great contributions to Iraq and Zhou Zhirong. Why don't you hang up? Things are going to be awkward. You're dying! I am heartbroken and heartbroken. Fu Chongde made meritorious deeds, and Ji was born in posthumous title, so he will shine brilliantly in the future and make an immortal publication. Today, the general army is specially ordered to present the seal of the Prime Minister, and you are named the loyal minister Wu Hou. The soul has a spirit, and Jiazi is glorious. Alas! Hey! "
Sima Yan: "It's very kind of me to have this person to help me. How can I work today? "
Zhang Biao said, "Zhuge and Sima are both honored in the world, and the winners know or receive merits, or get the names of Yi and Luo. I'm not ready. My successor will inherit this system. Each of them will be appointed by Po to assist the young master and fulfill his promise. It is also the minister of a country and the saint of the overlord. "
Guo Chong: "If you are smart, you will be surpassed and your achievements will not be good. If you are confused by the critics, you will not be able to recover from the predicament. Fufeng Wang is generous and aggressive. "
Changqu: "Governing the country with courtesy for the people, no complaints, no abuse of lynching, no sobbing."
Ho Choi: "Liu Bei, Ming Jun, Kyushu is like a fire, heroes struggle, the monarch and the minister are in harmony, and fish and water are like a metaphor. Can't compete with Cao Shi for the world, entrust Jingzhou to retreat to Bashu, lure Liu Zhang, falsely connect Sun Shi, and stay poor? The land in this area is between the border areas of Bo. Under this strategy, you can be married to Zhao, and you don't think it's too much to take care of small. It is not untrue to call life a disgrace. It is out of date to rely on Shu as the foundation and Gushan as the basis, but according to one's ability. Yan weiqie method, making Shu people; Unfortunately, there is only negative energy, and high self-correction wants to fight against the country with the border people. Send troops to Longyou, then attack Qishan, attack Chencang, postpone the meeting and destroy it; After entering Qinchuan, stop attacking the city and seek a field battle. Wei ren knew what this meant, and stuck to it when the base was closed to avoid war. Exhaustion of knowledge, anger attack, and illness. Judging from the above, is it the goodness of ancient times, and it is possible to enter and retreat? "
Wang Tong: "Zhuge Liang will not die, and the ceremony and music will flourish."
Wang Bo said, "Zhuge said," I was in the army, and I used to make you the commander. During training, he packed his left car. Strangely, he carried a floor mat on his back. Cao Cao hung thousands of soldiers and walked at night for 300. The axle load does not continue, and unity does not smell, but the birds also surrender without a fight? Sitting in a crowd of100000 people, there is no goal. What is the difference between driving dogs and sheep and luring tigers? So I know that the strain will be slightly, not the director of Wuhou, and I am close. "
Du Mu: "Zhou Youqi is a squire, Qin has Wang Jian, Han has Han Xin, Duan Qirui, Wei has Sima Yi, Wu has Zhou Yu, Shu has Zhuge Wuhou, Jin has yang hu, Du, Liang has Wei Rui, you have, Zhou has Wei Xiaokuan, Sui has, and Zhou has Li Jing, Li Ji and Du Gongkai. Such a person, at this time, all his plans are archaeological and long-term. First, set the strategy internally and succeed later. "
Sun Qiao: "The marquis of Wu has been dead for almost 500 years. Up to now, the people of Liang Han have a strong legacy of singing, and all the worshippers in the temple are there, and they have loved the people for so long. "
Shangqi: "If you make official books and temples eat them, they will be unpublished. Every time there is a popular grass movement in Yamanouchi, it will bring a strong spirit. In the old days, if there was a drought, people all over the country would pray for rain for the clouds, which meant that no one was healthy in life, and there was life and death in ancient and modern times. Death is immortal, but it is more expensive than life. "
Lu Wen: "If you don't gather great glory, Heaven will seize its soul. Sincerely unforgettable, the ice is in the sun and the moon, and the ferocity does not come away. It is a thunderstorm. "
Where to go: "Kong Ming has the ambition to make contributions, but the amount of reactive power; There is beauty, but yuan uses wisdom. Therefore, it is urgent to move many people to make contributions through hard work. Every time you fail, you are exhausted. Today, Kong Ming lost, so he used Shu. "
Su Shi: "As dense as ghosts and gods, as fast as thunder. It's impossible to get in and get back. Don't attack by day, don't attack at night. Too many can't be enemies, and too few can't be bullied. Before and after the meeting, command all localities. Move the nature of the five elements and change the order of the four seasons. People also? God also? Ya Xian? I don't know, it is really Wolong! "
Hong Mai: "There are thousands of people in Zhu Gekongming, and the way to use soldiers is out of benevolence and restraint. For three generations, nothing. "
Chen Liang: "The rule of Kong Ming is the rule of Wang." "Kong Ming, a disciple of Yizhou."
Chen: "King Detu, Xu Qi, Wolong. The northern expedition went south, and Weibin Lushui. It's hard to deal with two dynasties. When the stars fall into the China army, the hero is gone. "
Emperor Kangxi: "Zhuge Liang said,' Do your best until you die.' Only Zhuge Liang can be such a minister. "
Emperor Qianlong said, "Zhu Gekongming is a first-rate figure under three generations, and his life is called loyalty. I am selfless, loyal and selfless, and then I am clear-headed and economical. "
Zeng Guofan: "Gong is both a prime minister and a marshal. Everything in the palace and camp is comprehensive. For example, Guo and Fei are in the palace, but in the camp. Almost all of them refer to people who stay in Chengdu. In the affairs of his government, the office is autonomous, all departments are subordinate to the government, and they all decide for themselves in the army. "
Wang Weixin: "There is no one like you since the Han Dynasty, the first person after three generations."
Sun Yat-sen: "Zhuge Liang is very talented, so he can set up a good government in Xishu, and he can make six northern expeditions, ranking third with Wu Wei at the foot of the mountain."
Qian Mu: "There is a Zhuge who can make the Three Kingdoms shine on future generations, just like the Han Dynasty."