Southern and Northern Dynasties
(420-589)
The Southern and Northern Dynasties period was a period of great division in China, and it was also the integration of northern minorities into our Chinese civilization. a historical period.
At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the world was vast. After Liu Yu replaced the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he established the Song Dynasty.
At that time, many political powers were established successively.
The early period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties
Southern Dynasties
Song Dynasty (420-479)
Emperor Wu (Liu Yu) was born: 363 AD --Died: 420 AD (reigned for 2 years)
Emperor Liu Yu, nicknamed Jinu, was poor when he was young. Later, he gradually became a powerful official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty due to his military exploits. In 420, he forced Emperor Gong of the Jin Dynasty to abdicate and established the Southern Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. Before and after Liu Yu became emperor, he paid attention to frugality, rectified the imperial court, restrained the powerful, provided relief to the people, prohibited powerful people from sealing mountains and rivers, and implemented the rule of land. He cut off the number of overseas Chinese in the prefectures and counties, reduced penalties, established schools, and tried to test the talents of various prefectures and counties. As a result, agricultural production in Jiangnan was restored and developed, laying the foundation for the rule of Yuanjia. He died after reigning for 3 years at the age of 60.
The Young Emperor (Liu Yifu) was born: 406 AD - died: 424 AD (reigned for 2 years)
The Young Emperor Liu Yifu, the eldest son of Liu Yu, died because of his game He was unruly and not pro-government. He was killed three years after taking the throne at the age of 19.
Emperor Wen (Liu Yilong) was born: 407 AD - died: 453 AD (reigned 29 years)
Emperor Wen Liu Yilong, the third son of Liu Yu, was a relatively An accomplished emperor. Yi Longbo was involved in classics and history, good at official script, profound and strategic, but he was frail and sick and prone to suspicion. ), "the service was easy and the work was simple, and the masses prospered". It was relatively stable for more than 30 years, so old history often calls it "the rule of Yuanjia". In 453, he was killed by the prince at the age of 47.
Emperor Xiaowu (Liu Jun) Born: 430 AD - Died: 464 AD (reigned for 11 years)
Emperor Xiaowu Liu Jun, the third son of Emperor Wen, was a cruel and foolish emperor . Died in 464 at the age of 35.
The former deposed emperor (Liu Ziye) was born: 449 AD - died: 465 AD (1 year in office)
The former deposed emperor Liu Ziye, the eldest son of Emperor Xiaowu, was a tyrant. He was murderous and incestuous, and was killed at the age of 17 after 6 months in office.
Emperor Ming (Liu Yu) was born: 439 AD - died: 472 AD (reigned 7 years)
Emperor Ming Liu Yu, the eleventh son of Emperor Wen, was cruel and mediocre. Jun, reigned for 8 years and died at the age of 34.
The later deposed emperor (Liu Yu) was born: 463 AD - died: 477 AD (reigned for 5 years)
The later deposed emperor Liu Yu, the eldest son of Emperor Ming, was a tyrant Incomparable, he became depressed if he didn't kill anyone for a day, and was killed by Xiao Daocheng. He was 15 years old when he died. In all the dynasties of the past, there was no such thing as the three emperors of the Song Dynasty, the former Deposed Emperor, the Ming Emperor, and the Later Deposed Emperor, who were so rude, incestuous, obscene, and almost beastly.
Emperor Shun (Liu Zhun) was born: 469 AD - died: 480 AD (reigned for 2 years)
Emperor Shun Liu Zhun, the third son of Emperor Ming, reigned He abdicated three years later and was killed in 480 AD at the age of 12.
Qi (479-502)
Gaodi (Xiao Daocheng) Born: 427 AD - Died: 482 AD (reigned 3 years)
Gaodi Xiao Daocheng. The Prime Minister of the Southern Dynasty and the Song Dynasty later abolished Emperor Shun and established the Southern Dynasty and the Qi Dynasty. He punished the fall of the Song Dynasty by observing frugality, exempting the people from rent and debt, and lenient punishments. However, for the clan princes of the Song Dynasty, they were all secretive. die. He reigned for 4 years and was 56 years old.
Emperor Wu (Xiao Yu) was born: 440 AD - died: 493 AD (reigned for 11 years)
Emperor Xiao Yu, the eldest son of Emperor Gao, reorganized his household registration and lacked quilts. The rich and corrupt officials provoked a civil uprising. He died in 493 at the age of 54.
King Yulin (Xiao Zhaoye) Born: 473 AD - Died: 494 AD (1 year of reign)
King Yulin Xiao Zhaoye, the eldest grandson of Emperor Wu. He was killed in the first year of his reign.
He was 22 years old.
Hailing King (Xiao Zhaowen) Born: 480 AD - Died: 494 AD (reigned 0 years)
Hailing King Xiao Zhaowen, younger brother of Yulin King, reigned Killed 4 months ago at the age of 15.
Emperor Ming (Xiao Luan) was born: 452 AD - died: 498 AD (reigned 4 years)
Emperor Ming Xiao Luan, the nephew of Emperor Gao, was a murderer after he came to the throne. The state of Southern Qi declined and he died in 498 at the age of 47.
Donghun Hou (Xiao Baojuan) Born: 483 AD - Died: 501 AD (reigned 3 years)
Donghun Hou Xiao Baojuan, the second Ming Emperor Son, he was cruel, violent, murderous, and spent money like water. He was killed by Xiao Yan at the age of 19.
He Emperor (Xiao Baorong) was born: 488 AD - died: 502 AD (reigned for 1 year)
He Emperor Xiao Baorong, the eighth son of Emperor Ming, reigned for 1 year , was killed by Xiao Yan, and Southern Qi was destroyed.
Liang (502-557)
Emperor Wu (Xiao Yan) Born: 464 AD - Died: 549 AD (reigned 47 years)
Emperor Xiao Yan deposed the Southern Qi Emperor and established himself in 502, establishing the Southern Liang Dynasty. Xiao Yan believed in Buddhism and lived a simple life, but was politically mediocre. Xiao Yan was erudite and capable of writing, good at music, poetry, and calligraphy. In 547 AD, he accepted the surrender of Eastern Wei general Hou Jing. The following year, Hou Jing rebelled, led his troops across the river, captured Kyoto, and Xiao Yan starved to death. He died in 549 at the age of 86.
Emperor Jian Wen (Xiao Gang) was born: 503 AD - died: 551 AD (reigned for 2 years)
Emperor Jian Wen Xiao Gang, the third son of Emperor Wu, reigned He died 2 years ago at the age of 49.
Emperor Yuan (Xiao Yi) was born: 508 AD - died: 554 AD (reigned for 2 years)
Emperor Yuan Xiao Yi, the seventh son of Emperor Wu, reigned for 3 years Killed at the age of 47.
Jingdi (Xiao Fangzhi) Born: 543 AD - Died: 558 AD (reigned 2 years)
Jingdi Xiao Fangzhi, son of Emperor Yuan, was deposed by Chen Baxian in the 2nd year of his reign. He was killed in 558 at the age of 16. Liang died.
Chen (557-589)
Emperor Wu (Chen Baxian) Born: 503 AD - Died: 559 AD (reigned 2 years)
Emperor Wu Chen Baxian, who abolished the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty in 557, established himself as the emperor. His country name was Chen. He was a very simple man. He died after reigning for 3 years at the age of 57.
Emperor Wen (Chen Qian) Born: 522 AD - Died: 566 AD (reigned 7 years)
Nephew of Emperor Wu, when he was in power, he set out to eradicate local separatist forces . Died after reigning for 7 years at the age of 45.
Deposed Emperor (Chen Bozong) Born: 552 AD - Died: 570 AD (reigned for 2 years)
Deposed Emperor Chen Bozong, the eldest son of Emperor Wen, was deposed after 2 years of reigning , died in 570 at the age of 19.
Emperor Xuan (Chen Xu) was born: 528 AD - died: 582 AD (reigned 14 years)
Emperor Xuan was the younger brother of Emperor Wen. During his reign, the Northern Qi Dynasty died. Emperor Xuan rewarded him for reclaiming wasteland. He died in 582 at the age of 55.
The empress (Chen Shubao) was born: 553 AD - died: 604 AD (reigned 7 years)
The empress Chen Shubao was the eldest son of Emperor Xuan. He was a licentious emperor who only knew how to party and have fun, write erotic poems, build palaces, and impose indiscriminate punishments. He was unprepared for the powerful Sui Dynasty. In 588, the Sui Dynasty took Jin Wang Yang Guang as its marshal and led 80 generals and 510,000 soldiers southward. Uncle Bao relied on the natural dangers of the Yangtze River and didn't take it seriously. In the first month of the following year, the Sui army divided its forces and invaded Jiankang. Empress Chen, Zhang Guifei, and Kong Guiren took refuge in a well and were captured. Chen died. Died in 604 at the age of 52.
Northern Dynasties
Northern Wei (386-534)
Emperor Daowu (Tuoba Gui) Born: 371 AD - Died: 409 AD ( Reigned for 23 years)
Emperor Daowu Tuoba Gui was a member of the Xianbei tribe.
In 383, after the Battle of Feishui in the former Qin Dynasty, the country's national strength was weakening. In 386, 16-year-old Tuoba Gui returned to the country and became the king. In the same year, he was renamed "Wei" and was known as "Northern Wei" in history. He died in 409 at the age of 39 years old.
Emperor Ming Yuan (Tuo Ba Si) was born: 392 AD - died: 423 AD (reigned for 14 years)
Emperor Ming Yuan Tuo Ba Si, the eldest son of Emperor Daowu, died In 423, at the age of 32.
Emperor Taiwu (Tuoba Tao) Born: 409 AD - Died: 452 AD (reigned 29 years)
Emperor Taiwu Tuoba Tao, the eldest son of Emperor Ming Yuan, successively eliminated Daxia, Northern Yan, and Northern Liang after he came to the throne, greatly enhancing the national power of the Northern Wei Dynasty and unifying the north. However, he was defeated in the war with the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty. In 452, Emperor Taiwu died at the age of 45.
Nan'an King (Tuobayu) Born: Unknown - Died: 452 AD (reigned 0 years)
Nanan King Tuobayu, son of Emperor Taiwu, reigned 8 Months were killed.
Emperor Wencheng (Tuoba Jun) was born: 440 AD - died: 465 AD (reigned for 13 years)
Emperor Wencheng Tuoba Jun, the direct grandson of Emperor Taiwu, During his reign, the Northern Wei Dynasty's national power began to decline. Died in 465 at the age of 26.
Emperor Xianwen (Tuo Bahong) was born: 454 AD - died: 476 AD (reigned for 6 years)
Emperor Xianwen Tuo Bahong, the eldest son of Emperor Wencheng, ascended the throne Was 14 years old. When he was 18 years old, he gave way to the 4-year-old prince. He died in 476 at the age of 23.
Emperor Xiaowen (Tuoba Hong) was born: 467 AD - died: 499 AD (reigned for 28 years)
Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong, son of Emperor Xianwen, Xiaowen Emperor Wen carried out reforms and moved the capital to Luoyang in 494 to promote Chinese culture and took the lead in changing the surname to "Yuan". It accelerated the feudalization process of northern ethnic minorities and promoted social and economic development. Died in 499 at the age of 33.
Emperor Xuanwu (Yuan Ke) Born: 483 AD - Died: 515 AD (16 years of reign)
Emperor Xuanwu Yuan Ke, the second son of Emperor Xiaowen, became political after he ascended the throne Corruption, embezzlement and uprisings were common, and he died in 515 at the age of 33.
Emperor Xiaoming (Yuan Xu) Born: 510 AD - Died: 528 AD (reigned for 13 years)
Emperor Xiaoming Yuan Xu, son of Emperor Xuanwu, was politically corrupt. The people were in dire straits, and he died in 528 at the age of 19.
Emperor Xiaozhuang (Yuan Ziyou) was born: 507 AD - died: 530 AD (reigned for 2 years)
Emperor Xiaozhuang Yuan Ziyou was conquered in 528 He became emperor and was killed in the second year of his reign at the age of 24.
King Changguang (Yuan Ye) Born: Unknown - Died: 531 AD (1 year of reign)
Wang Yuanye of Changguang, the Xianyang King Yuanye's son, was dismissed in the first half of his reign. kill.
Emperor Jiemin (Yuan Gong) Born: 498 AD - died: 533 AD (reigned for 1 year)
Emperor Jiemin Yuan Gong, Prince of Guangling, reigned for 1 year He was deposed and died in 533.
The later deposed emperor (Yuen Long) was born: 513 AD - died: 532 AD (reigned 0 years)
The later deposed emperor Yuen Long, Prince Zhangwu, was After reigning for half a year, he was killed by Gao Huan (the father of King Wenxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty).
Chu Emperor (Yuan Xiu) Born: 510 AD - Died: 534 AD (reigned for 2 years)
Chu Emperor Yuan Xiu, Prince Guangping, was killed by Gao Huan Li Li became emperor. In 534, he escaped from Luoyang and went to Yuwentai. He was killed by Yuwentai at the age of 25.
Eastern Wei (534-550)
Emperor Xiaojing (Yuan Shanjian) Born: 524 AD - Died: 551 AD (reigned for 16 years)
After Emperor Xiaojing Yuan Shanjian fled, Gao Huan supported him as emperor and moved the capital to Yecheng, which was known as the Eastern Wei Dynasty in history.
Northern Qi (550-557)
Emperor Wenxuan (Gao Yang) Born: 529 AD - Died: 559 AD (reigned 9 years)
Emperor Wenxuan Gao Yang, whose father Gao Huan was the Bohai King of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 534, the Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasties. In 550 years, Gao Yang deposed the Eastern Wei Emperor and established himself on his own. He changed the country's name to "Qi" and was called "Northern Qi" in history. In the fight against the Turks, In the Khitan wars, he won many times. But he became dissolute in his later years and died in 559 at the age of 31.
Deposed Emperor (Gao Yin) Born: 545 AD - Died: 561 AD (reigned for 2 years)
Deposed Emperor Gao Yin, the eldest son of Emperor Wenxuan, reigned for 1 year He was killed by Gao Yan when he was 17 years old.
Emperor Xiaozhao (Gao Yan) was born: 535 AD - died: 561 AD (reigned for 1 year)
Emperor Xiaozhao Gaoyan, the sixth son of Gao Huan, Wen The younger brother of Emperor Xuan, died in the first year of his reign at the age of 27.
Emperor Wucheng (Gao Zhan) was born: 537 AD - died: 568 AD (reigned 4 years)
Emperor Wucheng Gao Zhan, the ninth son of Gao Huan, the younger brother of Gao Yan , he was a tyrant in 565, took the Zen throne and had his son, and died in 568 at the age of 32.
Later Master (Gao Wei) Born: 557 AD - Died: 577 AD (reigned for 12 years)
Later Master Gao Wei, the eldest son of Emperor Wucheng, died in Zhou Dynasty in 576 AD When Emperor Wu's army attacked the Northern Qi Dynasty, he gave the throne to his son Gao Heng, who was captured and killed at the age of 20.
The young master (Gao Heng) was born: 570 AD - died: 577 AD (reigned 0 years)
The young master Gao Heng, the eldest son of the later master, was dismissed after 25 days of reigning Captured, the Northern Qi Dynasty died, and Gao Heng was killed at the age of 8
Western Wei Dynasty (535-556)
Emperor Wen (Yuan Baoju) Born: 507 AD - died : AD 551 (reigned for 16 years)
Emperor Wen Yuanbaoju was proclaimed emperor by Yu Wentai in 535. His capital was Chang'an, which was known as the Western Wei Dynasty in history.
Deposed Emperor (Yuan Qin) Born: 539 AD - Died: 554 AD (reigned for 3 years)
Deposed Emperor Yuan Qin, the eldest son of Emperor Wen, reigned for 2 years , killed.
Emperor Gong (Tuo Bakuo) was born: 537 AD - died: 557 AD (reigned for 2 years)
Emperor Gong Tuo Bakuo, the fourth son of Emperor Wen, reigned He was killed in 3 years and the Western Wei Dynasty died.
Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-581)
Emperor Xiaomin (Yuwenjue) Born: 542 AD - Died: 557 AD (reigned 0 years)
Emperor Xiaomin Yuwenjue, the third son of Yuwentai of the Xianbei tribe, ascended the throne in 557, and was named "Zhou". He was killed in the 8th month of his reign.
Emperor Ming (Yu Wenyu) was born: 534 AD - died: 560 AD (reigned for 3 years)
Emperor Ming Yu Wenyu, the eldest son of Yu Wentai, was eliminated in the 4th year of his reign. Killed at the age of 27.
Emperor Wu (Yu Wenyong) was born: 543 AD - died: 578 AD (reigned for 18 years)
Emperor Yuwen Yong, the fourth son of Yuwen Tai, during his reign , first killed the powerful minister Yu Wenhu, and at the same time he tried his best to get rid of the old customs of Xianbei and accept the advanced culture of the Han people. The Northern Zhou Dynasty became increasingly powerful and began to unify the north, eliminate the Northern Qi, and attack Nanchen to obtain all the land north of the Yangtze River. Emperor Wu lived a frugal life, " Cloth robes, cloth bedding and quilts... There are only more than ten people in the family." He died in 578 at the age of 36.
Emperor Xuan (Yuwen Yun) (Binbei, combined with one character, upper and lower structure. Pronounced: yun) Born: 559 AD - Died: 580 AD (reigned for 1 year)
Emperor Xuan Yuwen Yun, the eldest son of Emperor Wu, was dissolute and addicted to alcohol. After one year of reigning, he became the crown prince. Died in 580 at the age of 22.
Emperor Jing (Yu Wenyan) was born: 573 AD - died: 583 AD (reigned for 2 years)
Emperor Jing Yuwenyan, the eldest son of Emperor Xuan, was 7 years old when he came to the throne. Yang Jian assisted the government. In 581, Yang Jian forced Emperor Jing to surrender to him, established the Sui Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty fell.