The gentry of the Eastern Jin Dynasty can be divided into three categories: representatives of the surnames and ancestors of Jun Wang
1. Lu Fan, Lu Zhi, Lu Chen and Lu Xun of Yangzhuo County since the Eastern Han Dynasty
Xun Yingchuan Lin Ying Xun Shu Xun Xu, Xun Song
Yuan Chenjun Yangxia Yuan Pang Yuan Gui, Yuan Qiao, Yuan Song
Yang Hongnong Huayin Yang Zhen Yang Quanqi
Cai Chen Liu Yuen City Cai Leng Cai Bao
2. The gentry since the Wei and Jin Dynasties
(This is the main body of the gentry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) Directed by Wang Langxie, Linyi Wang Xiang, Wang Dun, Wang Xizhi
Thanks to Chen Guoyang, Xia Xie Heng, Xie Shang, Xie An, Xie Shi
Wen Hui, Wen Xian, Wen Qiao in Qixian County, Taiyuan
Xi Gaoping Jinxiang Xi Jian Xi Jian, Xi Min, Xi Chao
Diao Bohai Rao An Diao Gong Diao Xie
Liu Pengcheng Liu Na, Liu Di Liu Wei
Zhou Runan Ancheng Zhou Pei Zhou Jun, Zhou Wei
Ying Runan Nandun Yingzhu Yingzhan
Bian Jiyin Yuanju Bian Tong Bian Yi, Bian Dun
< p>Guo Hedong Wenxi Guo Yuan Guo PuYu Yingchuan Yanling Yu Gun, Yu Chen Yu Liang, Yu Bing
Huan Qiao Guo Long Kang Huan Yi Huan Wen, Huan Chong, Huan Xuan
Wang Taiyuan Jinyang Wang Chang Wang Hun, Wang Tanzhi, Wang Guobao
Fan Nanyang Shunyang Fan Di Fan Wang, Fan Ning
Liu Pei Guoxiang County Liu Fu Liu Hong, Liu Yun
Liu Zhongshan, Wei Chang, Liu Mai, Liu Yu, Liu Kun, Liu Yan
Zu Wu, Zu Ti and Zu Yue of Fan Yangqiu County
He Lu Jiang Hao County He Zhen He Chong
Chu Henan Yangdi Chu Pei
Zhuge Langxie Yangdu Zhuge Dan Zhuge Hui, Zhuge Changmin
Yin County Magistrate Chen Ping Yin Xian Yin Hao, Yin Zhongwen, Yin Zhongkan
Yangtai Mountain Nancheng Yangtiao, Yangdanyangxiu, Yangjian
Wang Donghai Tan County Wang Su Wang Xun, Wang Kai, Wang Ya
Liu Dong, Laiye County, Liu Yin, Liu Yin
Huan Qiao, Guo Zhi County, Huan Xu, Huan Xuan, Huan Yi
Mao Xing, Yang Yangwu, Mao Bao, Mao Dezu
Sun Taiyuan Zhongdu Sun Zi Sun Chu, Sun Chuo, Sun Sheng
Qianxin Cai Qiantong Qianbao
Jiang Chenliu Yucheng Jiang Rui Jiangtong, Jiang Yun , Jiang Kui
Liu Pengcheng, Pei County, Liu Ji, Liu Yi
Zhu Yiyang, Zhu Tao, Zhu Xu
Weihe Donganyi, Wei Ju, Wei Guan, Wei Jie
p>3. The gentry since the original Wu State
Gu Wu Guo Wu County Gu Yong Gu Rong
Ji Danyang Moling Ji Liang Ji Zhan
Congratulations to Kuaiji Shanyin, congratulations to Xun
Zhang Pengcheng, Zhang Zhao, Zhang Kai
Lu Wu County, Lu Wu County, Lu Yu, Lu Kang, Lu Ji, Lu Yun, and Lu Na
< p>Dai Guangling, Dai Lie, Dai MiKong Huiji Shanyin Kong Qian Kong Yu, Kong Anguo
Ding Huiji Shanyin Ding Guding Tan
Tao Danyang Tao Jitao Hui
Gandanyang Ganning Ganzhuo
The Wang Xie family was a well-known name in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Even in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, where there were many clans, the Wang and Xie clans regarded themselves very highly. Marriages, except entering the palace to marry a dragon and a phoenix, were only conducted within the two clans.
After the demise of the Jin Dynasty, the two families continued to be prosperous. It was not until Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty that the great lord Hou Jing proposed to the two clans and was rejected. He regarded this as a life-long hatred. In the end, when he rebelled, he completely exterminated the Wang and Xie clans. Wang Xie's romance for several generations came to an abrupt end, leaving only Liu Yuxi's poem "Ti Wu Yi Xiang", "In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xie's hall flew into the homes of ordinary people" for future generations to remember.
When Xie Daoyun was the daughter of General Xie Yi of Anxi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, she naturally married into the well-matched Wang family. This cannot but be said to be the source of tragedy in her life. Men are afraid of entering the wrong profession, and women are afraid of marrying the wrong man. This is true in ancient and modern times, and it is inevitable for women as wise as Xie. Once, when Dao Yun went home to visit relatives, his unhappy expression caught the eye of his uncle Xie An. Xie An was very surprised and asked her, "The Wang family is from a famous family, and Wang Ningzhi (Xie Daoyun's husband) is also considered a young talent. Why don't you come here soon?" Dao Yun said sadly: "I have an uncle from the same family, A Dazhonglang. My brother There are also four great talents named Feng Hu Jiemo. Compared with you, Wang Lang is in heaven and earth." Xie An let out a long sigh and had nothing to say.
This is Xie Daoyun counting the talents of his sect. Dao Yun's father, General Xie Yi of Anxi, was a very talented man. Huan Wen, the hero who left a famous saying that "can neither be famous to future generations nor be remembered for eternity" admired Xie Yi very much and respectfully called him Fang. Foreign Sima. Xie Yi has always been free and uninhibited. He once chased Huan Wen for a drink during a dinner. Huan Wen was so drunk that he hid in his inner room. Unexpectedly, Xie Yi, who was drunk, refused to let go and chased him all the way to the inner room. Mrs. Huan Wen was surprised. Under his extreme gaze, he forced Huan Wen to finish the drink. As a result, he fell drunk and slept on their bed for a whole day. Among the uncles, the most important one is Xie An. I won’t go into details about this character. Zhonglang refers to Xi Zhonglang's general Xie Wan, who holds a heavy army and is powerful. He has been deliberately imitating Xie An's demeanor, but he has never been as broad-minded. Among Xie Daoyun's (cousins), there are four great talents named Feng Hu Jiemo: Feng is the nickname of Xie Wan's son Xie Shao, who once served as a chariot and riding Sima. Hu is Xie Lang's nickname. As an official, he once served as the prefect of Dongyang. Jie is even more remarkable. He is Xie Daoyun's brother Xie Xuan. He was the commander-in-chief in the famous Battle of Feishui in history. He defeated the arrogant Qin King Fu Jian's millions of troops and was able to rebuild the country. . The last one was Xie Chuan, who was also quite talented in literature, but died young.
Xie Daoyun compared the talents of the Xie family to the elite. In fact, the talent of her husband's Wang family was not inferior to that of the Xie family. Xie Daoyun's father-in-law was Wang Xizhi, the greatest calligrapher. He and Xie An had a close friendship and mutual admiration. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is unparalleled in ancient and modern times. "Preface to the Lanting Collection" and "Sangluan Tie" are the best calligraphy passed down through the ages. Of course, he is far more than just a calligrapher. At that time, Wang Xizhi and Xie An were known as outstanding for a while, but Wang Xizhi was indifferent to it. His heart was stronger than Xie An's, and he retired to seclusion early. Wang Xizhi had seven sons, only five of whom were famous. The eldest Wang Xuanzhi died early, and the remaining ones were Wang Ningzhi, Wang Huizhi, Wang Zhenzhi and Wang Xianzhi.
Wang Huizhi is Xie Daoyun's brother-in-law and Wang Xizhi's third son. He has always been unruly. When Huan Wen joined the army, he just drank and fooled around all day long. Huan Wen's younger brother Huan Chong couldn't stand it and asked him, "What are you responsible for?" Huizhi replied, "Guard horses." Huan Chong asked, "How many horses do you care about?" Hui Zhi said, "If you don't know the horses, how can you know how many horses there are?" Huan Chong asked again, "How many of your horses have died?" Hui Zhi replied, "How can we know the number of horses?" Know death!" Huan Chong was so angry that he almost fell down. The story that Hui Zhi left behind forever is this story: One day Hui Zhi looked at the bright and boundless moonlight, drank wine and recited Zuo Si's "Poem of Zhao Yin", and immediately recalled his old friend Dai Kui. But Dai Kui's home was far away, so he didn't care. He immediately rowed a boat and rushed to Dai Kui's home. Unexpectedly, he finally arrived at his door in the middle of the night. Huizhi turned around and went back. Others asked him why. He only left behind eight powerful words: "Go with the excitement, and turn against it when the excitement is exhausted." Huizhi's younger brother, Wang Xianzhi, was rarely famous, but his romantic reputation was the highest for a while. Xie An was very optimistic about him and believed that among Wang Xie's descendants, he would be the number one and promoted him to be a long history. Wang Xizhi also liked this son very much. When he was practicing calligraphy when he was a child, Wang Xizhi would swipe his pen from behind, and he would hold his pen firmly every time. He knew that this son would not only inherit his mantle, but would also achieve great success in the future. . Later, Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy was no less than that of his father. Even his father could not help but admire his unique skill of writing abbot's characters on the wall.
Wang Xianzhi devoted himself to government affairs and thought very hard, and became seriously ill from exhaustion at a young age. Huizhi and he had always had a close brotherly relationship. After learning the news, he found a wizard who was willing to die in order to prolong his brother's life. The wizard shook his head and smiled bitterly, "You don't have a long life yourself, so why not?" Can you care about others? Wang Xianzhi soon died of illness, and Hui Zhi went to the funeral without shedding a single tear. He just played the harp in front of his soul to comfort his brother's spirit in heaven. Unexpectedly, he was so sad that he couldn't play the tune. In anger, he smashed the harp to pieces and shouted: , "When Zijing is called, all the people and the piano will perish" (Zijing is Wang Xianzhi's name). Soon he himself died of vomiting blood due to excessive grief. The brotherhood between Huizhi and Xianzhi is no less than that of Boyi Shuqi who starved to death in Shouyang Mountain together.
Later, when Wang Ningzhi was doing the internal history of Kuaiji, Sun En and Lu Xun, the leaders of Tianshi Tao, attacked Kuaiji from the island. The Wang family had believed in Tianshi Tao for generations since the Cao Wei Dynasty. The superstitious Wang Ningzhi He said to his subordinates: "I have invited the Great Immortal De Dao to borrow ghost soldiers to guard various important seaports. You don't have to worry." So the defenders relaxed their guard, and Sun En successfully captured Kuaiji. When others persuaded Wang Ningzhi to escape together, Wang Ningzhi naively believed that he and Sun En were both believers in Tianshi Tao, and Sun En would definitely let him go out of favor with Zhang Tianshi and refuse to escape. Who knows how class conflicts can be reconciled by religion? In this way, Wang Ningzhi became the victim of the peasant uprising army.
As for the Xie family in Chen County during the Six Dynasties, the author has discussed it to varying degrees in previous related results. However, due to one or other reasons, most of these results have not fully explained. place. Today, on the occasion of the "Fuxi and Chinese Surname Culture Seminar" held during the Chinese Surname Culture Festival, I drafted this article for the purpose of research.
1. The historical traces of the Xie family are revealed
The Xie family’s ancestral home was Yangxia, Chenjun (now Taikang, Henan). The origin of the family may be related to Shen Bo during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty. "Shao Si Surname Interpretation" says: Chen County Xie's surname, "Queen Zhou Xuan's middle uncle picked food from Xie, so her surname is Yan." The "Queen Zhou Xuan" here is actually a mistake from "the reign of King Zhou Xuan". Since Shen Bo's food town at that time was in the present-day Nanyang and Tanghe areas, and the Xie family of Chen County's rented residence was only a few hundred miles away from here, it can be considered that the Xie family of Chen County may have migrated from the ancient Xie Yi area. of. According to records such as "Hanshu" and "Houhanshu", during the Han Dynasty, there was a famous scholar Xie Lian in Runan County (governing the southwest of Shangcai, Henan), and there was a scholar Xie Zhen in Zhaoling County (east of present-day Yancheng, Henan). His ancestral home is not far from Yangxia, Chen County. Perhaps, one or both of them have some kind of blood connection with the Xie family.
However, the first person of the Xie family whose history can be verified is Xie Zuan, the general of An Diannong and Zhonglang of Cao Wei and Qi Wangfang. Although the official position he held at that time was not high, because he had the manpower and material resources at his disposal, and the location where he served was one of the centers of Cao Wei, he still laid the foundation for the rise of the Xie family. From then on, Xie Zanzi Heng, Heng Zikun, Kun Di Bao, etc. successively entered official careers in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, winning reputations for their families to varying degrees, and transforming their families from an ordinary family of officials into a family that has been officials for generations. Home. However, it needs to be pointed out that before the middle of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Xie family had not yet formed a first-class family status as famous as the Langxie Wang family, and family members were still looked down upon. The reason is as modern scholar Mr. Yu Jiaxi said: "Although the Xie family is a high-ranking family in Jiangzuo, its name actually became famous after brothers Wan and An. Although Xie Bao's father Heng was known as a Confucian scholar, his official status was limited to the country. The son sacrificed wine, and his achievements were unknown... Later, the Taifu was famous for his virtue, and he was awarded the title of Hu and Jiewei. They competed for glory, so the king and Xie were equally famous. It was passed down to Xie An, Xie Wan, Xie Shi, Xie Shang, Xie Xuan, Xie Yan and others, that is, Xie Zuan's great-grandsons and great-great-grandsons. It was the most glorious and glorious period of the Xie family. At that time, Xie An was promoted to the throne of prime minister due to his superhuman reputation and outstanding political talents. Xie Shang, Xie Wan, Xie Shi, Xie Xuan, Xie Yan and others also led strong troops all over Fangzhen. The people almost monopolized the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, forming a situation of "unrest" with the royal Sima family. Especially in 383 AD, Xie An was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the capital, Xie Shi was appointed as the conquest governor, Xie Xuan was appointed as the forward commander, and Xie Yan was appointed as the general of the auxiliary country. The four people jointly directed a "Battle of Feishui" that shocked the past and the present, creating 80,000 people defeated the 250,000 invaders of the former Qin Dynasty with less, which brought the Xie family infinite glory. Afterwards, Xie An and four other people were granted the title of Duke on the same day, and they were extremely noble. Not only did they receive the rewards they deserved, but they also established the family's first-class status.
From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern Dynasty, it was the golden age of the Xie family. During this period, the Xie family not only had the second highest family status in society, but also enjoyed political, economic, social, cultural and other privileges. Its superior situation was sometimes beyond the reach of even the emperor. According to recent research, in the more than 200 years from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties (AD 317~589), the number of Xie family members in historical biographies was 12 generations, and more than 100 people. Most of them entered official careers and spread throughout the political and military circles, issuing orders, holding high positions, and sometimes manipulating the emperor. During this period, the feudal regime changed from Jin to Song, and then to Qi, Liang, and Chen. After the fall of the country, the emperor's family wanted to be a common people but could not get it. However, they were not restricted by the dynasty and could stay noble for generations. show. Even some founding emperors who came from humble backgrounds regarded it as an honor to be able to have the ascension ceremony hosted by the Xie family in order to enhance their status, and they sometimes disdained such things. It can be seen how special their position was in the politics and society at that time.
During the Six Dynasties, the Xie family still had strong economic strength, owning its own manor, forests and labor force. The imperial court at that time had express regulations that all officials could occupy land, mountains, and tenants according to their official positions. Those with a large number of households could occupy 50 hectares of land and 40 households of tenants. Those with a small number could also occupy 10 hectares of land and 5 households of tenants. household. The Xie clan has many high-ranking officials, so they own a lot of land and labor, so their economic strength is naturally strong. Therefore, in the late Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty, Xie An and Sun Xie Hun were "still prime ministers and assistants, with one family and two titles, more than ten fields, and thousands of servants." More than 10 years after his death, in Jiazhong of the Song and Yuan Dynasties (AD 424-453), when his wife Dongxiang Jun passed away, she had "a fortune of tens of millions, more than ten farms, and other places in Kuaiji, Wuxing, Langxie, Taifu (an), During Sikong Yan's career, there were hundreds of slave boys." Xie Xuan's great-grandson Lingyun owned more land in Shining, Kuaiji, including two mountains, paddy fields and dry fields, five orchards, and a large area of ??bamboo and vegetable gardens. This huge manor economy was second to none among the families at that time.
The Xie family is full of talented people, each with their own strengths. In just over 200 years, China has produced not only many powerful politicians and military strategists, but also many famous writers, artists, thinkers, and poets. Among them, the political and military talents of Xie An and Xie Xuan have long been remembered in history, and the literary achievements of Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao have also attracted the attention of the world. Xie Daoyun was excellent in both poetry and prose, and he was still the leader among women. "In the front there were Feng Hu (Xie Shao) and Yan Mo (Xie Yuan), and in the back there were Lan (Xie Lan) and Ju (Xie Ju)." They were all handsome among the clan. As the saying goes, "Without a gentleman, a country can't be conquered." The reason why the Xie family has been able to be distinguished for many generations is because they have kept the Jiqiu family tradition intact.
Therefore, the Xie family has become a high-ranking family that everyone looks up to. When Liu Fang of the Tang Dynasty commented on the aristocratic families of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, he said: "Those who cross the river have overseas surnames, and Wang, Xie, Yuan and Xiao are the eldest." This ranks the Xie family second among the nobles of the Six Dynasties; the Southern Dynasties Ji Seng Zhen Xiang Qi Emperor Wu requested to be a member of the family, and Emperor Wu of Qi asked him to seek the opinion of the Xie family. It can be seen that in the eyes of the emperor, the Xie family was also the leader of the family. Later, Hou Jing, the Prime Minister of the Liang Dynasty, wanted to marry the Xie family. Emperor Wu of Liang also believed that the Hou Jing family was not of high enough rank and would not marry the Xie family. They are not on the same level. The above-mentioned facts all show that the Xie family was indeed in a special and unattainable position at that time.