Chess is one of the four arts of chess, calligraphy and painting. In ancient China, it was called "Yi", also known as Fangyuan, Black and White, Wulu, Handan, and Wenping. Western name "Go". Go originated in China and is said to be the work of Yao. It has been recorded since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was introduced to Japan via Korea and spread to European and American countries. Some scholars believe that Go contains rich connotations of Han nationality culture and is the embodiment of Chinese culture and civilization.
Shi Xiangxia (1710～1771), named Shaoan and named Ding'an. Born in Haining, Zhejiang, in the 49th year of Kangxi reign (1710) and died in the 35th year of Qianlong reign (1771), he was a famous Go player in the Qing Dynasty. Together with Cheng Lanru, Fan Xiping and Liang Weijin, he was also known as one of the "Four Great Masters of Go in the Qing Dynasty". Together with Fan Xiping and Huang Longshi, he is known as the "Three Great Chess Saints of the Qing Dynasty". The Little Chess Boy in Mocun was also written about him.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong (Aixinjueluo Hongli) played chess with Shi Xiangxia (named Ding'an), a powerful player in the Qing Dynasty. A pair of Yongzi, a national treasure, fired at the official kiln of the Li family in Xiangxia. ——"The Great Power: Invincible"
The Road to Growth
Shi Xiangxia studied in a private school since he was a child. He is an honest and quiet child. His father was an elegant scholar, good at poetry, calligraphy, and painting of orchids and bamboos. After Shi Xiangxia finished his homework, he sat next to his father and watched him play the piano and chess. Gradually, he became interested in this chess game and began to ask his father about the truth.
My father said to him: "To learn piano, you need to be 'elegant', not to be 'overwhelming'. To learn chess, you need to be 'spiritual', but not to be 'sluggish'. You are thin and sick, so it is better to learn piano." "So Shi Xiangxia started learning piano.
One day when Shi Xiangxia was 6 years old, Xu Xingyou, a famous chess player at that time, came to the Shi family as a guest. In the afternoon, he and Shi Xiangxia's father played chess in the courtyard for entertainment. Shi Xiangxia is an honest and quiet child. Although he wanted to watch chess, he was afraid of being scolded by his father, so he had to play the piano alone indoors. The tearful sound of the piano came from the inner room, attracting Xu Xingyou's attention. When he asked about the reason, he said to Shi Xiangxia's father: "Let the child come out and see something."
Before the call came, Shi Xiangxia came to the chess table jumping up and down. He saluted Xu Xingyou and then sat down to watch the chess game. Shi Xiangxia watched the chess game very seriously. Although the game took a long time, he did not feel tired and sat there motionless.
Shi Xiangxia's father was slender and graceful in manner. He was not nervous when facing Yi Lin's strong opponent. Although the defeat was determined, he was still calm and composed. When Xu Xingyou plays chess, he is not aggressive or sharp, but appears to be plain, leisurely, and gentle, and there is always an invisible power in the plainness. Shi Xiangxia's father knew that he was no match for Xu Xingyou, so he went down casually and got out of the trap several times. Shi Xiangxia saw that his father was too cautious and lost several opportunities to counterattack. He had wanted to say it for a long time, but he was afraid of being scolded by his father, so he swallowed it back.
After Xu Xingyou won, he saw Shi Xiangxia still looking at the chessboard intently and thoughtfully, so he asked him what he thought of the game. Shi Xiang and Xia Fasheng asked: "I want to review the situation, okay?" Xu Xingyou happily agreed.
To the surprise of the two adults, the child was able to return to the situation of the middle game, and then pointed out an important move at a critical moment that his father could turn from defense to offense. . Xu Xingyou didn't consider this move at the time. He thought for a moment and then moved on with Shi Xiangxia. Shi Xiangxia was indeed extraordinary. He first walked out of the trap set by the opponent, and then relied on the power of the key piece just now to achieve victory in one fell swoop.
Xu Xingyou was extremely excited and thought he had discovered a genius. He immediately advised Shi Xiangxia's father: "Let the child abandon the piano and learn chess! He will definitely surpass me in the future." and agreed to accept him as his disciple.
But not long after, the father discovered that his son liked Go more than Qin. At that time, Fan Xiping, who was one year older than Shi Xiangxia, learned chess from Yu Changhou. By the age of twelve, he was as famous as his teacher, which made Shi Xiangxia very envious. His father also sent him to Yu Changhou's family.
Shi Xiangxia was unwilling to live under others for a long time. He stayed with Yu Changhou. After being taught by his first three sons for a year, he was able to compete with Fan Xiping. During this period, the old chess player Xu Xingyou also The third son of Shouxian played chess with Shi Xiangxia. The old chess player had a keen eye and valued the young chess player very much, so he gave him his chess book "Kensantang Game Book". Shi Xiangxia lived up to his high expectations. He studied this masterpiece seriously for several years and benefited greatly.
When Shi Xiangxia was twenty-one years old, he met Liang Weijin and Cheng Lanru, two of the four famous families, in Huzhou. The two elders were taught to play a few games of chess with him, from which Shi Xiangxia realized A lot of truth. Two years later, Shi Xiangxia met Liang Weijin again. They traveled to Yanshan Mountain together and were very excited when they saw the flowing water at the foot of the mountain. Liang Weijin said to Shi Xiangxia: "You have played chess well, but have you really understood the secret of it? When playing chess, you have to move when you need to move, and you have to stop when you need to stop. You should let it happen and don't force it. , this is the principle of playing chess. Although you pursue it deliberately, you still have the problem of "too much is not enough", so you have not reached the first level in three years." Shi Xiangxia understood this profound discussion carefully and realized. I used to be very ambitious and took detours. From then on, Shi Xiangxia changed his past chess style and finally became a famous teacher.
In the next thirty years, Shi Xiangxia traveled around Wu and Chu, played chess with many famous players, and exchanged chess skills. After the age of fifty, like Fan Xiping, he also lived in Yangzhou, teaching students, and spent a lot of time training the next generation. It took a lot of hard work and he had many students, but he was always very humble. In his later years in Yangzhou, he also wrote many Go books, leaving a valuable legacy for later chess players.
Shi Xiangxia appeared in the history of chess with his own unique appearance based on the work of his predecessors. In "Guide to the Theory of Chess - Preface", Shi Xiangxia has a very concise discussion of his predecessors and chess players of the same generation: "Since the Holy Dynasty, celebrities have emerged in large numbers, outstanding and virtuous. For example, Zhou Donghou's novelty, Zhou Lanyu's meticulousness, Wang Hannian's "Zi Chaoyi, Huang Longshi is far away. Xu Xingyou is the winner with his mellowness, Lou Zi'en is the winner with his clear agility, Wu Laiyi is the winner with his quietness, Liang Weijin is the winner with his cleverness, Cheng Lanru is the winner with his simplicity, and Fan Xiping is the winner with his energy." It is precisely based on such in-depth research and analysis of other chess players that Shi Xiangxia combined the strengths of each chess player and became a shining star in the cultural history of the Chinese nation.
The leader of hundreds of schools
In the next thirty years, Shi Xiangxia traveled around Wu and Chu, played chess with many famous players, and exchanged chess skills. After the age of fifty, like Fan Xiping, he also lived as a guest Yangzhou teaches students and spends a lot of effort to train the next generation. He has many students, but he is always very humble. In his later years in Yangzhou, he also wrote many Go books, leaving a valuable legacy for later chess players.
Shi Xiangxia appeared in the history of chess with his own unique appearance based on the work of his predecessors. In "Guide to the Theory of Game - Preface", Shi Xiangxia has a very concise discussion of his predecessors and chess players of the same generation: "Since the Holy Dynasty, celebrities have emerged in large numbers, outstanding and outstanding. For example, Zhou Donghou's novelty, Zhou Lanyu's meticulousness, Wang Hannian's "Zi Chaoyi, Huang Longshi is far away. Xu Xingyou is the winner with his mellowness, Lou Zi'en is the winner with his clear agility, Wu Laiyi is the winner with his quietness, Liang Weijin is the winner with his cleverness, Cheng Lanru is the winner with his simplicity, and Fan Xiping is the winner with his energy." It is precisely based on such in-depth research and analysis of other chess players that Shi Xiangxia combined the strengths of each chess player and became a shining star in the cultural history of the Chinese nation.
Comments from others
Deng Yuansui said: "Ding'an is like a huge dip in the sea, with profound implications." Steady and steady play is the main characteristic of Shi Xiangxia's chess style. Shi Xiangxia himself said: "The reason behind the failure is invisible, and the decisive factor is the layout." He wrote in "Self-Inscribed Poems": "If you think about it, you will be sincere and often fail. If you use your hands frequently, you will be less clever. If you don't consult the wonderful principles in silence, even if you are enlightened, it will be vain." Shi Xiangxia particularly emphasized this "quiet". , he said in "General Tips for Every Important Place": "Static energy can brake the work and lose the rest, and attack the weak and soft to overcome the strong." This is consistent with what he said: "The machine is popular, leaving no trace, and hundreds of workmanship create it." "Extreme, salty comes naturally" and "chess stops at the stop", which means the same thing. "Quiet" means "nature" and "stopping", which is what Liang Weijin said to Shi Xiangxia at that time: "walk as you should go" and "stop as you stop". This is not to advocate passivity. Shi Xiangxia always attached great importance to striving for the initiative. He once said: "Easy work and busy work must be snatched away from each other, and both sides must fight for the way forward." This is not inconsistent with "quietness". "When you move, you should move, and when you stop, you should stop." The key is that both "walking" and "stopping" must be active. Only in this way can it be possible to stop with stillness, wait for work with ease, attack weakness with reality, and overcome hardness with softness. This is what Shi Xiangxia The secret of chess style.
National Chess Game
Shi Xiangxia and Fan Xiping were from the same hometown and were of similar age. Before they became famous, the two often played chess together. At first, Shi Xiangxia was not interested in Go. Seeing that Fan Xiping, a fellow villager, was famous for his outstanding chess skills in his hometown, he asked Fan Xiping for advice. At first, Fan Xiping asked Shi Xiangxia to play Go three times. After a year, the two of them could play separately.
Soon they both became apprentices to Yu Changhou, a classmate of ***, who was less than twenty years old. Senior chess players such as Liang Weijin and Cheng Lanru were no match for Fan and Shi, and both of them became world-famous at the same time. People at that time commented on Shi and Fan like this: "Xiping is wonderful and lofty, like a dragon changing, unpredictable from beginning to end. Ding'an (Shi Xiangxia's name) is sophisticated and precise, like an old man galloping without missing a step. Poems about it Li Du (like the poet Li Bai and Du Fu) has been asked to this day."
Later, when the two became national champions one after another, they went their separate ways and rarely got together. According to Hu Jingfu's words quoted in the "Preface to the First Issue of Guoyi", Fan and Shi played ten games of chess in the capital in the late Yongzheng and early Qianlong reigns. Unfortunately, the records of these ten games can no longer be found. Later, in the fourth year of Qianlong's reign, Fan and Shi were invited by Zhang Yongnian of Danghu (also known as Pinghu) to teach chess. Zhang Yongnian asked two famous players to play a game as a demonstration, and Fan and Shi played the famous "Ten Lake Games". There were originally thirteen games, but there are now eleven. The "Danghu Ten Game" is thrilling. It is the most exquisite masterpiece in the lives of Fan Xiping and Shi Xiangxia, and it is also the pinnacle of ancient Chinese games. Chess players of his generation spoke highly of him. Qian Baotang said: "In the past, Baopu Ziyan, who was good at Go, was known as a chess sage in the world. If you are two gentlemen, you really deserve the name of chess sage. Although there are only ten games, they are wonderful forever." Deng Yuansui believed that these ten games were among the best in chess. "It's time".
Published books
After Shi Xiangxia's death, his student Li Liang published "The Sequel to Guidance on Game Theory" for him. The "Secrets" section summarizes almost all the moves of Go at that time. It is a work that comprehensively discusses the tactics of Go and is a very rare masterpiece of classical Go theory in my country. These formulas are based on Shi Xiangxia's lifelong experience of actual combat and research. They have concise syntax and rich content. The level of chess skills in the Kangxi and Qianlong eras, represented by Fan Xiping and Shi Xiangxia, was a peak in the entire history of Go development. Fan Xiping, Shi Xiangxia and others pushed Go to an unprecedented level.
Recommended songs
Song Chuang Chess
Singer: HITA
Lyrics: Su Yaoqing
Music: Xiao Xu Music's "Myth·Thousand Years"
Remembering the game in those days
Bamboo shadows reflected in the small window
Flirting the sleeves and collecting the yin and yang
The sound of tapping the jade is loud
The heart is as quiet as the fragrance of tea
When did the tattoo become a vanity fair
Black and white are overturned in the palm of the hand
p>
Once Chao Ping enters the court
How can the art of chess gradually decline
Look at this gentleman's behavior
Uprightness and purity
One is black, one is white, one is coming and going, everything is pale and yellow
One rises and falls, one falls, another fades, the other grows, the rotten axe grows, and the fragrance is cold
Everything in the universe
See through all kinds of heat and coldness
It is better to go back with a low voice, the wind is clear and the moon is bright
When you go, you should go, you should stop, the clouds are idle, the sky and the earth are vast
The flowing water cannot compete with all things. Sitting there without competition, forgetting each other
The clear sound of white dew drops
Bamboo leaves falling with new frost
Leisurely place, the chess game under the pine window is still cool
p>I once remembered the game I played in those days
The shadow of bamboo swayed in the small window
Flicking my sleeves and collecting the yin and yang
The sound of tapping the jade was loud< /p>
The heart is as quiet as tea and the fragrance is fragrant
When did the tattoo become a vanity fair
Black and white are overturned in the palm of the hand
Once everything is smooth Entering the court
How can the chess skills gradually decline?
Look at this gentleman's hiding place
Uprightness and purity
One black and one white come Once upon a time, everything in the world is pale and yellow
One rises and falls, one fades away, a long rotten ax and a few cold fragrances
All phenomena in the universe
See through all kinds of heat and coolness
It's better to go back with a low voice, the wind is clear and the moon is bright
When you go, you should stop, when you stop, the clouds are idle, the sky and the earth are vast
The flowing water does not compete with all things, there is no competition, sit hidden and forget each other
p>The sound of white dew drops can be heard
Bamboo leaves fall with new frost
Leisurely place, pine window after playing chess, fingers are still cool
This song is Remember Shi Xiangxia in "The Great Power". I like Shi Xiangxia because of his forbearance, tolerance, integrity and kindness. I personally think that this is how a gentleman behaved like jade in ancient times.
Thanks to Director Xiao for making such a great film, thanks to Zhang He for shaping the soul of such a gentleman, and thanks to Tata for his emotional singing, which perfectly explains the character of such a gentleman. When you go, you should go, when you stop, you should stop. There is no competition in the flow of water, and there is no competition in all things. In a leisurely place, the pine window is cool even after playing chess.