When Fan Chengda 17 years old, he was sent to the Ministry of Rites to pay tribute. The next year, my father died and my family became poorer and poorer. Because he struggled for food and clothing and raised his younger siblings, he didn't return to school until his sister got married and joined the imperial examination. Therefore, he later lamented that "if you have a pen to close the house, you will change the boat to Chai Fei."
Since then, Fan Chengda has been studying in Yan Temple in Kunshan and joined their poetry club. Fan Chengda, who was still a teenager at that time, wrote a famous sentence "Don't boast mountains and rivers, cold smoke and cold water are more desolate", sharply criticizing the shameless behavior of the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty to show off half of the country to the rulers.
Fan Chengda's representative works in his early years, such as Fu on Pavilion Palace, On Japan's Strength, National Power and Manpower, and On Shu Nation, were all famous works at that time, with short chapters, plain language and few allusions. For example, "Fu to Guan Wa Palace" alludes to current events by the help of Wu Wang's fu cha, and indulges in debauchery.
1 154, after Fan Chengda was admitted to the Jinshi, he first joined the army to be in charge of Huizhou, and then was called to Beijing to serve as Taiping Huimin and Hutchison Bureau supervisor. He has a smooth career as a librarian.
1 166, Fan Chengda was promoted to foreign minister in the official department, but was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown because the remonstrator accused him of being promoted too fast. 1 169, Fan Chengda was called to North Korea as the minister of rites, and was promoted to the position of Scheeren at the end of the year.
1 170, Zhao Shen, Song Xiaozong, made Fan Chengda as a special envoy to the State of Jin, changed the etiquette of accepting the imperial edicts of the State of Jin, and asked to build a "mausoleum" in Henan. "Generous words" and "full return of the festival" in front of the gold master maintained the prestige of Song Ting and was praised by the ruling and opposition parties.
Later, Jin Shizong replied that Song Xiaozong was allowed to move to the mausoleum and agreed to return it to Zigong, Song Qinzong. In September of the same year, Fan Chengda returned to China and wrote his diary Lu Lanlu and 72 famous poems.
Fan Chengda has a wide range of interests, and his "Lu Lan Ji" records what he saw and heard when he went to Jin State, which is of high historical value. Such as "Rouge Well" and "Hejiang Pavilion", are excellent works to express patriotic feelings by describing the beauty of mountains and rivers.
Fan Chengda was a hawk. Therefore, he wrote 72 four-character poems when he was in Xu Jinguo, which concentrated on his patriotic thoughts, such as:
North and south of the state bridge is Tianjie, and the elders wait to drive back year after year.
Tears asked the messenger: When will the Sixth Army really come?
The girls are sweating, and Yun has a father and a brother in Hu Aixiang.
Slaughtering a handmaiden and killing a slave officer without asking, the punishment is still light.
Kou, an isolated city on the flat ground, was invaded by two demons.
Who sank the land in China when the girders were full of flood risks?
These poems condemned the ignorance of the rulers of the Song Dynasty by praising the mountains, rivers and historical sites in the occupied areas, and conveyed the aspiration of the elders in the Central Plains to recover their lost land. Some poems also record the tragic experiences of the people under the rule of the nobles of the Jin State.
After Fan Chengda returned to Korea, he was highly valued and trusted by Xiaozong. Since then, he has been appointed as the envoy of Sichuan from official to official, and he is the most outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Fan Chengda went to Guilin, returned to his hometown from Shu, and wrote Lu Luan and Liu Wuchuan, describing the beauty of mountains and rivers, local conditions and customs, textual research on rumors and retelling anecdotes. Not only can they be verified, but their travel notes are also brilliant. Their poems are vast, flowery and beautiful, especially the five-character poems.
Historical materials such as Guilin caves, utensils, food, products and folk customs recorded in Gui Lu are especially valuable for studying the local history of Guangxi and the ethnic history of Southwest China.
The records of birds, animals, flowers, insects and fish, such as Ju Pu and Mei Pu written in his later years, are also important materials for studying the history of natural science.
Wu Junzhi is one of the earliest official local chronicles in China, which has always been valued by historians.
When Fan Chengda was a local official, he either tried his best to get rid of abuses, reorganize armaments, or provide disaster relief to build water conservancy projects, so as to reduce the burden on farmers and relieve the suffering of soldiers. Accordingly, his consistent thought of worrying about the country and the people has been fully reflected in his poetry creation.
1 183, Fan Chengda died at the age of 58. Later, in 10, he lived in seclusion in the hometown of Shihu, Suzhou, and built Shihu Villa, calling himself "Shihu lay man". He is as famous as You Mao, Yang Wanli and Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty, and is known as the "Four Poets of Zhongxing".
He started with Jiangxi School, then studied the poems in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, inherited the realism spirit and new Yuefu of famous poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Bai Juyi and Zhang Ji, and finally became his own family.
Fan Chengda's poems are simple in style, fresh and charming, and have a wide range of themes, among which the works that reflect the content of rural social life have the highest achievements.
1 186, Fan Chengda wrote "Sixty Pastoral Poems of Four Seasons" in Shihu, which is the masterpiece of his life's pastoral poems and the epitome of China's ancient pastoral poems. He is also a famous poet.
He is the author of Shihu Poetry Collection, Shihu Ci, Gui, Lu, Lu Luanlu, Wu and Wu Junzhi, etc.
In addition, Fan Chengda also has high attainments in calligraphy. York, a litterateur in the Southern Song Dynasty, called Fan Chengda's calligraphy in "A Praise of Bao Zhai Zhen's Fa Shu":
The pen holder is strong and can be wide or narrow.
Wang Shizhen, a literary leader in Ming Dynasty, also praised Fan Chengda's calligraphy:
Calligraphy goes in and out between Meishan and Zhang Yu, with a pen of rice, mature and beautiful, and the business is bleak.
Fan Chengda and Zhang Xiaoxiang, a famous calligrapher in the Southern Song Dynasty, were called two great calligraphers in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Fan Chengda's works had a significant influence in the Southern Song Dynasty, especially in the early Qing Dynasty, and there was a saying that "the home is south of the sword, and the stone lake is home". "Jian Nan" refers to Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Song Dynasty, and "Shi Hu" refers to Fan Chengda.
1 193, Fan Chengda died in Shihu.
Shihu Villa in Fan Chengda has a long history and has long been forgotten. According to the Records of Hengxi, Mr. Lu once built the Fan Wenmu Gong Temple here, and the three temples were facing the sun, revealing the old Shihu Academy in Kunshan. According to the document Shi Huzhi:
When I met Qi Huangong, I saw that the East Palace said that Shi Hu had worshipped Chen Han, and there was a' longevity oak hall' wishing to get a treasure book, and the Prince gave it a book.
"Shouting Auditorium" was built by Lu Yong, the producer of 15 18, in memory of Fan Chengda. By this time, Fan Chengda had died for 325 years. Inside is the Imperial Monument Pavilion. On the Imperial Monument, there is a stone carving with the word "Shi Hu" with three small characters: "Give it a big one". Below the monument is Fan Chengda's self-report with the words ***47 1.
1520, Lu Yong, an imperial envoy of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt it in the north of Shihu Chamo Mountain and the south of Xingchun Bridge, and renamed it "Fan Wenmu Gongci". The following year, he carved a stone tablet with Fan Chengda's calligraphy Sixty Poems of Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous Glory and embedded it in the temple wall.
16 12, Fan Yunlin of Ming Dynasty rebuilt Fan Wenmu Temple. 1639, Zhang Guo, Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, repaired the temple.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Xu Yang, a court painter and Suzhou native, painted the whole picture of Fanwen Temple at that time, with a large scale, surrounded by mountains, lakes and mountains.
From 65438 to 0798, Fan Laizong, editor of imperial academy in Qing Dynasty, renovated the Fan Wenmu Temple. There are four stone carvings in the gallery written by Wu Xiqi, a writer of the Qing Dynasty, Fan Laizong's book Rebuilding the Fan Wenmu Temple in Shihu. There are also two stone tablets of Tianjingge in the corridor, written by Ren Zhaojiong, an official of the Qing Dynasty, and Wang Wenzhi, a calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty.
Later, during the Tongzhi period, Fan Wenmu Temple was rebuilt. The newly-built Fan Chengda Temple faces east at the back of the mountain lake, with a temple gate and a main hall, connected by cloisters on the left and right, and a courtyard in the middle.
The temple gate is "Fan Wenmu Gong Temple", with three rooms wide and hard at the top of the mountain. The enjoyment hall has three spacious rooms and a hard peak. In the hall, there is a plaque with a statue of Fan Chengda on it. There are couplets on both sides:
Wan Li remembers the place where Wuchuan Shushan Bashui passed;
Qian Qiu worships the temple, the spring and the moon.
There is a statue of Fan Chengda in the center of the hall, dressed in Song costume, with a scroll in his hand and a thoughtful expression. There are 7 stone tablets embedded in the temple wall, which are 60 poems of Fan Chengda's Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellanies. Between the left and right walls, there are 7 stone carvings and pastoral poems in the Ming Dynasty, which are excellent in poetry, calligraphy and engraving, and can be called treasures.