Changan Stone tried to borrow it from Li Jun and stole a copy as a gift for Duke Lu. One day, the Lu gang gave a banquet and took out paintings and calligraphy. Li sat there. He was surprised when he saw this post and said, "This post belongs to my family. Why did you come here? " "Now there is an urgent need to get it back and test it. It is known that the office of the firm is a replica. Li was handed down by Shi Jun and was named Bai.
Entering from the guest wall, it is said that the collection is original and Li's collection is a copy. Li Nai sighed, "I am alone.
Can it be extended? Today, I know I am lonely and cold. -The original.
A Jin dynasty figure Copybook for calligraphy and his son Xu Li together. Chang 'an Yohito borrowed a copy from Mr. Li, stole it and presented it to Lu Gong Wen Yanbo, who mistook it for an original.
One day, Duke Lu entertained guests and showed them his collection of paintings and calligraphy. Li was there at that time. When he saw this copybook, he was surprised and said, "This copybook belongs to my family. Why did you suddenly come? " So I hurried to let the slave go home and take it home to check it myself, only to know that Lu Guoji is a description book. Only then did Li know that it was a historical biography, so he told Lu. However, all the guests came in like a wall, saying that Lu Guogong collected real books, while Li collected descriptive books. Li couldn't help feeling: "They are outnumbered and I have few people. How can we defend ourselves?" Today I know the pain of loneliness! " .
Meng Qian Bitan is a book about what it is. In a word, it is a book that introduces the scientific and technological achievements in ancient China, mainly in the Northern Song Dynasty. The contents of Meng Qian Bitan and Meng Qian Bitan record in detail the outstanding contributions of working people in science and technology. His own research results reflect the brilliant achievements of natural science in ancient China, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty. Meng Qian's pen talk consists of three parts: pen talk, non-pen talk and continuous pen talk. The 26 volumes of Bi Tan are divided into 17 subjects, which are "stories, dialectics, music, image, personnel, government affairs, wit, art, calligraphy and painting, skills, uses and literature" in turn. There are 609 books (different versions are slightly different), covering astronomy, calendar, meteorology, geology, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, agriculture, water conservancy, architecture, medicine, history, literature, art, personnel, military, law and many other fields. In these articles, they belong to anthropology, archaeology, linguistics and other literary subjects. It belongs to natural science, accounting for about 36% of the total, and the rest are personnel information, military affairs, law and anecdotes, accounting for about 46% of the book. In nature, Meng Qian Bitan belongs to the notebook category. In terms of content, more than one-third of the space is used to describe and expound natural science knowledge, which is rare in notebook writing. Because Shen Kuo himself has a high scientific literacy, the science and technology he described basically reflects the scientific development level of the Northern Song Dynasty and his own research experience, so he is praised as "the coordinate in the history of science in China" by modern people. For example, Meng Qian Bi Tan-Eighteen Volumes-Skills correctly and in detail records the clay movable type printing invented by Buyi Bi Sheng, which is the earliest reliable historical data about movable type printing in the world and has been highly valued by the international literary and historical circles. In addition, other important scientific and technological inventions and figures in the Northern Song Dynasty have been handed down from generation to generation because of the records in this book, such as Yu Hao's "Wood Classic" and its architectural achievements, the ingenious method of three customs clearance in water conservancy projects, Huainan Buyi Weipu's mastery of the calendar, Dengzhou Sun Sigong's explanation of the rainbow, and Lu Longjuan's "rolling steel" and "pouring steel" skills in Hebei. Moreover, the book also recorded many original opinions of Shen Kuo, which further promoted the scientific development of the Northern Song Dynasty. This paper evaluates the book Meng Qian Bi Tan written by Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, and summarizes many scientific and technological achievements in ancient China, mainly in the Northern Song Dynasty, which plays an important role in China and world history. Joseph Needham, a British scholar, called Shen Kuo "the most outstanding figure in the history of science in China". Meng Qian Bitan is a milestone in the history of science in China. In astronomy, Meng Qian Bitan explained Shen Kuo's many original opinions on the development of astronomical instruments such as armillary sphere, leaky carving and standard watch, described his important discovery that the sun is shrinking and his suggestion on implementing the "twelve-gas calendar" in the solar calendar. The book also accurately describes the five-star trajectory and calculates the monthly intersection angle between the moon and the ecliptic. Correctly explained the moon's profit and loss phenomenon, invented a method to accurately determine the position of polar stars, recorded and described the characteristics and falling process of meteorites in detail, and pointed out the existence of iron meteorites. These are all important achievements worth mentioning in the history of astronomy. In physics, Meng Xi Bitan described what mathematicians called "lattice technology", which Shen Kuo used to explain the imaging of pinhole and concave mirror, and opened up a new optical field of "lattice optics". Shen Kuo's careful thinking has many advantages. In addition, Shen Kuo also discussed the different installation methods of the compass, and recorded the artificial magnetization method of the compass "grinding with a magnet" and the phenomenon of the compass "often slightly to the east and not completely to the south" (Volume 24), thus affirming the existence of the magnetic declination. In acoustics, Shen Kuo described in Meng Qian Bi Tan that a small paper figure was attached to the strings to verify the sound. About 700 years earlier than similar inventions in Europe. Mathematically, Meng Xi Bitan discussed the stacking problem and established the gap product technique, the essence of which is to solve the summation problem of higher-order arithmetic progression. The book also discusses the circle technique. Starting from the calculation field, Shen Kuo studied the relationship among arc, chord and vector in a circular bow, and obtained a new approximate formula for the area of the bow. The establishment of gap product method and circle method opened up a new direction for the development of ancient mathematics in China. In Geological Geography, Meng Qian Bi Tan records Shen Kuo's investigation on the geomorphology and geology of Yandang Mountain in Zhejiang and Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, and clearly puts forward the theory of flowing water erosion. The book also demonstrates the climate change in ancient and modern times through the discussion of fossils, and also involves ore resources, pointing out that there are vitriol in the mountain stream of Jiangxi Lead Mountain, which can be used for copper smelting. It is found that the oil in northern Shaanxi can be used for lighting and ink making (Volume 24). In the aspect of map making, the invention of making three-dimensional maps with melted wax and sawdust in Shen Kuo is described, which is about 700 years earlier than that in Europe. In map making, the description of the relative orientation of the county has been increased from the traditional 8 orientations to 24 orientations, and special attention has been paid to the measurement of the linear distance between the two places-"the number of birds flying". It makes the relative position of counties more reliable. In biomedicine, Meng Qian Bitan has many records, and most of them are accurate and detailed. It can distinguish authenticity and correct the shortcomings of ancient books. In addition, Meng Qian Bitan also recorded politics, military affairs, law, personnel, some anecdotes and artistic stories at that time in a large space. It is very important for tribute to disturb the people and the northwest army. All this is well documented. This book has important reference value for studying the society, politics, science and economy of the Northern Song Dynasty. Meng Qian Bi Tan also reflects Shen Kuo's academic thoughts and methods, and is the main reference material for studying Shen Kuo's scientific thoughts. Concerned about Meng Qian Bitan: After it came out, it was concerned by the academic circles and soon published and printed. This book is known to have been published in the second year of Southern Song Dynasty. Today, only the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty carved the main roads. Three popular editions, namely, original edition, supplementary edition and continuation edition, were first published in Renhai. 1956, Shanghai Publishing Company published Hu Daojing's "Meng Qian Bi Tan School Certificate", with detailed textual research. 1957, Zhonghua Book Company published Nuts.
3. True and False Wenmin Classical Chinese Translation True and False Wenmin Original Text and Notes: A family in Xin 'an wants Wenmin's book and is afraid of quality.
Look for Wenmin's guests, let them have thick coins and intervene. The host and guest each performed a ceremony and ordered T to grind ink to make it thick. So he let go of his hand, and Jia was very grateful. Hold in guanyin temple, passers-by see it, all sigh.
The next year, Jia Fu returned to Songjiang. When I passed by the government office, I saw the keeper of the temple and the intruder, whose name was Huang Zongbo. Jia Wang certainly doesn't look like the one who wrote his own book last year. Hou 6 came out to have a look. It was completely different. He couldn't help crying loudly. Culture and education stopped to ask questions, and Jia told the whole story.
Wen Min smiled and said, "People gave you two things, and I pity your sincerity. Now you can be a calligraphy book with me. " Jia daxi, it was a real pen.
Praise others, and people who know it often say that previous books are lower than works. (Selected from Ye Ting's "Fried Gulong Fishing Talk") My Note 1 ① Wen Min: Dong Qichang, a famous painter and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.
The word Xuanzai was born in Huating (now Songjiang, Shanghai). The official history of Nanjing does. Say, ② Zhu: Right. 3 thick coins: gifts.
Shoulder size: sedan chair. The usage of the noun is to sit in a powder sedan chair. ⑤ Zongbo: Official name, another name for The Book of Rites. ⑤ A: Or, wait.
All landowners give easy, bully and make it up. 8 Work: Very good, very good. A businessman in Xin 'an wants to collect Dong Qichang's works, but he is afraid of buying fakes. I went to consult an acquaintance in Dong Qichang and he asked me to prepare a large sum of money.
Acquaintances lead businessmen to Dong Qichang's house, and the two sides are very considerate in etiquette. Let the children grind the ink, and the ink is suitable. Dong Qichang got up, waved his hand and handed it to the businessman.
The businessman was overjoyed and thanked him again and again. Take it home and hang it in class. When the guests came to see it, they were all amazed.
The following year, the businessman went to Songjiang again and happened to pass by the government office. He saw a sedan chair come in. It is said that Dong Qichang is in the sedan chair. When the businessman sees the other person's face, he is by no means the one who wrote for himself in the first year.
When he came out, the businessman looked at it carefully, and his appearance was very different. The businessman couldn't help crying loudly. Dong Qichang stopped the car and asked why. The businessman told the whole story in tears.
Dong smiled and said, "You have been cheated. I pity your sincerity, and I will write you another picture. " The businessman was so happy that he finally got the original. "
Take it home to show off, but most people who know calligraphy say that the former is better.