Eastern Jin Dynasty
Nun is also called Bhikkhuni (Sanskrit Bhikkhuni), which is a transliteration of Sanskrit, a Buddhist term, commonly known as nun. , Dong's daughter, and Shamoni, a woman who becomes a monk at the age of twenty and has received full ordination is called a bhikshuni. The first bhikshuni in China was Jingqian. In the first year of Dongshan's reign (357), he received full ordination and officially became a bhikshuni.
According to the "Bhikshuni Sutra of the Great Love Path", the bhikshuni's ordination began with the Buddha's aunt Mahaprajapati (the Great Love Path). She swore to abide by the Eight Dharma and was allowed to become a monk. ordination. In our country, according to Volume 1 of "Bhikshuni Biography", during the Jianxing period of the Western Jin Dynasty (313-317), the nun Jingjian shaved his hair and received the ten precepts from Salmon Zhishan in the Western Regions. In February of the first year of Shengping (357), Tan Mojiado was invited to set up a bhikshuni ordination altar, and Jingqian and other three people received full ordination on the altar. This was the beginning of the bhikshuni ordination in our country. In Japan, the daughter of Sima Da and others became a monk from Goryeo, and later went to Baekje to receive full ordination, which was the beginning of it. Regarding the precepts of bhikshuni, after the death of the Buddha and before the division of the sect, the teachings were extremely strict. After the tribe split and split again, the bhikshuni became more relaxed. However, because it is said that women have many obstacles, they also have many precepts. According to the "Four Parts Vinaya", bhikkhus must observe 250 precepts, while bhikshuni must observe 348 precepts.
According to the Biography of a Bhikshuni written by Liang Baochang of the Southern Dynasties, the first bhikshuni in China who cut off her hair and took ordination in accordance with the precepts was the Jingqian of Zhulin Temple in Luoyang. Jingjian's common surname was Zhong and his given name was Lingyi. He was from Pengcheng (now Xuzhou). His father's name was Zhong Dan, who once served as the mighty governor of Gansu. Jingjian was diligent and studious when she was young. As she got older, she was especially good at piano, calligraphy and painting. She was a versatile woman. During the Jianxing period of the Western Jin Dynasty (313-317), Jingqian was issued from the monk Zhishan of Shamen in the Western Regions, received the Ten Precepts, and became the first monk and nun in China. Jingqian and 24 others who had the same ambitions built the first nun temple, Zhulin Temple, at the west gate of Luoyang Palace City. During the Xiankang period of the Jin Dynasty (335-342), many foreign ascetics set up altars on boats and preached ordination on floating boats in Surabaya. Four people including Jingjian went to the altar in the boat and received full ordination from the great monk. Jingqian became the first woman in China to become a monk according to the precepts, and is regarded as the first bhikshuni in China. Master Jingjian passed away at the age of 70.
Jingqian lived during the Western Jin Dynasty (291-361). In troubled times, how does a weak woman shoulder the burden of educating all sentient beings? From birth to growth, he experienced the sweetness of love, but also suffered misfortune. Her husband and father passed away in troubled times one after another. She and her mother depended on each other, just like floating in the clouds in troubled times. Fortunately, I met an eminent monk who enlightened me, so I gave up my three thousand worries and became a bhikshuni who can save all sentient beings. Like thunder in the clear sky waking up the world. From now on, it is no longer only the responsibility of men to carry out the Tathagata's family business, but women can do the same. The life of Master Jingjian interprets the teachings in the Lotus Sutra: "What body should be used to save a person, then what body should be used to teach the Dharma."