A farmhouse by the Weihe River.
Wang Wei
In the setting sun of the country, the cattle and sheep return in the poor lane.
A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy.
Pheasant ④ Embroidering wheat seedlings, sleeping silkworms and peeling mulberry leaves.
Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially.
No wonder I long for a simple life and sigh the old song, oh, back to the past! (5).
Translation:
Sunset fell on the fence of the village market, and the grazing cattle and sheep returned to the depths of the alley. An old man in the village. Leaning on crutches in front of the firewood door. A shepherd boy is waiting to go home after grazing. In the wheat field with blooming ears, there are pheasants. Mulberry leaves are sparse, and silkworms can spin silk. Farmers who come back from the fields carry hoes and greet each other when they meet. This is the scene. How can I not envy the tranquility of seclusion, recite the poem of "decline", intend to retire but can't do so, and my mood is inevitably chaotic and melancholy.
Precautions:
① Weichuan: that is, Weishui. Tianjia: Farmhouse originated in Gansu Bird and Mouse Mountain, passed through Shaanxi and flowed into the Yellow River.
② Ruins: villages.
③ poor lane: deep lane.
④ Pheasant (zhò gò u): Pheasant chirps.
⑤ Decline: The title of The Book of Songs contains the phrase "Decline, Decline, Hu Bugui", which means seclusion.
Writing background:
This is an idyll written by Wang Wei in his later years. The poem describes some common rural scenery in early summer and evening: sunset, cattle and sheep returning, old people leaning on sticks, spitting wheat seedlings, sparse mulberry leaves, Fu Tian lotus hoe ... These early summer scenery are extremely ordinary, and the author writes casually, but full of poetry. It embodies the artistic characteristics of Wang Wei's poetry "painting in poetry". Wang Wei's quiet and lovely performance in the countryside is a reflection of his mood at that time, and also his dislike of officialdom life.
Appreciate:
The afterglow of the sunset reflected the village (the market fell), and the cattle and sheep returning to the pasture poured into the village lane. The old man missed his grandson who went to graze, and was waiting for his return outside Chai Men on crutches. In the sound of the pheasant, the wheat has germinated, and the silkworm who has eaten enough mulberry leaves begins to sleep. The harvest year is just around the corner, and the farmers returning from Hoho meet each other and talk about their daily life with emotion. This beautiful scenery reminds the poet of the fatigue of official infighting, and he feels how peaceful and comfortable it is to live in such a rural area. I can't help singing "Decline, Decline, Hu Bugui?" In the Book of Songs. It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? ), indicating his interest in seclusion in the countryside. Wang Wei is proficient in music, calligraphy and painting, and has profound artistic accomplishment; Su Dongpo commented that there are paintings in his poems and poems in the paintings. The above poem can be said to be an idyllic painting.
As the sun sets and night falls, the poet can't help admiring the picture of Tian's family coming home late. The core of poetry is the word "return".
At the beginning, the poet first described the scene of the sunset slanting on the village, and rendered the strong atmosphere of dusk as the general background, which was in charge of the whole article. Then, the poet fell on the word "return", describing the scene of cattle and sheep slowly returning to the village, which naturally reminds people of several poems in the Book of Songs: "The chicken lives in the depression, the day is over, and the cattle and sheep come down. The gentleman is in service, why not? " The poet watched the cattle and sheep return to the village affectionately until they disappeared into the deep alley. At this time, the poet saw a more touching scene: outside Chai Men, a kind old man was waiting for the children who came back from grazing on crutches. This pure feeling with the fragrance of earth infected the poet and seemed to share the joy of the shepherd boy returning home. After a while, he felt that all life in this field seemed to be homesick at this dusk. Isn't it? The pheasant in the wheat field is so emotional that it is calling its mate; There are not many mulberry leaves left in the mulberry forest. Silkworms began to spin cocoons, set up camp in their comfort zone and find their own home. In the field, farmers came back in twos and threes, carrying hoes, met by chance on the field path, and whispered affectionately, almost forgetting to come back. Seeing all this, the poet was deeply moved by his own situation and life experience. Since Prime Minister Zhang Jiuling was pushed out of the imperial court in the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Wang Wei felt that he had lost his political support and was in a dilemma. In this state of mind, he came to Yuanye and saw that everyone had a home, but he was still wandering in the middle. How can he not be envious and disappointed? So the poet's emotional department said, "No wonder I yearned for a simple life and sang" Decline "in disappointment." In fact, farmers are not idle. However, the poet thinks that compared with his fearful official life, farmers are much more stable and comfortable, so they have leisure. "Decline" is one of the poems in the Book of Songs. It is repeatedly recited: "Decline, decline, Hu Bugui?" In order to express the urgent mood of seclusion in the countryside, the poet not only embodies the first sentence "Sunset shines on ruins" in artistic conception, but also falls on the word "return" in content, which makes the description of scenery and lyric fit seamlessly and reveals the theme seamlessly. After reading this last sentence, I suddenly realized that so many "replies" written in front of me are actually a contrast, and everyone replies, reflecting that they have gone and never returned; Everyone returned in time, cordial and comfortable, and compared their loneliness and depression in officialdom when they retired late. This last sentence is the focus and soul of the whole poem. It is superficial to think that the poet's original intention is to complete the picture of Tian Jia returning late. The whole poem is not carved or painted, just a stick figure, natural and fresh, full of poetry. (Fu Ruyi)