At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, when some Indian people were still shrouded in Wen Peng and He Zhen's "Zhejiang Linhetian School for a long time" (Wang's Continued Biography of Printing Family) and the southeast Indian circles were competing for beauty, the Zhejiang School, headed by Ding Jing, suddenly emerged, bringing a fresh breath to seal cutting in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.
Seal cutting in Pingyang, Huang Yi in Qing Dynasty
Ding Jing (1695- 1765), a native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, was nicknamed Lin Yan, Ding Jushi and Long Hongshan. Children's eye stone calligraphy and painting, good at poetry and songs. Gan Long's "Official Records of Hangzhou" records that "every slave who enters the ancient times is good at seal cutting and copying, unless he is a life story, he can't get a word." Yuan Mei's poem calls it "a gentleman lives in seclusion, but is widely distributed in the world" (Poems of Fang Shan in Ogura). Ding Jing has a strong sense of independence in seal cutting, and once wrote a poem to express his feelings: "The ancients thought about seal cutting, and it was as loose as a cloud on the ridge. When they saw the wonders of the Six Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, why did they still cling to the writing of the Han family "(on the quatrains of printing).
Ding Jing's prints were found in Qin, Han, Song and Yuan Dynasties, but he was not moved by them. He absorbed the knife techniques of Zhu Jian and Wei Zhi, further strengthened its characteristics and formed a personalized and mature knife technique. The lines he carved are boundless in Gu Zhuo. The seal cutting techniques of works are simple, official and simple. Composition, advocating fairness and nature, expressing spirit, thus reflecting the harmony and unity of knife-cutting, seal cutting and composition, has a Shan Ye atmosphere beyond the secular.
At that time, Wang commented that he "pulled out the wind, printed the lamp and continued the flame, and made great contributions" (Biography of the Continued Printers). Ding Jing's printing method has taken on a new look, and Zhejiang Indian people with Hangzhou as the center have followed suit. Its branch has not declined for nearly 200 years, so it is called "Zhejiang School" or "Xiling Indian School".
Ding Jing's seal cutting in Ding Jing in Qing Dynasty
The six-sided seal of "Zunti" is one of his masterpieces. The stone seal was burned and badly damaged, and it was a treasure after being robbed. According to Wei Xizeng's "Residual Spectrum after Shulai Ancient Hall", Ding Jing made this six-sided seal after obtaining the overlapping seal made by Liang Jue in Ming Dynasty, which had lost its sub-seal. He Yuanxi, who loved Ding Jing's seal cutting during Jiaqing and Daoguang years, collected the impressions of Ding Jing, Jiang Ren, Huang Yi and Xi Gang in many ways, and compiled them into a score, among which the well-printed facial makeup was preserved. This printing form includes many types of China printing and Zhu Wen printing in the Song and Yuan Dynasties: calm and vigorous as Ding Jingyin, vigorous and vigorous as "respecting body seal" with a refreshing single knife, and round and concise with short cuts in Zhu Wen's "respecting body", which can be described as a step-by-step harmony and charm, showing Ding Jing's profound skill.
Jiang Ren, Huang Yi, Xi Gang, Dong Xun and Zhang Yanchang are representative writers of the early Zhejiang School. The first three people, together with Ding Jing, are all Qiantang people, collectively known as the "four families of Xiling". Dong and Zhang, who are not the same family, were once listed outside the Xiling Indian School. This is a phenomenon formed by cadastral schools in history.
Jiang Ren (1743- 1795), formerly known as Tai, has a flat word order. Because I got an ancient bronze seal of "Jiang Renyin" in Pingshan Hall, Yangzhou, I changed my name and changed the word "Shantang". Don't pay attention to Jiro lay, female sleeping mountain people, etc. He is famous for his books, paintings and poems, and he is brilliant. Jiang Ren's family was poor and lonely, leaving few works. Seal cutting comes out in a simple and exquisite style, which is characterized by simple, elegant, ups and downs of trimming methods and clear brushwork. Zhao's "Yangzhou Book" comments that it is "nine clumsy and one clever pregnancy", which is a very profound comment.
Huang Yi (1744- 1802), whose word is dayi, is named Komatsu and Qiu 'an. Zeng Guan knew the Jining Canal in Shandong. Specializing in calligraphy and painting, he devoted his life to the search and textual research of inscriptions, and wrote "Little Penglai Pavilion Stone Carving". Huang Yi's works, in the early years, the knife light fluctuated greatly and went deep into the stone, so they were bright, but later they became shortcuts, concise and muddy, with profound implications. Its Zhu style is natural and natural, and it is unique among Zhejiang and Indian people.
Huang Yi's seal-cutting poem in Qing Dynasty: Bamboo tea boiled outside the window.
Xigang (1746- 1803), formerly known as Steel, was nicknamed Tiesheng, Luokan and Mengquan Waishi. Both his paintings and Liang's calligraphy are valued by contemporary people. Xi Gang has a heroic personality and is known as an alcoholic. He is "full of fun, and the alcohol comes out of his sleeve" (Jiang's Story). His seal cutting style is characterized by Gu Zhuo's seclusion, his printing style is introverted, and the vernacular is also seen by Fiona Fang, so his power is implicit.
Luoan, a master of Xigang seal cutting in Qing Dynasty
Zhang Yanchang (1738- 18 14), a native of Haiyan, Zhejiang. I am Ding Jing's disciple. He is the author of Jinshi Qi, Textual Research on Shi Guwen and Jutang Seal. The work is simple, true and interesting.
Dong Xun (1740- 18 12 years later), a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was able to carve Ding Jing's charm with seal cutting and wrote "On the Songs of Many Wild Zhai".
Zhang Yanchang's seal cutting in Qing Dynasty
Jiang Ren, Huang Yi, Xi Gang and others have developed Ding Jing's seal cutting techniques from different aspects, enriching the style and image of this school. During the Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng periods in the Qing Dynasty, Zhejiang School presented a grand occasion of followers. Chen Yuzhong, Chen Hongshou, Zhao, who were inscribed in Qiantang, are called "the last four schools of Xiling" and are the representatives of Zhejiang School in the later period.
Chen Yuzhong (1763- 1806), whose real name is Junyi, is from Tang Qiu. The seal style is neat, subtle and rigorous, and the knife method is the most introverted among the philosophers of Zhejiang School. "alto" is the author's own seal, with Chen's name, personality and fasting number engraved on all sides, and its style is steady and rigorous.
Chen Yuzhong's seal cutting is a symbol of wealth.
Chen Hongshou (1768- 1822), whose surname is male, is Mansheng. He was once a shogunate in Ruan Yuan, then a magistrate in Liyang County, Jiangsu Province, and later a river worker. Chen Hongshou is good at painting and calligraphy, and he can write poems. He once cooperated with the famous ceramist Yang Pengnian to make purple teapot in Liyang. He is a man of many talents. The cutting technique of seal cutting is bold and refreshing, with bright rhythm and profound and cold characteristics.
In Qing Dynasty, Chen Hongshou asked about Mei's seal cutting.
Both Chen's printing styles are exquisite and refined. Chen Yuzhong is dignified and restrained, handsome and simple, Chen Hongshou is smart and concise, and Gu Zhuo has won people's praise.
Zhao (178 1- 1852), the word leisure, is dedicated to his father. Zhao pushed the characteristics of Zhejiang school to the extreme with a steep knife method. Zhao Yisheng is rich in creation, diverse in printing styles and full of fun, which has publicized Ding Jing's tradition. In his later works, the skills of using saber and composition tend to be stylized.
Seal cutting from Zhao Chen to Lin Shaomu in Qing Dynasty (for Lin Zexu)
Song Qian (18 18- 1860), whose real names are Uncle Gai and Naiqing, was named Tielu and Xiguo Waishi. He is a unique figure in the late Zhejiang School. The knife method and seal cutting method of money are different from usual. The engraving is pushed and cut, and the lines are very astringent. He once put forward the knife method of "but doing things with a pen" on the edge of Li Zhou Borrowing View. Song Qian's seal cutting method was clumsy, and Fiona Fang was good at creating momentum with mutual reference, which was vague and indifferent.
Seal cutting in Song Qian and seal in Zhao Guang in Qing Dynasty
Zhejiang seal cutting was first known to the world, and was edited by He Yuanxi and Zhu He in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty and Fu Yong and Ding Bing in Guangxu period, which was praised and greatly influenced. After the end of the Qing Dynasty, descendants of Zhejiang School moved into neighboring cities one after another, becoming a team of artists quite similar to Huizhou Indians in the late Ming Dynasty.
In this camp, Zhong Yijing, Wu Yin, Ye Ming, Gao Shixian, Ding Ren and Gao Shifu are typical, while Wang Zhai, Tang Yuanye, Han Dengan and Wupu are famous artists who inherited the seal script style of Zhejiang School from the end of the 9th century to the middle of the 20th century.
Zhong Yijing (1867- 19 17) was deeply impressed by the Zhao method, and his arrangement and drawing were both physically and mentally advanced. Sculpture is also exquisite and elegant, which is a model of Zhejiang seal cutting in this period.
Zhong Yijing sealed Fulu.
Wu Yin, Ye Ming, Ding Ren and Wang Qiao are the founders of Xiling Printing Society.
Wu Yin (1867- 1922), whose real name is Shi Qian and whose real name is Qian Quan, was sent to buddhist nun by another department. People from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. When I was a child, I learned to carve stone tablets, from technology to Taoism. After I became weak, I studied Shanghai and devoted myself to the dissemination of stone carving materials. Wu Yin and his stepmother Sun Jin (Zhiyun), sons Wu Xiong and Wu Zhenping are all members of the printing press.
(1867- 1948), also known as Ye Zhou Ming. I am from Shexian and live in Hangzhou. Ye collected historical biographical data for many years, and wrote sixteen volumes of Biography of Guangyin People and an Addendum, which recorded 1886 Indian people in past dynasties, which is the most complete list of Indian people in the history of seal cutting.
Ye Ming seal carving Gong Hu
Ding Ren (1879- 1949), supplemented by the word. Hangzhou, Zhejiang. He is a descendant of the "Eight Thousand Volumes Building" in Shi Ding. Ding Rencheng inherited eight works of Zhejiang School collected by his family, and edited and expanded Selected Prints of Eight Schools in Xiling twice in 1904 and 1907. Published "Collected Works of Bo Shang" and so on.
Ding ren zhuan ke
Wuyin's seal cutting has ancient lines, and its layout is based on the ancient seal and China seal. He studied under the seal cutting of Deng school, and the knife method was somewhat harmonious. Ding Ren is also good at painting, and his calligraphy is good at Oracle Bone Inscriptions's brushwork. He manages printing with a strong knife, and the typesetting is comfortable and elegant.
Wu yin zhuan ke
On the basis of inheriting the simple and simple seal cutting techniques of Zhejiang School, the Indian School, which is represented by the thought, absorbed the round vitality of Deng School and the ancient seal cutting and seal writing forms of Zhu seal cutting in Song and Yuan Dynasties, enhanced its elegance and broadened its creative techniques. Flexible knife handling has formed wings that are in line with Gu Zhuo's youthful vitality and elegant style, bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new, and injecting vitality into the inheritance of Zhejiang School's Indian style in the new period.
Elvis Presley (1880- 1960), whose real name is Wei Ji, is from Fuan. When I was young, I was famous for calligraphy and seal cutting. Seal script and official script are dignified and quiet, with profound skills. He used to be the appraisal committee member of the Antiquities Exhibition Institute of Beijing Palace Museum and the director of the preparatory committee of China Jinshi Seal Carving Research Association.
Wang Ge seal cutting
Tang Yuan Ye (1886- 1969) and Wang Ge were the backbone of Zhejiang School in the Republic of China. When he was young, Tang traveled to Hangzhou with his grandfather, fascinated by the style of writing in central Zhejiang, and studied epigraphy and calligraphy seal cutting. Later, he worked with Wang Gan and Feng Kanghou in the Bureau of Casting and Printing of the National Government.
Tang Yuanye's seal cutting embellishes his father's precious appreciation.
Han Dengan (1905- 1976) and (1922- 1966), two great calligraphers of Wang, devoted their lives to seal cutting, and their seal cutting styles have been passed down to the Wangs, with their own innovations.