Fang Xuanling (579～648)
Name: Fang Xuanling
Alias: Fang Qiao
Birthdate: 579< /p>
Nationality: Han
Died date: August 18, 648 (lunar calendar)
Place of Birth: Linzi, Qizhou
Region: Qizhou Linzi
Country: Tang Dynasty, China
Occupation: Founding Prime Minister
Belief: inclusive
Famous prime minister in the early Tang Dynasty. His first name was Qiao, and his courtesy name was Xuanling (some say his name was Xuanling, and his courtesy name was Qiao). A native of Linzi, Qizhou (now northeast of Zibo, Shandong). Xuanling was well-read in classics and history, and was good at writing and writing. When he was 18 years old, he was promoted to Jinshi in his state and was awarded the titles of Yuqiwei and Xichengwei successively. During the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan led his troops into the Pass. Xuanling surrendered to Li Shimin in Weibei. He went on many expeditions with the King of Qin, served as a counselor and secretary, and served as the secretary of the King of Qin's palace. Every time a place was conquered, others were vying for treasures, but he was the first to recruit talents for the King of Qin and the shogunate. He and Du Ruhui were the most effective counselors of the King of Qin. In the ninth year of Tang Wude's reign (626), he participated in the planning of the Xuanwu Gate Incident and shared the first place with Du Ruhui, Changsun Wuji, Yuchi Jingde, and Hou Junji. Tang Taizong Li Shimin came to the throne, and Xuanling was appointed Zhongshu Ling. In February of the third year of Zhenguan (629), he became Shangshu Zuopushe and supervised the compilation of national history. In the eleventh year, he was granted the title of Duke of Liang. Together with Du Ruhui and Wei Zheng, he was an important assistant to Emperor Taizong. In July of the 16th year, Sikong ascended the throne and still managed the affairs of the state. He was ordered to rewrite the Book of Jin. When Taizong conquered Goguryeo, he stayed in the capital. Died of illness in twenty-two years.
Before Zhenguan, he assisted Li Shimin in managing the four directions, defeating the heroes and seizing the throne. Li Shimin praised him for his "efforts in planning strategies and determining the destiny of the country." During the Zhenguan period, he assisted Taizong, commanded a hundred divisions, and was in charge of government affairs for 20 years; he participated in the formulation of laws and regulations, presided over the revision of laws and regulations, and practiced Tang rites with Wei Zheng; he adjusted government agencies and merged provincial and central officials; he was good at merging provincial and central officials. When employing people, we do not ask for preparation, nor do we ask whether they are high or low. They are appointed according to their talents; they abide by their duties and do not take credit for themselves. Later generations regarded him and Du Ruhui as examples of good prime ministers, and they were collectively known as "Fang Mou Du Duan".
Fang Xuanling (579-648), a famous prime minister in the early Tang Dynasty, was one of the ten most virtuous prime ministers in China. The name was Qiao, and the courtesy name was Xuanling (because Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty was named Xuanye, in order to avoid taboos, the name was changed to "Yuanling" in the history books and related materials re-edited/compiled in the Qing Dynasty, which was the same as the imperial family of the early Tang Dynasty). The concubine "Qinghe Fang's Yuanling" has the same name). A native of Linzi, Qizhou (now northeast of Zibo, Shandong). He was a young policeman, well read in classics and history, good at calligraphy and writing, and had the literary talent of "relying on a horse to achieve success". At the age of eighteen, he was promoted to Jinshi, awarded the title of Yuqiwei, and became the school secretary. Gao Xiaoji, the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, was a good minister and said to Pei Ju: "There are many servants watching, but there is no one like him. He should be a national weapon, but I hate to see him towering up into the sky." Fengjing, Santai ranked. ")" ("New Book of Tang·Biography of Fang Xuanling")
Fang Xuanling had three sons, Fang Yizhi, Fang Yiai, and Fang Yize.
After Duke Xuanling passed away, Fang Yizhi, who inherited his title of "Gong of Liang" and a large court, violated the ancestral precepts, was not morally responsible, and did not know how to advance or retreat. As a result, the brothers fell out, were framed, and became defeated. The reason.
"Fang Yiai's Rebellion Incident" refers to the palace coup plotted by Fang Yiai and his wife Princess Gaoyang (the 18th daughter of Emperor Taizong). But the matter was not kept secret, the plan was leaked, and everyone was arrested. Gaozong sent Changsun Wuji to hear the case. Changsun Wuji took this opportunity to implicate Wu King Li Ke. Li Yuanjing, Li Ke, Fang Yiai, Princess Gaoyang, Xue Wanche, Chai Lingwu, Princess Baling, etc. were all killed.
In the reign of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty (the reign of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty), the world was mixed, and everyone was called Sui Zuo Fang Yong. The descendants had a long-term plan, and they were extravagant and arrogant. Although they thought it was peaceful now, it was necessary to survive. "In the chaos of the late Sui Dynasty, he surrendered to Li Shimin in Weibei and served as the official secretary of the Qin Dynasty. He often went to the Qin Dynasty to recruit talents, and assisted Li Shimin to defeat the heroes and ascend to the throne of God. Li Shimin praised him for his strategizing and contribution to establishing the country. Together with the other 23 founding heroes of the early Tang Dynasty, he created a portrait of the painting saint Yan and enshrined it in "Lingyan Pavilion". He was a scholar who made great contributions to the "Portrait of Lingyan Pavilion". It is highly praised by literati in the world. The poet Li He of the late Tang Dynasty lamented in his poem "South Garden":
Why don't men wear Wu hooks? Collect fifty states in Guanshan.
Please come to Lingyan Pavilion for a while. How can I be a scholar and a marquis of ten thousand households?
During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Fang Xuanling was granted the title of Duke of Liang, and held the posts of Zhongshu Ling, Shangshu Zuopushe, Sikong, etc., and he was the commander-in-chief of a hundred divisions and was in charge of government affairs for 20 years. Participated in the formulation of laws and regulations, which made the laws of the Tang Dynasty more relaxed and complete than those of the previous dynasty, and established the oldest and most complete feudal criminal code in China, the "Tang Code of Laws", which had a great influence on later generations; supervised the compilation of national history, Chief editor of the Twenty-Four Histories of the Jin Dynasty; he studied Tang Rites with Wei Zheng; he adjusted government agencies, and his actions by provincial and central officials were the first in Zhenguan's good governance; he was good at employing people, choosing people without asking for preparation, without asking for their rank, and following their talents. Appointment; abide by duties and do not take credit for themselves. Later generations regarded him and Du Ruhui as models of good prime ministers. For example, the old Tang Dynasty book praised: "The text contains the latitude and longitude, and the plan is profound and supplementary." Sheng and chime have the same pronunciation, but Fang and Du. Because Xuanling was good at planning and Ruhui was good at making decisions, he was known as Fangmou Dujuan in history.
Tang Taizong Li Shimin himself was also an accomplished writer. There are 89 poems in the Tang Dynasty. He once wrote Wei Feng The poem self-explanatory and was given to the eldest grandson Wuji, and the poem was given to Fang Xuanling to praise and encourage Duke Xuanling to seek talents for the country: Taiye Fairy Boat is far away, and Xiyuan attracts talents. It is not yet dawn to collect traffic, and the gate opens early when the rooster crows. He also wrote a poem to Fang Xuanling about the hanging clear light in autumn:
The autumn dew condenses on the palm of your hand, and the morning light is green. The jagged and beautiful double palaces illuminate the entire palace.
The immortal chariot rotates with the wheel, and the spiritual crow flies with its shadow. The light on the waves fixes the color, and there is a round glow when it enters the gap.
Also be a sunflower and a flower, and the fallen leaves depend on each other.
One of the founding kings composed poems for a minister three times, which shows how much he relied on Duke Xuanling.
After Duke Xuanling passed away, he was given the posthumous title Wenzhao, and he was entitled to the Taizong Temple. . Chu Suiliang, a minister of the Tang Dynasty and a famous calligrapher, carved the Xuanling stele for the Xuanling Cemetery in the third year of Yonghui in the Tang Dynasty. The inscription on the stele is more than 2,000 words, and the most famous sentence is:
Daoguang's Chief Keeper The sound of Qin Zhenyin, Fang Si Yu Fengxian Guan Liusheng
When historians of later generations commented on the prime ministers of the Tang Dynasty, they all recommended Fang Xuanling first. They always said: The wise prime ministers of the Tang Dynasty were preceded by Fang Du and followed by Yao and Song. . Liu Fang of the Tang Dynasty sighed: "Fang Xuanling assisted Taizong to determine the world and his final position. Every thirty-two years, the world was known as the virtuous prime minister. However, there is no trace to be found, and the virtue is also the best. Therefore, Taizong fixed the chaos and Fang Xuanling He did not talk about his merits; Wang Gui and Wei Zheng were good at admonishing, and Fang Xuanling praised them; Li Ji and Li Jing were good at generals, and Fang Xuanling followed his own path; he made the capable men in the world assist Taizong, bring about peace and harmony, and be good at returning people. Lord, he is a truly virtuous prime minister! Fang Xuanling is in an important position, but he is not domineering and starts well and ends well, so he is called a virtuous prime minister!" Liu Fang's comment was just right. Sima Guang and Ouyang Xiu later wrote comments about this period of history. , all transcribed in full. In the "Praise to the Portraits of Ancients" engraved in the 11th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1498), there is a couplet in the upper left corner of the portrait of Duke Xuanling: "The assistant prime minister Wenhuang ranks first in merit, and the advice he left behind is faithful to the day." . Also a good comment.
Pi Rixiu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, was determined to establish fame and assist the king in his early years, and tracked the careers of Fang Xuanling and Du Ruhui. He generously said in the poem "Qi Ai Shi": Fang Du Erxiangguo:
I love Fang and Du, the poor and the lowly. Escape from the troubled world and return your staff to God.
He controls the affairs of the world vertically and horizontally. Dirty and invincible talent, upright and invincible.
Mei is famous as a public minister, and he is the real prime minister and assistant. Huangge has been in thirty years, and the breeze has lasted forever.
The great achievements are reflected in the history of the country, and the great honor is the king's palace. Therefore, the people of later generations are still influenced by Tao.
I am a young man in Guangdong who is ambitious and dares to follow the path of those who have gone before. If you can get it right, I am willing to hold the whip straight.
There are "Three Prime Ministers of the Five Dynasties" in the Tang Dynasty: Linzi is descended from Fang Xuanling, Prime Minister Taizong, Luoyang, Henan is descended from Fang Rong, Prime Minister Wu, and his son Fang Guangong is Prime Minister Xuansu. The Fang family was in great glory at this time. Yanzhou Fang Zhiwen, the Prime Minister of the Later Tang Dynasty, was his seventh generation grandson, and Fang Lai (Wang Lai), a great scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty Gaozong Dynasty, was his fifteenth generation grandson.
The sound of the family has left a lasting legacy. Duke Xuanling is a model that the descendants of the Fang family in the world admire and learn from!
Biography of Fang Xuanling
Fang Qiao, named Xuanling, was from Linzi, Qizhou. Young and intelligent, well read in classics and history, good at writing and writing. In the eighteenth year of the year, the state was promoted to Jinshi and awarded the rank of Yuqiwei. My father's illness lasted for ten days, and Xuanling tried his best to take medicine and food without even taking off his clothes.
When Taizong visited Weibei, Xuanling Zangce paid a visit to the military gate. As soon as Taizong saw him, he became an old acquaintance and signed up for the marching record office of Weibei Road to join the army. When Xuanling met her confidant, she tried her best to do whatever she knew. When thieves and bandits are defeated, everyone competes for treasures. Xuanling is the first to collect the characters and send them to the shogunate. There are also advisers and fierce generals, who all lurk with them and make every effort to do their best. Xuanling had been in the Qin Mansion for more than ten years. He was always in charge of records. He wrote and recorded every military report. He stationed himself on horseback and made arrangements. Emperor Gaozu once addressed his courtiers and said, "This man is well aware of the situation and is worthy of the appointment. Every time he presents something for my son, he will surely resonate with people's hearts. Even thousands of miles away, he is still talking to the person facing him." Prince Yin was a close relative of Emperor Taizong because of his age, Ruhui. Etiquette is very evil, and it was ridiculed to the great ancestor, so it was ignored and expelled. There was going to be a change in the crown prince's life, so Emperor Taizong ordered his eldest son Wuji to summon Xuanling and Ruhui, dressed as Taoist priests, and sneak into the pavilion to discuss matters. When Emperor Taizong entered the Spring Palace, he promoted him to the crown prince You Shuzi and gave him five thousand pieces of silk. In the first year of Zhenguan, Xiao Yu was appointed as Zhongshu Ling. In terms of rewards for meritorious service, Xuanling, Changsun Wuji, Du Ruhui, Yuchi Jingde, and Hou Junji were ranked first. They were promoted to Duke Xing and granted the title of 1,300 households. In the third year, he served as the prince's young master, but refused to give in. He took charge of the prince's affairs and was also the minister of the Ministry of Rites. Next year, Sun Wuji, the acting eldest son, will be appointed as Shangshu Zuopushe, and will be granted the title of Duke of Wei to supervise the compilation of national history. Now that he has been appointed as Chief Baisi, he has been devoted to his duties, devoted himself to his duty, and does not want to lose anything. When you hear that others are good, it is as if you have it yourself. The official affairs are clearly understood, decorated with literature, and the decrees are approved, with the intention of being lenient and peaceful. Don't take others for granted, don't take care of things based on your own merits, collect things according to your abilities, and have no barriers or bases. Commentators call it good appearance. Gaozong lived in the Spring Palace, and added Crown Prince Xuanling and Taifu. He still knew that his subordinates were in trouble and supervised the compilation of national history as before. He found and compiled "Records of Emperor Gaozu and Emperor Taizong", and received a seal of praise and a gift of 1,500 paragraphs. In that year, Xuanling Ding's stepmother was worried about leaving her post, so she specially gave Zhaoling burial place. Not long after, he got up and returned to his original post. Taizong personally went to Liaodong and ordered Xuanling to stay in the capital. He issued an edict saying: "Since Xiao He is in charge, I don't have to worry about going west." He ordered military equipment, food and supplies for soldiers, and ordered them to be dispatched. Xuan Ling repeatedly said that the enemy should not be taken lightly, but should be warned with caution. Chu Suiliang, the minister of Xunyu Zhongshu, was ordered to rewrite the "Book of Jin". In the twenty-third year, I was lucky enough to visit Yuhua Palace. At that time, Xuanling suffered from an old illness, and he was ordered to stay in the palace. Gradually, he pursued him to the palace, entered the palace on a carriage, and got under the throne. Taizong shed tears over it, and Xuanling also felt so overwhelmed that she couldn't help herself. Famous doctors were sent for treatment, and Shang Shi provided royal meals every day. If it is slightly reduced, Taizong will be happy to see the color; if it is heard that it has increased dramatically, he will be saddened by the change. Later, the illness became more severe, so he dug the garden wall to open the door and sent envoys to wait for him. The emperor came again in person, shook hands and said goodbye, feeling extremely sad. The Crown Prince also responded accordingly. Xun died at the age of seventy. The imperial court was abolished for three days. ("The Biography of Fang Xuanling in the Old Book of Tang Dynasty")
Liu Fang said: Xuanling assisted Taizong in determining the world and his final position. Every thirty-two years, the world was known as the Xianxiang; however, there is no trace of it. Seek it, and virtue will come. Therefore, Taizong rectified the disasters and Fang, Du ① did not mention his merits, Wang ② and Wei ③ were good at admonishing and criticizing, and Du made virtuous people, Ying ④ and Wei ⑤ were good at generals and troops, Du followed his own way, led to peace with principles, and was good at returning people to their homes. host. It’s a good idea to be a minister of Tang Zongchen! ("Zizhi Tongjian·Fifteenth Anniversary of the Tang Dynasty")
The origin of "Jin Zi" is based on the story of Fang Xuanling and his wife.
The great ancestor Li Yuan and Taizong Li Shimin lived in Jinyang for a long time before they started the army. "Vinegar" also became an indispensable condiment in the Tang Palace, and because the emperor liked to eat it, the palace kept a lot of it. It is said that during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Prime Minister Fang Xuanling was famous for being afraid of his wife. Although his wife is overbearing, she is very careful about Fang Xuanling's food, clothing, housing and transportation. She has always taken care of things with her own hands and does not allow others to interfere. One day, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty invited the founding father to a royal banquet. When he was full of wine and food, Fang Xuanling couldn't stand the teasing of his colleagues and boasted a few words about not being afraid of his wife. The already drunk Emperor Taizong took advantage of the wine and went to Two beauties were given to Fang Xuanling. Unexpectedly, Fang Xuanling's drunken bragging was taken seriously by the emperor, and he took in two beauties. Thinking of his overbearing and careful wife, he was so worried that he didn't know what to do. It was Yuchi Jingde who encouraged her, saying that no matter how cruel her wife was, she would not dare to do anything to the beauties given by the emperor, so Fang Xuanling carefully brought the two beauties home. Unexpectedly, Fang Xuanling's wife didn't care whether he was the emperor or not. When she saw Fang Xuanling bringing back two young and beautiful concubines, she became furious, pointed at Fang Xuanling, yelled and cursed, and started fighting with a feather duster, driving the two away. A "beauty" leaves the house. Seeing something was wrong, Fang Xuanling had no choice but to send the beauty out of the house. This matter was immediately known to Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin wanted to suppress the arrogance of the prime minister's wife, so he immediately summoned the prime minister Fang Xuanling and his wife to question him. Mrs. Fang Xuanling also knew that this was a serious disaster, so she reluctantly followed Fang Xuanling to see Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.
When Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty saw them arriving, he pointed at the two beauties and a jar of "poisoned wine" and said, "I will not hold you accountable for violating the order. There are two ways for you to choose. One is to take back the two beauties, and The other way to live with Meimei is to eat this 'poisonous wine' so as not to be jealous of others." Fang Xuanling knew that his wife had a strong personality and was afraid that she would drink the "poisonous wine", so she knelt down to beg for mercy. Li Shimin said angrily: "As the prime minister of the dynasty, you have disobeyed orders and dare to say anything!" When Mrs. Fang saw what had happened, she looked at the faces of the two women and knew that she was old and beautiful. Once these two women entered the house, she would Sooner or later, he would have to take the path of disobeying orders. Instead of dying due to anger, it would be better to drink this "poisonous wine" and be happy. Before Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty could urge her again, Mrs. Fang raised the jar and drank the whole jar of "poisonous wine" with a "gurgling, dong, dong" sound. Fang Xuanling was so anxious that she burst into tears and sobbed while hugging his wife, but all the courtiers laughed together. It turned out that the jar contained not poisonous wine but vinegar from Jinyang Qingyuan, which was not poisonous at all. Seeing Mrs. Fang's temper, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty sighed and said: "Mrs. Fang, don't blame me for forcing you in this way. You are too jealous. But because I think you would rather die than love your husband, I will take it back." Mrs. Fang did not expect that she would get such a result by risking her life by drinking the "poisoned wine". Although she was sore that she stretched her head and shook her elbows, she was extremely happy in her heart. Fang Xuanling also burst into laughter. Since then, the word "jealousy" has become synonymous with jealousy among women.