The United States, Britain and France held a meeting and Germany was defeated. In order to seek hegemony, Xun Mei put forward "fourteen points".
The British protected the colonies, restricted the law and cut Germany. France and Germany are old enemies, and the compensation is divided equally.
Intended to expand, Japan seized Germany, and there was another storm inside the empire. 4. Formula for the development and evolution of Chinese painting: Chinese painting has its own characteristics from the beginning.
Three generations of portraits (Xia, Shang and Zhou), Qin and Han dynasties, the most comprehensive categories. Scholar-officials have famous works, and paintings in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are active.
Painting reached its peak in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and the art of the Song Dynasty was well developed. Literati painted Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and freehand landscapes occupied the main altar.
5. The formula of the development and evolution of China's calligraphy art: The synchronous movement of China's calligraphy has two stages of spontaneous consciousness (coming around Wei and Jin Dynasties). The structure of the brush is rigorous (characteristic), which developed in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties (the initial biography of the incident).
Simple sketch, continuous hook, smooth lines and vertical emotion are the source (development) of the maturity of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the early Han Dynasty. Indulgence of rules and regulations, the downstream specialty of two-in-one combination (both lines have rules and regulations).
In the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty, calligraphy matured and developed. 6. Formula for the origin and evolution of Chinese characters: a golden seal is orthomorphic, and the evolution context is complex and simple (general trend).
There are two stages of official script in ancient Chinese (Biography of Jin Jia belongs to ancient Chinese), and the official script of official script assists cursive script (two stages of formal assistance). 7. China ancient calligraphy and painting music: ancient and modern Chinese characters (as early as 3,600 years ago) are closely related, and the square has rich meanings (Sumerian, Egyptian and Mayan dead characters).
Calligraphy and painting have the same origin (pictographic cuneiform), and they are the ancestors of * * * 6,000 years ago (words and pictures are evidence). 8. The formula for the reform of eastern European countries: South Tito, social autonomy (Yugoslav Tito, socialist autonomy).
Poznan, Colombian reform, China's planning and corporate governance; In 1957, the civil law was destroyed and Cadal's New Deal gained something. During the 60 years in the Czech Republic, dubcek's "Prague" was reformed by the Soviet Union. 9. The formula for the development of China's ancient operas: a. The rise and fall of Yuan Zaju is due to the imperial examination (stopping or resuming), and Guan Bai is the most famous (Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu).
In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the southern operas had Kunshan accent (the legend of Ming Dynasty was formed), and Wei changed Liang to create Tang Dynasty (Ink Painting Drama, Huansha Ji by Liang and Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu). Kunqu opera and Beijing opera compete for fame in the competition of folk stage.
Yi Kun's four major operas (Yiyang Salt and Medicine Mountain) are the most popular in Beijing Opera. Life is ugly, and Chinese opera promotes China.
B, Yuan Dynasty zaju reached a peak, and rap performance was a melting pot. In the legendary golden age of Ming Dynasty, Qu Wenyou created rich poems.
Peking Opera was widely spread in Qing Dynasty, and many historical stories were staged. Mountains and rivers produce talents, and Chinese civilization has been five thousand years.
China opera has a long history, and zaju flourished in Yuan Dynasty. There are four legends in the Ming Dynasty (Yiyang, Hayes, Yuyao and Kunshan), supplemented by "water mill" and "yarn".
In the Qing Dynasty, there were hundreds of artists, and Peking Opera went to the world. 10, China ancient science and technology development formula: Four great inventions originated in China (pointer, gunpowder, external use), and human history was promoted.
Decimal circumcision (remembered by Liu and his ancestors) was the leading road in the world for thousands of years. The equator belongs to ten stars (800 stars in Lithology), and the world is a catalogue of ancient stars.
Jane is in front of the telescope (the astrolabe is changed to Guo Shoujing), and the astrolabe is the first in the world. Natural selection, people are divided into groups, ("Bi Sheng" and "Qi Min" make the future bright), China's ancestors have deep wisdom.
Neijing and Acupuncture are profound and timeless. Liaomu Pagoda, a three-treasure ship (the treasure ship Zheng He painted through the ages, and the architectural mystery remains unsolved), the ancient civilization is China.
Distinguish the position by leading the stars (Wu Beizhi, Crossing the Sea Map), and it is unimpeded at sea. 165438+
It belongs to the gorgeous Han Fu (half poetry and half synthesis), and there are many early-maturing Tang poems (the poems about immortals are sacred and rich). The two major schools of Song Ci have strange people (there are thousands of ci writers), and Sanqu Ju Yuan is called Yuanqu (the highest creation of Guan Ma).
Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties reached their peak (Four Great Classical Novels is now a treasure), which is unparalleled so far (hidden in the book of infinite wealth). B. The Book of Songs appeals to both refined and popular tastes, and is a new song of Chu Ci.
Lisao is a romantic scene, and there was a "Yuefu" in the Han Dynasty. Brilliant poetry in Tang poetry, three officials bid farewell to Du Fu.
The lyrics are bold and graceful songs, and zaju Sanqu is combined with Yuanqu. Legends of ancient and modern times melt in one furnace, and novels of Ming and Qing dynasties are handed down from generation to generation.
C. The Chu Ci of The Book of Songs was born, and the Tang poetry of Han Fu reached its peak. Song Ci and Yuan Qu are masterpieces through the ages, while novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties are heartfelt wishes.
D, Chu Ci of The Book of Songs was published early, and Tang poetry of Han Fu was brilliant. Everyone sings Song Ci and Yuan Qu, and novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties are emperors.
12, the formula for the development of ancient science and technology in China: Four great inventions went to the world (finger, paper, seal, fire), and the world changed dramatically (words had influence). The fractional circumference (don't forget the circumference of Liu Hui) is thousands of years ahead of the world.
The equator belongs to ten stars (a masterpiece of stone astronomy), and the ancient world catalog belongs to ten stars (the earliest existing stone catalog). Jane instrument in front of the telescope (Guo Shoujing's contribution in Yuan Dynasty), the world astronomical observation is excellent.
Natural selection, people are divided into groups, ("Bi Sheng" and "Qi Min" created people's happiness), China's ancestors had profound wisdom. Neijing and Acupuncture are extensive and profound.
Liaomu Pagoda, a three-treasure ship (the treasure ship Zheng He painted through the ages, and the architectural mystery remains unsolved), the ancient civilization is China. Distinguish the position by leading the stars (Wu Beizhi, Crossing the Sea Map), and it is unimpeded at sea.
13, artistic formula of Sui and Tang Dynasties: Mogao Grottoes, Thousand-Buddha Cave, Flying Long-sleeved Aerial Dance. Ouyang was one of the three masters in the early Tang Dynasty, and Zhan Zi wrote the book Five Dangfeng.
Yan Gu Cao, Sui and Tang Dynasties music and dance in peace. The king of Qin broke his clothes and danced, and a song was not finished.
(The Mogao Grottoes are in Dunhuang, Gansu today; Three people refer to Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan and Jun Nianliang; Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is full of bones and muscles, Liu Gongquan's handwriting shows vigorous bones, and the cursive script represents Zhang Xu and Huai Su monks. The famous art of music and dance in Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as "The King of Qin Breaking the Array" and "Dancing in Clothes and Clothes"). 14, Tang poetry formula: in the early Tang Dynasty, the word Ang was the pioneer (), and there were (Meng Haoran, Wang Wei) in the countryside.
Frontier people Gao (Gao Shi) Cen (Da Mo Shi), poet Li (Li Bai) and poet Du Fu (Du Fu). Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" is amazing. The poem is Xiao Li (Li Shangyin) Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty.
15, memory formula of sixteen countries: Xiongnu Beiliang, Qin, Zhao. Before the Han dynasty, Hou Liang, Han Beiyan and Qian Xiliang were in the Qin dynasty.
Xianbei before and after Yan State, plus Western Qin and Southern Liang (Southern Yan) 16, the cultural formula of Qin and Han Dynasties: nine chapters of arithmetic, Zhou.
2. Funny talk about the jingle historical memory method of collecting historical shorthand. 1. sequential memory: this kind of memory is the most common memory method, which refers to sequential memory according to the development order of the event itself.
For example, the process of the American War of Independence can be recorded as follows: 1, 1775, the gunfire in Lexington, and the first continental congress. 2. 1776, the second continental congress was held, and the declaration of independence was issued, announcing the establishment of the United States of America.
Saratoga 3, 1777. 4. 1778, the war center moved south. In May, 178 1 year, British Commander-in-Chief Cornwally presented the sword to Washington.
6. 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the United States of America. Second, regular memory: in the process of learning, we can look for regular things, such as: the reason for the decline of the six empires in world history is: 1, people's uprising.
2. Feudal owners (or slave owners, including conquered peoples) in various places formed a separatist trend, striving to get rid of central control. 3. The infighting of the ruling class.
4, foreign or foreign invasion. Third, comparative memory: such as the contrast between the two world wars.
A comparison of budding capitalism between China and western Europe. Similarities and differences of three revolutions in modern China.
Fourth, inductive memory: similar events at different times can be summarized. For example, eight famous water conservancy projects in ancient China.
An example of the anti-aggression struggle between the military and civilians in modern Taiwan Province Province. The Red Army's four counter-campaigns against encirclement and suppression, etc.
You can also summarize different events at the same time. For example, the important events of 1945 include: Yalta meeting of the Soviet Union, the convening of the Seventh National Congress of China, the signing of unconditional surrender by Germany, the Potsdam meeting of the Soviet Union, Japan's announcement of unconditional surrender, Shangdang Campaign, the founding of the United Nations, and the return of Taiwan Province Province to the motherland.
Five, jingle memory: it is easy to remember some historical events as jingles. For example, the order of Qing emperors: Nu Huang Shun (Nurhachi, Huang Taiji, Shunzhi Emperor); Gan (Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong); Jia Daoxian (Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng); Tongguangxuan (Tongzhi, Guangxu, Xuan Tong).
Another example is the order of dynasties: Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Qin and Han Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Sixth, explain memory: this is a relatively new memory method. A classmate tells other students about historical events, and the memory effect is several times higher than his own.
And the signal storage time is long. Of course, there are many ways to remember, such as every other year, association, reasoning, signals and so on.
Of all the subjects offered in middle schools, most students like history, which is beyond doubt. But there are too many things to remember in history study, which brings great difficulties to students.
So many students like history, but can't remember it. In fact, it is not difficult to remember history. The key is whether you have a simple and feasible memory method.
When studying history, we should remember it on the basis of understanding. For the memory object, we need to conduct in-depth research, fully understand its essence, laws and characteristics, and deepen our memory through understanding, so there is no need to memorize it by rote.
I found many effective memory methods in teaching practice, which are arranged as follows for everyone. First, the sequential memory method: that is, the events themselves are memorized in order.
This mnemonic method is the most common. Such as: World War I: 1, 19 14, Sarajevo incident; Battle of marne river.
2. 19 15 years, Italy entered the war. 3. 19 16, Battle of Verdun and the Somme.
4. 19 17 years, the United States and China entered the war; Russian revolution. 5. 19 18, the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed; Germany surrendered.
American War of Independence Process: 1, Outbreak: 1775 Lexington Gunfire. 2. Building the army: 1776 The second continental conference was held.
3. People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded: 1776 Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence. 4. Turning point: 1777 Saratoga.
5. Victory: Yorktown British Army 178 1 Surrender. 6. Peace Treaty: 1783 Britain recognizes American independence.
Second, inductive memory method: on the one hand, similar events at different times can be summarized. For example, five large-scale wars of aggression against China launched by western powers in early modern times, five incidents triggered by Japanese aggression against China in 1930s, four great voyages in the process of opening new sea routes, four international conferences convened by the heads of allied countries in World War II, five counter-campaigns against "encirclement and suppression" by the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, and the 15 Congress convened by China * * and so on.
On the other hand, different events at the same time can also be summarized. For example: 1927: the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers, the April 12th counter-revolutionary coup, the killing of Li Dazhao, the July 15th counter-revolutionary coup in Ma Ri incident, the confluence of Nanjing and Han, the Nanchang uprising, the August 7th meeting, the autumn harvest uprising, the establishment of Jinggangshan revolutionary base and the Guangzhou uprising.
Third, regular memory method: in learning, you can look for regular things to remember. In the process of bourgeois revolution, war broke out between Britain, France and America because reactionary political rule hindered the development of domestic capitalism. In order to develop capitalism, we must rise up and overthrow reactionary political rule.
The revolutions in the three countries all had fuses, signs of outbreak, major leaders and documents. In the way of developing capitalism, Russia and Japan both achieved it through top-down reform, while Italy and Germany achieved it through national unification.
Fourth, comparative memory method: compare similar things to deepen the impression. For example, during the period of China and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the two parties' anti-Japanese war routes were compared.
A comparison between zheng he's voyages to the west and the opening of new air routes. Comparison of similarities and differences between Germany and Italy.
Compare the causes, nature, scale and influence of the two world wars, so as to achieve the purpose of memory. Five, chart memory method: some historical knowledge can be memorized by drawing charts, and the effect is better.
For example, the territory of Qin, Tang, Yuan, Ming and Qing can be drawn in rectangular coordinate system. Illustration of the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty.
Illustration of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's revolutionary movement. Graphical representation of the Long March of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army.
List of knowledge of three major religions in the world. Knowledge of four ancient civilizations in the world.
First, second and third international lists. Germany and Italy unified content list.
Wait a minute. Sixth, associative memory method: it is to think of known people or related things from people, things and things in front of you.
When you see a book, you will naturally think of Cai Lun.
3. The formula of the important content of junior middle school history is easy to remember. Don't let ancient humans appear 3 million, Australopithecus will see you in Africa. The three major races are yellow race, white race and black race, and the late Homo sapiens appeared.
Hammurabi Babylon, caste Indian. Ancient Egyptian pyramids, civilized groups in the great river basin
Athens has a good democracy and Perikles has a good leadership. Octavian of the Roman Empire is the early origin of western civilization.
Dahua became new Japan, and slave society was feudal. Koguryo in ancient Korea, * * * *
Western European society is hierarchical, and Christian churches preach and teach. The people of Cheng Lang fought for autonomy, and finally the Byzantine Empire perished.
Greece won the Greek-Persian War, and Alexander marched eastward. The Roman Empire is the most prosperous empire in Europe, Asia and Africa, spanning three continents.
* * * Some of them were made in India and spread to Europe for imitation. Italian Kyle Polo's Travels to the Yuan Dynasty.
Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, cuneiform Samui. Buddhism and Christianity * * *, the three major religions control the people.
Archimedes and buoyancy, Oedipus is drama. Homer's epic heroic history, Arabian nights story
Dante's Divine Comedy was the first person to talk about humanities in the Renaissance. Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci and Shakespeare are the most spiritual.
Charles I was beheaded in the bourgeois English Revolution. The Bill of Rights restricts kingship and advocates constitutional monarchy.
A gunshot from Lexington gave birth to the Declaration of Independence. Saratoga turning point, Washington became the president of the United States.
The Bastille was captured and the French Revolution was realized. The Declaration of Human Rights stresses equality, and Napoleon messed up Europe.
The industrial revolution made inventions, and Jenny's machines were ahead. Watt improved the steam engine, and trains and ships were born.
Triangle trade sold slaves, and the Portuguese first made maps. Britain claims that the sun never sets, but it is not satisfied with coming from behind.
Queen Zhang Xi is so brave, the great hero of the Indian uprising. Bolivarian liberator, the most successful independence in South America.
The * * * movement sounded the horn, guided by Marx and Engels. The Paris Commune won and the bourgeoisie was overthrown.
The civil war was launched by the United States, and Lincoln directed the killing of the enemy. Promulgating the declaration will liberate and eventually win the homestead law.
Japan prospered in the Meiji Restoration, and capital replaced feudalism. Russia abolished serfdom and Alexander II passed it.
In the electrical age, there were electric lights and the great inventor Edison. Karl benz makes cars and the Wright brothers fly planes.
World War I broke out in Sarajevo, and the six countries fought with an alliance agreement. Verdun is like a meat grinder. The world disaster is terrible.
Modern times are based on Newton and Einstein's theory of relativity. Enlightenment Voltaire and Darwin on the Origin of Species
German music Beethoven, heroic symphony Napoleon. Sunflower was written by Van Gogh, and Tolstoy's literature is profound.
The February Revolution was two regimes, and the October Revolution was overthrown. Russia became a Soviet, and Lenin led the retreat of World War I..
The Soviet Union and Russia implemented a new economy, and the Soviet Union was founded in 2002. The Stalin model has been established since the five-year industrial plan.
Paris Peace Conference Versailles, the League of Nations is not beautiful. Washington, D.C., G-9 Conference, focusing on mediation in the Asia-Pacific region.
The economic crisis began in the United States and swept the world like a demon. President Roosevelt of the United States implemented the New Deal and lived a good life.
German Nazi Hitler, Jews can't live. Established fascism, Italy, Japan and Germany.
Munich's appeasement policy flashed Poland's pursuit of World War II. Suddenly attacking the Soviet Union and Germany, Japanese planes flew over the Pacific Ocean.
The anti-French alliance of 26 countries, Stalingrad, was a turning point. The United States dropped the atomic bomb, and the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki could not live.
In the crisis of 1970s, it slowly picked up in 1980s. In the 1990s, the post-war America was very prosperous.
Western Europe develops American aid and Japan's rise depends on technology. The EU's largest economy is rich in developed countries.
4. Historical memory formula: Xia Shang, Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou are divided into two sections; Spring and Autumn and Warring States unified Qin and Han Dynasties; Three points in, two points before and after the delay; The Southern and Northern Dynasties coexisted, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed; After Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial dynasty ended here.
Supplement the formula of five lakes and sixteen countries:
Before and after the South Sanyan, the West Qin was cool and the South Xianbei was built;
Before Xi Erliang and Beiyan, the regime was still established by the Han nationality;
Before Zhao, Beiliang, Xia Xiongnu; Pre-Qin and post-Han border inspection;
Zhao, Qin, sixteen small countries scuffled.
▲ Memorize Chinese historical dynasties by formula method.
Three emperors and five emperors of Pangu are more important.
Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties (Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou Dynasties), Qin and Han Dynasties (Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties),
Shu Wei Wu Zheng Jin (Western Jin Dynasty, Eastern Jin Dynasty) North and South (Southern and Northern Dynasties),?
Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song (Liao, Jin), Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. ?
(Note: Huang San refers to Fuxi, Suirenshi and Shennong, and the Five Emperors refer to Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun. )?
▲ Recite the name of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms with a formula?
The five dynasties-Hou Liang, the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty-can be described as:?
Zhou,?
There is a back in front. ?
Ten countries-Wu, Nantang, wuyue, Chu, Min, Nanhan, Jingnan (also known as Nanping), Houshu and Beihan, can be written as:?
Around Shu Han, Northern Han and Southern Han,
Nan Tang and Nanping used to be companions.
Wuyue Wu Minchu?
There was chaos in the scuffle between separatist forces.
▲ recite the names of the northern and southern dynasties with formulas.
Southern Dynasties: Song, Qi, Liang and Chen alternated. ?
Northern Dynasties: The Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasties, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty. ?
▲ recite the representatives of Taoism, Confucianism, Legalism and Mohism and their views with formulas?
Confucius and Mencius, "benevolent government"; ?
Tao "inaction", Zhuangzi Xing; ?
Mozi said "non-attack"; ?
Han Feizi's The Rule of Law. ?
▲ recite the starting and ending dates of the Anshi rebellion with formulas?
In 755 AD, An Lushan and Shi Siming rebelled and were defeated by Tang Jun in 763 AD, which lasted for eight years. The beginning and end of the rebellion
Generation can be remembered by formula:?
An Shi Rebellion, Shi Siming?
Riding Hu (755) and Slipping Mountain (763) City. ?
▲ Recite the main contents of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising with formulas.
1857, Hong Xiuquan launched the jintian uprising, established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, worshipped God and unified his thoughts. 1March 853, Hong Xiuquan made Nanjing his capital and changed Nanjing to Tianjing. These contents can be recorded as:?
Hong Xiuquan, thank God.
Taiping rebellion; ?
Xiuquan wants to fan the ancient fan (1853 March).
Nanjing has moved its capital. ?
▲ What is the shape of the earth?
Flat-bar equatorial drum; ?
The North Pole is long and the South Pole is short.
▲ Formula of China Province and Autonomous Region (municipality directly under the Central Government)?
Liaojihei, Yunguichuan,?
Shaanxi Qinghai-Tibet (Shaanxi, Guangxi, Qinghai, * * *) Zhejiang Guanfu,
Two rivers, two lakes, two rivers and two mountains
Anning Guguang (Anhui, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Guangdong) Xinwan. ?
▲ Name formula of 15 countries bordering China.
Miss Yue (Vietnam, Russia) is very shy (Myanmar).
Covered with a cloth sheet and three carpets (Mongolia, Bhutan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan),
Go through the mud to North Korea (India, Laos, Sikkim, Nepal).
Barges and Sweat (Pakistan, Afghanistan)
Tang Yao Yu shun Xia Shang Zhou
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Unification of Qin, Han and Jin Dynasties
The Southern Dynasties and the Northern Dynasties were rivals.
Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Emperor Hugh of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties
Turn to Baidu: Akiyuki Makita