2. The back front is the closing front and the turning front, that is, the turning front is the end of one stroke and the turning front is the beginning of the next stroke.
3. My understanding is: In short, after writing a pen, receiving and taking over in reverse according to the direction of the original pen mark is a comeback; There are two conditions for turning the pen tip: 1, twisting the pen tube to collect the scattered pen tip when lifting the pen; 2; The purpose of pen transportation landmark adjustment.
4. Back front and back front are both calligraphy movements. When writing big strokes, it is common to see the alignment, such as vertical hanging, horizontal hanging, horizontal hanging and so on. Turning the front side over is a common action to write the cross-folded picture to the transfer position. ★ Let's talk about the influence of returning to the front first: each brush stroke has its own unique brushwork, such as starting and closing the pen, drawing "ten"/"thousand"/"Shu" horizontally and drawing "Shu" vertically, which takes a long time. In order to make the strokes vivid and flat, it is necessary to use the parts of the pen to start and close the pen more solidly, so as to set off the feeling of smooth and healthy stroke center. From the application of trichovertebra, when writing horizontally/vertically, the nib is scattered and stressed evenly, and the nib once formed a flat shape from the end of horizontal painting. If you don't stop twisting at this time, the uneven conveying ability will definitely be conical from the beginning after receiving the pen. This will make the next pen look ugly. Generally speaking, clips (that is, the ones with the longest strokes). If the ending is irregular, you have to go back to the front, middle stroke, short stroke and other small strokes, because this does not completely spread the hair vertebrae, nor does it touch the future pen shape. Sometimes when you start with a flat pen, you add a stroke change, so there is no doubt that you have to do a pen-back action. ★ In detail, there are two actions to return to the front: one is the hidden front: the action to return to the front is to slightly raise the target at 2: 00 and 3: 00 when drawing horizontally, then pause for a while at 4: 05, and finally raise the pen tip to the target position at 9: 00. Such a back front will form a goose head shape. Or, there is the back front, which is mainly used in regular script and running script, with the back front movements of Wang Xizhi and Zhao Ziang as typical examples. It is characterized in that when returning to the front, the pen body is raised to intercept a returning action in the air. In this way, when the pen draws horizontally, it forms an inverted hook. ★ Then turn the front, which is the brushwork used in the turning part of strokes such as horizontal folding and horizontal skimming. For example, the second stroke of Chinese characters, Chinese characters and Chinese character "Feng" is to form a sharp and tough shoulder angle in style, which makes the strokes look strong and elastic. Sometimes, in order to create a sense of plane, it is also required to transform slender horizontal paintings into stiff vertical paintings. This adds a sense of flatness. Make the words look more vivid. Another concept is that when a stroke changes its target destination, it is considered as a turning point, which is also a fact. Turning the front is essentially a brushwork action at the junction of two strokes. From this point of view, when turning the front of the car, it should be clean, natural and smooth, clean and seamless. ★ The writing of turning front is a bit like the hidden front, back and front. For example, when writing at a turning point, the pen tip is slightly lifted to the two-point target, then pressed to the four-point target, and then slightly lifted back, and finally the target is reached at 6.30 with average strength. However, we should pay attention to the following points: first, the action should not be as heavy as the hidden front when turning the front, and it should be as natural as possible; Secondly, this corner should form a sharp corner, so that the words will become thinner and harder; Thirdly, when writing horizontally, it will be thicker and thicker than when writing vertically, and it will be more curved when writing horizontally, which will make the characters more attractive. Let horizontal painting be beautiful and vertical painting be strong.