Zhang Xueliang’s industry originated from his father Zhang Zuolin. When Zhang Zuolin started his business in Northeast China, he once had a shareholding in Badaohao Coal Mine in Heishan. Later, the mine owner Liu Jiashan was unable to repay more and more debts, so he redeemed the coal mine to Zhang Zuolin. Starting in 1922, Zhang Zuolin entrusted Yan Tingrui and Wang Zhengfu to manage the coal mine. Due to the Zhang family's continuous investment in coal mines, the Badaohao Coal Mine produced dozens of tons of raw coal per day and was highly profitable until the "September 18th Incident" in 1931. On the eve of the first Zhili-Fengtian War, Zhang Zuolin's industry had expanded from Northeast China to North China. In 1919, Zhang Zuolin purchased a small building in the British Concession. That year, Zhang Zuolin discovered that Tianjin Hengyuan Textile Co., Ltd. was an industry that could be jointly operated. At that time, the largest textile company in North China was facing a shortage of funds and tight product supply and sales. Zhang Zuolin saw that it was profitable, so he made a huge sum of money. Capital investment. Soon, as most of the shares in the company were held by the Zhang family, Hengyuan Company was soon exclusively managed by Zhang Zuolin. After the victory of the second Zhili-Fengtian War in 1924, Zhang Zuolin withdrew the shares of Tianjin Hengyuan Textile Co., Ltd., returned to Northeast China alone, and built the first Fengtian Spinning Mill in Northeast China in Shenyang. When Zhang Zuolin was in charge of Northeast China, he also had shares and investments in large and small enterprises such as Tycoon Iron Works, Northeast Bank, Datong Railway, Fenghai Railway, and Huilin Match Company. In his later years, while Zhang Zuolin focused on making a fortune and accumulating property, he also carried out necessary real estate development. In addition to the properties in Dayanmen, Xiaoheyan, Beiling, and other places in Shenyang, before he raised troops to enter the customs and aspire to conquer the Central Plains, he also purchased summer villas in Laohutan, Dalian, Yanggangzi, Liaoning, and other places. In 1925, he bought a villa in Tianjin, and in 1926 he bought the Shuncheng County Prince's Mansion in Beijing (now the seat of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference) as his temporary residence when he came to Beijing. Most of these real estates were family properties acquired by Zhang Zuolin during his lifetime. After General Zhang Xueliang inherited his father's business in the autumn of 1928, due to his character, he was completely different from his father's hobby of making money. He focused on the financial profit and loss of the Northeast and never cared about the possession of private property. Zhang Xueliang's economic income mainly relies on the annual salary earned by the security commander-in-chief of the three northeastern provinces, as well as the assets left by his father during his lifetime. During his reign, he never used his power to seek personal gain for the Zhang family. He even neglected to manage some of the commercial and industrial properties left to him by his father, and he also left some real estate properties behind. In the spring of 1920, Zhang Zuolin purchased another 4 million hectares of new land in Tailai County, Heilongjiang, Northeast China, and jointly established the Sino-Japanese Xingfa Company with Kihachiro Okura, the head of the Japanese consortium. The livestock industry unique to the region became one of the Zhang family's main sources of income at that time. After the death of Zhang Zuolin in 1928, Zhang Xueliang ordered the withdrawal of all Zhang family shares out of his indignation against Japan and resolutely suspended cooperation with Japanese companies. The young marshal would rather give up his lucrative income than do business with Japanese businessmen. This matter was praised by people from all walks of life in the Northeast. In addition, when Zhang Zuolin was in charge of Northeast China, he also focused on relying on the advantages of the Guandong coastal area to do business. In 1919, the Yingkou Steamship Company operated by Zhang Benzheng in Liaoning suffered financial losses. Zhang Zuolin generously borrowed 300,000 northeastern coins to support the company through the difficulties. After that, Zhang Zuolin used the 200,000 Northeastern coins he funded as an investment to buy shares in the shipping company, which became another financial income for the Zhang family. Until Zhang Zuolin's death in 1928, Zhang Benzheng's Zhengji Steamship Company always distributed dividends to the Zhang family. However, after Zhang Xueliang came to power in 1929, he terminated his relationship with the shipping company and withdrew his father's investment. After 1930, although Zhang Xueliang held military and political power in Northeast and North China, he rarely purchased private property except for purchasing a residence in the Tianjin Concession for Ms. Zhao Yidi and her young child Zhang Lulin. After the "September 18th Incident" occurred in 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army broke into the Zhang family's mansion at the South Gate of Shenyang City and robbed Zhang Xueliang's valuables stored in the old house as well as the antiques and celebrity calligraphy and paintings he had carefully collected for many years. All. Soon, General Shigeru Honjo, commander-in-chief of the Japanese Kwantung Army, sent troops to transport Zhang Xueliang's private property to Peking in two trains. This is because as early as ten years ago, Honjo Shimo had served as an advisor to the Northeastern Army among the Northeastern warlords. During this period, Honjo Shimo had a close personal relationship with the Zhang family and his son. Therefore, when the batch of private property belonging to Zhang Xueliang was transported to Peking Qianmen Railway Station, a Japanese envoy immediately went to Zhang Xueliang's official residence in Shuncheng County to ask for an audience.
Zhang Xueliang immediately angrily rebuked Honjo Shige's special envoy and sternly demanded that the Japanese special envoy transport the two cars of his private property back to Shenyang, otherwise he would order those properties to be burned at the train station in protest. Decades later, Zhang Xueliang still feels deeply about this matter. In the summer of 1990, Zhang Xueliang said the following in an interview with Japan's NHK TV station in Taipei: "Shigeru Honjo sent two trains of my personal property, and he sent a person to write me a personal letter. I received Letter, tell that person: I don’t accept my things, I will never accept them. Although we were friends in the past and had a good relationship, we are now equal to enemies. I am not fighting to protect my own property. , What he did to me was tantamount to humiliating me. I said to the visitor, you must transport the things back to me. If you don’t take them back, I will set them on fire at the Beijing Railway Station. It's..." Later, Benzhuang Shi had no choice but to order the officials who came to Peiping to transport Zhang Xueliang's private property to transport the two trains of property back to Shenyang intact. However, this batch of private property belonging to Zhang Xueliang was later divided and robbed by the Japanese Kwantung Army. Although these things were eventually stolen by Japanese soldiers, Zhang Xueliang's character of not sacrificing national justice for his own private property was indeed so intimidating to the enemy at the time that the Japanese invaders had to look at him differently. Clean up private property, regardless of the amount. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, a group of Zhang Xueliang's old friends in Peking, in view of the current situation that no one took over Zhang's property after Japan surrendered, decided that Peng Xiangting should write to Song Ziwen in Nanjing, requesting that Song Ziwen He came forward to plead with Chiang Kai-shek to return Zhang Xueliang. This was a matter of course, and with the mediation of Song Ziwen and others, it was quickly approved by the Jiang family. In February 1946, Peng Xiangting asked Northeastern veteran Mo Dehui to personally go to Xifeng, Guizhou, where Zhang Xueliang was imprisoned at that time, to convey his intention to return the property in Peking. At that time, Zhang Xueliang had been under house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek for ten years. Little knowledge of what is happening in the outside world. This patriotic general who regarded money and wealth as external possessions all his life took his property in Peking lightly. However, out of the kindness and kindness he felt for his friends, he could not easily resist, so he wrote a letter to his sister Zhang Guanying (also known as Zhang Guanying) who was living in Xi'an at the time. A Shoufang) wrote a letter home. It is not difficult to see Zhang Xueliang's attitude towards wealth: Sister Shoufang: ... Regarding the property liquidation committee, let me explain in detail: This matter was initiated by senior friends from Pingjin and Tianjin with their good intentions, and they also reported it to the highest authorities To clarify, Peng Xiangting, Lai Guitian, and Hu Ruoyu wrote to me, asking me if I could do it and how to do it. I have replied to them and made it clear. Organize a committee and select several people who are related to the matter or who are convenient for doing things as committee members. Song Ziwen and Zhang Fushuai have been designated as the final people with the final decision-making power. Song is my best friend, and Zhang is our father. Song was appointed as the chairman of the committee and given full authority to deal with it. There are also some non-voting members who have designated family members and several relatives. This is to let everyone know what is going on, but they have no right to speak or interfere with the cleanup committee, so as not to talk too much and hinder the person in charge. You are also one of the non-voting committee members. I have to thank you for your trouble in the real estate industry in Shaanxi. I want to explain: There is a piece of land outside Xianyang and Hepingliang that is privately owned by me. Please do not inquire now. The land in Pingliang is not my private property. It is intended to be used for housing and production by my dependents who are exiled in the Northeast Pass. Just like the villages outside Xi'an, the money is not public funds, nor is it my private property. In addition, they have a committee headed by Gao Ziqin, please pay attention to it. I don't know exactly how much or where the property is. Except for what my father left me, I bought houses, land, stocks, etc., either for fun or to help my friends. I never paid much attention to them. If someone deliberately deceives me, then! I will not be willing to do so. I have always adhered to the principle of "clear bows and clear gains", and I hope you will be the same. We will not starve to death, even if we starve to death, it is inevitable. We have done countless sinful things by "rioting and violent things". "Wearing hair, crowns and tassels" is righteousness, and I am willing to do it. If I argue with others over money matters, then I won't do it. If I knew he was Hu Hua, he was a brother and a brother, and I wouldn't pull a hair out of him. I think you will know my temper, and I hope you will do the same! Wealth means a prosperous life, distinguished status, outstanding ability and success. In a sense, it is the embodiment of the value of life. Because of this, many people pursue wealth diligently, even at the expense of their health in exchange for money.
On the contrary, "If you don't bring it in life, you won't take it with you in death" and "It's just a passing cloud" is another commonly used expression in the world about money, fame and fortune. On January 28, 1995, Zhang Xueliang wrote a lyrical poem: "White hair makes people grow old, and false fame can mislead people. The Lord is so kind and generous, and wealth is like floating clouds." Throughout Zhang Xueliang's life, he regarded "wealth as floating clouds." It is a true portrayal of his treatment of wealth, and it reveals another side of Zhang Xueliang's life. A son inherits his father's business and values ??righteousness over profit. Zhang Xueliang's business originated from his father Zhang Zuolin. When Zhang Zuolin started his business in Northeast China, he once had a shareholding in Badaohao Coal Mine in Heishan. Later, the mine owner Liu Jiashan was unable to repay more and more debts, so he redeemed the coal mine to Zhang Zuolin. Starting in 1922, Zhang Zuolin entrusted Yan Tingrui and Wang Zhengfu to manage the coal mine. Due to the Zhang family's continuous investment in coal mines, the Badaohao Coal Mine produced dozens of tons of raw coal per day and was highly profitable until the "September 18th Incident" in 1931. On the eve of the first Zhili-Fengtian War, Zhang Zuolin's industry had expanded from Northeast China to North China. In 1919, Zhang Zuolin purchased a small building in the British Concession. That year, Zhang Zuolin discovered that Tianjin Hengyuan Textile Co., Ltd. was an industry that could be jointly operated. At that time, the largest textile company in North China was facing a shortage of funds and tight product supply and sales. Zhang Zuolin saw that it was profitable, so he made a huge sum of money. Capital investment. Soon, as most of the shares in the company were held by the Zhang family, Hengyuan Company was soon exclusively managed by Zhang Zuolin. After the victory of the second Zhili-Fengtian War in 1924, Zhang Zuolin withdrew the shares of Tianjin Hengyuan Textile Co., Ltd., returned to Northeast China alone, and built the first Fengtian Spinning Factory in Northeast China in Shenyang. When Zhang Zuolin was in power in Northeast China, he also had shares and investments in large and small enterprises such as Tycoon Iron Works, Northeast Bank, Datong Railway, Fenghai Railway, and Huilin Match Company. In his later years, while Zhang Zuolin focused on making a fortune and accumulating property, he also carried out necessary real estate development. In addition to the properties in Dayanmen, Xiaoheyan, Beiling, and other places in Shenyang, before he raised troops to enter the customs and aspire to conquer the Central Plains, he also purchased summer villas in Laohutan, Dalian, Yanggangzi, Liaoning, and other places. In 1925, he bought a villa in Tianjin, and in 1926 he bought the Shuncheng County Prince's Mansion in Beijing (today's seat of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference) as his temporary residence when he arrived in Beijing. Most of these real estates were family properties acquired by Zhang Zuolin during his lifetime. After General Zhang Xueliang inherited his father's business in the autumn of 1928, due to his character, he was completely different from his father's hobby of making money. He focused on the financial profits and losses of the Northeast and never cared about the possession of private property. Zhang Xueliang's economic income mainly relies on the annual salary earned by the security commander-in-chief of the three northeastern provinces, as well as the assets left by his father during his lifetime. During his reign, he never used his power to seek personal gain for the Zhang family. He even neglected to manage some of the commercial and industrial properties left to him by his father, and he also left some real estate properties behind. In the spring of 1920, Zhang Zuolin purchased another 4 million hectares of new land in Tailai County, Heilongjiang, Northeast China, and jointly established the Sino-Japanese Xingfa Company with Kihachiro Okura, the head of the Japanese consortium. The livestock industry unique to the region became one of the main sources of income for the Zhang family at that time. After the death of Zhang Zuolin in 1928, Zhang Xueliang ordered the withdrawal of all Zhang family shares and resolutely suspended cooperation with Japanese companies out of righteous indignation against Japan. The young marshal would rather give up his lucrative income than do business with Japanese businessmen. This matter was praised by people from all walks of life in the Northeast. In addition, when Zhang Zuolin was in charge of Northeast China, he also focused on relying on the advantages of the Guandong coastal area to do business. In 1919, the Yingkou Steamship Company operated by Zhang Benzheng in Liaoning suffered financial losses. Zhang Zuolin generously borrowed 300,000 northeastern coins to support the company through the difficulties. After that, Zhang Zuolin used the 200,000 Northeastern coins he funded as an investment to buy shares in the shipping company, which became another financial income for the Zhang family. Until Zhang Zuolin's death in 1928, Zhang Benzheng's Zhengji Steamship Company always distributed dividends to the Zhang family. However, after Zhang Xueliang came to power in 1929, he terminated his relationship with the shipping company and withdrew his father's investment. After 1930, although Zhang Xueliang held military and political power in Northeast and North China, he rarely purchased private property except for purchasing a residence in the Tianjin Concession for Ms. Zhao Yidi and her young child Zhang Lulin. After the "September 18th Incident" occurred in 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army broke into the Zhang family's mansion at the South Gate of Shenyang City and robbed Zhang Xueliang of his valuables stored in the old house as well as the antiques and celebrity calligraphy and paintings he had carefully collected for many years. All.
Soon, General Shigeru Honjo, commander-in-chief of the Japanese Kwantung Army, sent troops to transport Zhang Xueliang's private property to Peking in two trains. This is because as early as ten years ago, Honjo Shimo had served as an advisor to the Northeastern Army among the Northeastern warlords. During this period, Honjo Shimo had a close personal relationship with the Zhang family and his son. Therefore, when the batch of private property belonging to Zhang Xueliang was transported to Peking Qianmen Railway Station, a Japanese envoy immediately went to Zhang Xueliang's official residence in Shuncheng County to ask for an audience. Zhang Xueliang immediately angrily rebuked Honjo Shige's special envoy and sternly demanded that the Japanese special envoy transport the two cars of his personal property back to Shenyang, otherwise he would order those properties to be burned at the train station in protest. Decades later, Zhang Xueliang still feels deeply about this incident. In the summer of 1990, Zhang Xueliang said the following in an interview with Japan's NHK TV station in Taipei: "Honjo Shigeru sent two trains of my personal property, and he sent a person to write me a personal letter. I received Letter, tell that person: I don’t accept my things, I will never accept them. Although we were friends in the past and had a good relationship, we are now equal to enemies. I am not fighting to protect my own property. , What he did to me was tantamount to humiliating me. I said to the visitor, you must transport the things back to me. If you don’t take them back, I will set them on fire at the Beijing Railway Station. It's..." Later, Benzhuang Shi had no choice but to order the officials who came to Peiping to transport Zhang Xueliang's private property to transport the two trains of property back to Shenyang intact. However, this batch of private property belonging to Zhang Xueliang was later divided and robbed by the Japanese Kwantung Army. Although these things were eventually stolen by Japanese soldiers, Zhang Xueliang's character of not sacrificing national justice for his own private property was indeed so intimidating to the enemy at the time that the Japanese invaders had to look at him differently. Clean up private property, regardless of the amount. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, a group of Zhang Xueliang's old friends in Peking, in view of the current situation that no one took over Zhang's property after Japan surrendered, decided that Peng Xiangting should write to Song Ziwen in Nanjing, requesting that Song Ziwen He came forward to plead with Chiang Kai-shek to return Zhang Xueliang. This was a matter of course, and with the mediation of Song Ziwen and others, it was quickly approved by the Jiang family. In February 1946, Peng Xiangting asked Northeastern veteran Mo Dehui to personally go to Xifeng, Guizhou, where Zhang Xueliang was imprisoned at that time, to convey his intention to return the property in Peking. At that time, Zhang Xueliang had been under house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek for ten years. Little knowledge of what is happening in the outside world. This patriotic general who regarded money and wealth as external possessions all his life took his property in Peking lightly. However, out of the kindness and kindness he felt for his friends, he could not easily resist, so he wrote a letter to his sister Zhang Guanying (also known as Zhang Guanying) who was living in Xi'an at the time. A Shoufang) wrote a letter home. It is not difficult to see Zhang Xueliang's attitude towards wealth: Sister Shoufang: ... Regarding the property liquidation committee, let me explain in detail: This matter was initiated by senior friends from Pingjin and Tianjin with their good intentions, and they also reported it to the highest authorities To clarify, Peng Xiangting, Lai Guitian, and Hu Ruoyu wrote to me, asking me if I could do it and how to do it. I have replied to them and made it clear. Organize a committee and select several people who are related to the matter or who are convenient for doing things as committee members. Song Ziwen and Zhang Fushuai have been designated as the final people with the final decision-making power. Song is my best friend, and Zhang is our father. Song was appointed as the chairman of the committee and given full authority to deal with it. There are also some non-voting members who have designated family members and several relatives. This is to let everyone know what is going on, but they have no right to speak or interfere with the cleanup committee, so as not to talk too much and hinder the person in charge. You are also one of the non-voting committee members. I have to thank you for your trouble in the real estate industry in Shaanxi. I want to explain: There is a piece of land outside Xianyang and Hepingliang that is privately owned by me. Please do not inquire now. The land in Pingliang is not my private property. It is intended to be used for housing and production by my dependents who are exiled in the Northeast Pass. Just like the villages outside Xi'an, the money is not public funds, nor is it my private property. In addition, they have a committee headed by Gao Ziqin, please pay attention to it. I don't know exactly how much or where the property is. Except for what my father left me, I bought houses, land, stocks, etc., either for fun or to help my friends. I never paid much attention to them. If someone deliberately deceives me, then! I will not be willing to do so. I have always adhered to the principle of "Clean Gong Chu De", and I hope you will do the same. We will not starve to death, even if we starve to death, it is inevitable. We have done countless sinful things by "rioting and violent things". "Wearing hair, crowns and tassels" is righteousness, and I am willing to do it.
If I argue with others over money matters, then I won't do it. If I knew he was Hu Hua, he was a brother and I wouldn't have plucked a hair out of him. I think you will know my temper, and I hope you will do the same! Now I think of a poem by Zhang Jiangling, which was recorded for you. Look at how grand it is! "A book from thousands of miles away is like a wall, and it is only a few feet away." Why not, the Great Wall is still there today, but Qin Shihuang is nowhere to be seen. 'This is how people should be... Written by Di Liang on May 30th. From this letter written to his sister Zhang Shoufang when he was under house arrest in Guizhou, it is enough to see Zhang Xueliang's open-minded attitude towards family property. Relief to the poor, donate money, and die in old age. During Zhang Xueliang's stay in Shenyang and Peking, not only did he not pay attention to the increase in the value of private property, but he also used his own money from time to time to help the public, such as donating money to establish Tongze Middle School, Xinmin Primary School, and investing in the expansion of Northeastern University. Once, an ordinary athlete from Northeastern University went to the United States to participate in the Olympic Games without travel expenses. Zhang Xueliang made a donation after learning about it. After arriving in Xi'an, he used personal money to purchase land for the exiled Northeastern University to build a temporary campus. There are countless private donations made by Zhang Xueliang. Zhang Xueliang likes to collect ancient and modern calligraphy and paintings. This is his largest personal expense and the only place where he is happy to spend money. If he finds authentic ancient paintings and national treasures that are lost among the people, he will even spend a lot of money to buy them. General Zhang Xueliang has been detained by the Kuomintang military reunification agents for many years. When he retired with the rank of general or above in the 1960s, he was supposed to receive a huge pension, but it was unreasonably withheld by the military reunification agents. Since he has no financial resources, he naturally does not have valuable gold, silver and jewelry around him. However, despite being severely "disciplined" and imprisoned for decades, Zhang Xueliang still carries some books, ancient calligraphy and paintings that he values ??more precious than life. These are precious cultural relics that Zhang Xueliang kept company with during the most difficult period of his life. Most of them were brought to Taiwan by Zhang Xueliang from his hometown in Northeast China to Xi'an, Peiping, Fenghua, Chongqing, Hunan, Guizhou and other places. These books include history, religion, art, and philosophy. There are also some Japanese scholars studying the works of his father Zhang Zuolin, especially Zhang Xueliang's research results, experience notes, and unofficial histories on Chinese history, especially "History of the Ming Dynasty" and Wang Yangming's philosophy. Barnyard banknotes and the like are very valuable. In 1994, after Zhang Xueliang decided to live permanently in Hawaii, in April he entrusted his niece Zhang Luzhi in Taiwan to bring a group of collections kept in his old residence in Taipei to the Sotheby's Heritage Auction on his behalf. This is the first time that Zhang Xueliang has publicly disposed of his many years of collection after living in seclusion for half a century. The main reason why Zhang Xueliang disposed of these precious cultural relics that survived his hardships was that he would use them to support his life after settling in the United States. Because since Zhang Xueliang lost his freedom in 1936, he has lived under house arrest for nearly half a century. He has not had a penny of income and can only rely on some of his previous savings. Once he goes to live in a high-consumption country like the United States, , it is impossible without living expenses. From this we can also see Zhang Xueliang’s life in his later years. Most of Zhang Xueliang's calligraphy, calligraphy, poetry manuscripts and other cultural relics collected over the years are from the hands of famous Chinese painters and literati from the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republic of China, including painters Xie Yuan, Wu Daozi, Xu Wei, Zheng Banqiao, etc. whom he has collected for 70 years. Authentic silk hand scroll by famous artist. The collection contains the most abundant works by Ming Dynasty thinkers Wang Yangming and Huang Zongxi, both of which are rare and unique today. During nearly half a century of exile and migration, Zhang Xueliang overcame all kinds of dangerous difficulties unimaginable by the world to preserve these rare cultural relics to this day. Among the priceless properties that Zhang Xueliang took with him during his seclusion, many books from the Ming Dynasty almost have eyebrow comments written by Zhang Xueliang himself. Some of the experience notes are neatly written and have unique insights. In some English books and periodicals, you can also see Zhang Xueliang's detailed annotations after reading some words and phrases. The annotations added by Zhang on the Bible, Ming Dynasty Confucianism, and Song and Yuan Dynasty academic records are all written in neat calligraphy and small regular script, and are valuable cultural relics in themselves. In books such as Yangming's Philosophy, Zhang Xueliang even compiled a catalog index of names of people and places that can be read by future generations. These precious books, totaling approximately 2,000 volumes, were donated to the Tunghai University Library in Taiwan for free in 1993, before Zhang Xueliang went to the United States for the second time. Shortly after receiving this donation from Zhang Xueliang, Tunghai University made the decision to open the "Zhang Xueliang Library Memorial Room" at the school to make this precious collection of books available to researchers at home and abroad.
After General Zhang Xueliang settled on the beach of Hawaii, he still kept some of the last precious collections around him. This was his favorite collection in his life, so even though there were many places in the United States that were in urgent need of money, he was not willing to sell it. In 1995, during an "oral history" interview with Columbia University in Hawaii, General Zhang Xueliang learned that the school had a plan to open a "study"-style exhibition hall for him and Ms. Zhao Yidi. After careful consideration, he He decided to donate the last collection he brought with him to Columbia University free of charge for the purpose of opening an exhibition hall. Most of these collections include various rare and rare copies of "History of the Ming Dynasty" that Zhang Xueliang read during his confinement; many notes on his experience in studying "History of the Ming Dynasty" written by him during his stay in Yangmingdong, Guizhou, and his collection of "Unofficial History of the Ming Dynasty" Manuscripts that have been processed and sorted; handwritten letters to Zhang Xueliang from some military and political figures of the Kuomintang; poems, calligraphy and paintings exchanged among close friends in Taiwan such as Zhang Qun, Zhang Daqian, He Shili, etc.; letters from home; collections of seals of ancient and modern famous figures; precious photos of Zhang Xueliang in various historical periods Book etc. There are also various collections of Ms. Zhao Yidi: photo albums; the manuscripts of "History of the Ming Dynasty" that she assisted Zhang Xueliang in compiling during his confinement in Guizhou; the manuscripts of "Unofficial History of the Ming Dynasty" that she collected on her behalf; "Good News" and "Good News" written by those who believed in Christianity after 1959. Manuscripts of religious works such as "New Life" and "True Freedom", as well as manuscripts of texts and telegrams written for friends in China on behalf of Zhang Xueliang in his later years, etc. After these precious collections were delivered to Columbia University, they attracted the attention of the school, which decided to immediately establish the "Zhang Xueliang and Zhao Yidi Study Room" in the school's library to publicly display the above-mentioned important cultural relics. On October 21, 1996, Columbia University held the opening ceremony of the library. The name of the library was "Yidi Study" inscribed by Zhang Xueliang. More than a thousand Chinese and foreign scholars from San Francisco, Los Angeles, Washington and other places attended the opening ceremony held at the Columbia Library. At this point, the last private collections around Zhang Xueliang are no longer private. On December 6, 2006, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the "Xi'an Incident" and the 5th anniversary of Zhang Xueliang's death, the Zhang Family Mansion exhibited for the first time the daily necessities of General Zhang Xueliang during his lifetime. Since a large number of precious collections were donated before Zhang Xueliang's lifetime, there are only about 30 Zhang Xueliang's relics in the "Zhang Xueliang Relics Exhibition" area, including the Christmas tree that General Zhang loved in his later years, and a black wheelchair that accompanied General Zhang Xueliang in his later years. and a hanging pocket on the back of the wheelchair containing blood pressure monitors, seat belts, fans and other daily necessities. Another piece of sportswear that Zhang Xueliang wore for fitness in his later years was a gift chosen by Zhang Xueliang’s sister-in-law Xie Xueping for General Xueliang in Beijing on his 100th birthday that year. These are all items collected by the Zhang Family Mansion after Zhang Xueliang's death in Hawaii after contacting his children Zhang Lüying and Zhang Lulin. Zhang Xueliang and Li Junqiang who regard wealth as floating clouds