1. Accumulate content words, function words and sentence patterns commonly used in classical Chinese, and memorize famous sentences in the text.
2. Understand the images of Zhao Dun, Jin Linggong, Dong Hu and the Warriors.
3. Guide students to understand and explore the spirit of China's ancient historiography? Spring and autumn brushwork? The cultural connotation of.
Teaching focus:
1. Accumulate content words, function words and sentence patterns commonly used in classical Chinese, and memorize famous sentences in the text.
2. Understand the images of Zhao Dun, Jin Linggong, Dong Hu and the Warriors.
3. Jin Linggong's performance.
Teaching difficulties:
Guide students to understand and explore the spirit of China's ancient historiography? Spring and autumn brushwork? The cultural connotation of.
the first paragraph
First, import:
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a minister named Zhao Dun in the State of Jin, who obviously did not participate in the rebellion against King Jin Linggong. All the officials in the Qing Dynasty can prove his innocence, but Dong Hu, a historian of the State of Jin, confidently told everyone in front of the courtiers. As a historian, I wrote down? Zhao Dun killed his king? . ? When this statement came out, Zhao Dun complained bitterly, and the civil and military officials were helpless. What happened? Today, we are going to see what this strange injustice is all about.
Second, the introduction of the work:
Zuo Zhuan is the first chronicled history book in China.
The early years of the Western Han Dynasty were called Zuoshi Chunqiu. Later, it was called Zuozhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period. Right? Isn't Jin Linggong a gentleman? It is only briefly mentioned in Spring and Autumn Annals, but in Zuo Zhuan, this historical event is also written as plot, character, cause and effect, and the character is flesh and blood. So what are the narratives in Zuo Zhuan? Detailed? This narrative style has become a model for later generations because of its characteristics, dramatic plots and specific character activities.
Third, the overall perception:
1. Specify students to read the text correctly and read the sentences clearly. (Words on the blackboard)
2. The teacher explains the important words.
3. Students refer to notes to understand words.
4. The teacher checks the students' mastery of words and expressions.
the second part
First, the teacher checks the students' mastery of words and expressions:
Second, understand the text:
1, article title? Isn't Jin Linggong a gentleman? Throughout the full text, Jin Linggong Jun? No, Jun? What a few things?
( 1)? Thick enough to carve walls? That is, heavy taxes are levied on the people to decorate the palace walls and satisfy their extravagant desires. (greed)
(2)? Act the people on the stage and watch them play with pills. ? That is to shoot bullets from the high platform and see how ministers can avoid bullets for fun. (ridiculous)
(3)? Killing a husband and a bear is unfamiliar. If you kill them, you will make a woman turn her back. ? In other words, Jin Linggong killed the chef before steaming his paws. After the killing, she also let the woman walk through the court with a dustpan. (cruel)
(4)? Zi Xuan suddenly remonstrated, and the people suffered greatly, making them thieves. ? After drinking Zhao Dun, will Fu Jia have an attack? ,? What happened to my husband? . That is to say, he didn't listen to the advice of Zhao Dun and other ministers, and tried to kill Zhao Dun many times, even at the expense of using fierce dogs. The author chooses four most representative things to make readers fully feel that Jin Linggong really doesn't deserve to be a monarch, and his murder is completely reasonable.
2. As for the ministers' exhortation to Jin Linggong, the author uses the method of complex and simple comparison to try to make a concrete analysis.
Historical Records is written with numerous strokes. How did Historical Records go to see Gong Ling, and how did Gong Ling pretend not to see him? Shi Ji walked three times and finally came to the dripping eaves. Gong Ling had to look up at Shi Ji. Here, the author writes very detailed and interesting, which makes us have a deeper understanding of the image of Jin Linggong. Jin Linggong is very clever. As soon as he saw Historical Records, he knew what he came for, so he pretended not to see it. First, he avoided it. When there was nothing to hide, he took the initiative to admit his mistake to block Shi Ji's mouth. Although Historical Records didn't fully believe Gong Ling's words, he couldn't remonstrate, so he had to? How good is it to change it after it? Something like that to encourage you. This is a complicated pen.
Zhao Dun wrote with a simple pen. The author only wrote one sentence? Zi Xuan suddenly remonstrated? , that is to say, Zhao Dun remonstrated many times. As for how Zhao Dun protested, and whether Gong Ling tried to pretend not to see it again, the author omitted it, leaving everything to the reader's imagination. Zhao Dun is the protagonist of this article, and it is supposed to write a great book, but the author enters the theme with a short pen, leaving a large piece of pen and ink behind. The complexity is extremely complicated, and the simplicity is extremely simple, which makes people admire.
Zhao Dun protested many times, but Duke Ling of Jin not only refused to restrain himself, but regarded Zhao Dun as an enemy, and he was determined to get rid of it. So, in the next two scenes, three samurai appeared in turn. Try to analyze the image of the three samurai?
I'm sorry:
The first samurai to appear was a scorpion. He was ordered by Gong Ling to assassinate Zhao Dun, but when he saw all this? Fu Sheng Chao Jiang? Zhao Dun, who has a strong psychological contradiction ── killing Zhao Dun is disloyal to the country, and not killing Zhao Dun is bad faith, and finally chose to commit suicide. The image of scorpion is very glorious. There is another problem that needs to be explained briefly. Some students may ask, I died at that time, so where did he learn his inner monologue before he died? In fact, this is a common way of writing in history books, which can be called? Hanging? , that is? Take it for granted? The meaning of. This kind? Take it for granted? It is not fiction, but a reasonable imagination made by the author according to the situation at that time, the result of things and the character.
Timmy:
Duke Ling of Jin held a banquet and planned to assassinate Zhao Dun at the banquet. This time, there are two brave men, Timmy and rinaldo. Timmy is brave and good at fighting, and pays attention to strategy: Timmy learned about Gong Ling's plot after going to Zhao Dun for dinner. He didn't rush to attack, but first talked about etiquette. I'm going to give a banquet for my ministers and gentlemen. I want three masters, which is disgraceful. ? Let Zhao Dun leave for this reason, showing a witty side. Jin Linggong not only ignored Timmy's courtesy, but told the fierce dog to bite him, showing his masculinity again? No, Jun? . Timmy bravely struggled with fierce dogs and soldiers, and finally lost his life.
Ling Nuo:
Guo Lin was grateful and knew right from wrong: Timmy fought bravely with fierce dogs and soldiers and finally lost half to death. At this point, Guo Lin appeared. He was a soldier in Gong Ling, but he returned and rescued Zhao Dun. When Zhao Dun asked the name of the donor, he just said yes? The hungry man of Mulberry? . Before the appearance of reinaldo, the author supplemented a story about Zhao Dun's rescue of reinaldo in shouyangshan by narrative.
The images of the three samurai are all brilliant. The author only wrote one or two clips for everyone, but what is unforgettable is that the author grasped the details that can best express the character.
4. Confucius said Zhao Dun? Is that Dr. Gu Zhiliang? What is reflected in the article?
( 1)? Fu Sheng Chao Jiang? ,? Sitting catnap? ,? Don't forget respect? .
Seeing that Jin Linggong killed people at will, he was very worried. I have advised Jin Linggong many times, hoping that the public officials in Jinling can repent and become a good monarch.
(3) considerate. See Guo Lin hungry and sick, give him food; I heard that he wanted to save money for his family, so he prepared rich food for his family.
(4) although? Suffering for the law? , but fully respect the records of historians.
5. How to understand Zhao Dun? Suffering for the law?
Confucius thought Zhao Dun was a good minister of state, and he sympathized with him, but he thought he was a burden? Regicide? The accusation is not unfair.
The principle of Dong Hu, an official of Jin State, was not to conceal the truth, and the criterion for evaluating the truth was generally recognized at that time (patriarchal social morality and code of conduct). In the eyes of Dong Hu and Confucius, Zhao Dun was a minister and an official of the State of Jin. If you don't die, don't ask for a thief. , should be responsible for the death of Jin Linggong, so remember what to do? Zhao Dun killed his king? Is in line with etiquette.
But, what about this? Suffering for the law? Blurred the truth and caused unnecessary misunderstanding to future generations. We can imagine: What is the history we can see without Zuo Zhuan's explanation of Spring and Autumn Annals? Zhao Jindun killed his monarch Gao Yi? . This is obviously not the truth of history.
Third, explain? Spring and autumn brushwork? And then what? Spring and autumn brushwork? Application in this paper.
Spring and autumn brushwork, also known as? Spring and Autumn Calligraphy? Or? What's the big deal? , is an ancient calendar in China.
Narrative methods and techniques of history. That is, according to a certain example, by choosing a specific title or using certain words in the narrative, we can make a clear, concise and implicit moral judgment on historical figures and events, so as to achieve the purpose of seeking truth and persuading punishment.
What is the beginning of the article? Isn't Jin Linggong a gentleman? ,? No, Jun? I just can't be frank, straight and clear-cut. When describing Jin Linggong's misdeeds, the author also skillfully synthesized the evaluation of this incident. Like what? Thick enough to carve walls? , one? Thick? This word is enough to show the greed of Jin Linggong and the author's hatred for him.
The author lists three things that Jin Linggong can't be a gentleman, and writes the admonition book of Historical Records with numerous strokes. When he pretended not to see it for the first time and couldn't escape, he took the initiative to admit his mistake in order to block Shijie's mouth. Under the sincere persuasion of Historical Records, Duke Ling of Jin did not sincerely repent. The author used a simple pen. Still not changing? These three characters describe Jin Linggong's arbitrariness and recklessness. One? Or? The word implies that Jin Linggong was finally killed by Zhao Chuan, which was entirely his own making. What is Zhao Dun's reaction to Jin Ling's public ownership which can't have virtue? The author still uses a simple pen, or? Whisper? ,? Zi Xuan suddenly remonstrated? , one? Suddenly? This word describes Zhao Dun's loyalty and persistence, and also promotes the development of the event-? Public suffering makes it a thief? .
The bad king Jin Linggong did not reflect on the killer's suicide, but went his own way. Zhao Dun, a loyal minister, is undoubtedly a menace to the Duke of Jinling, and he is not unhappy about it. Jin Linggong gave birth to another plan: a banquet to kill ministers. Because such a banquet is a hidden danger, not a feast between the monarch and the minister, the author failed? Zhao Dun wine, please. I haven't written it yet. Jin Hou banquet Zhao Dun wine? , more can't write? Jin Hou Xie wine? , and wrote? Jin Hou drinks Zhao Dun wine? . ? Drink? What does it mean in ancient Chinese? Whose drink? ,? Drink? Objects are often animals, such as? Drinking horses? . It goes without saying that Jin Linggong is sinister and diabolical.
When Mimi, Zhao Dun's motorcycle hand-held, learned of the plot of Duke Ling of Jin, Timmy hurried to class and skillfully saved Zhao Dun from the wine table with the gift of the monarch and the minister. Critical moment, Timmy? Going up? , one? Trend? This word shows Timmy's courage and wisdom, and also sets off Zhao Dun's knowledge and responsibility. Similarly, what about Guo Lin? Inverted halberd? Gratitude shows that Zhao Dun's popularity and Jin Linggong are the only husbands mentioned by thousands of people.
For the whole incident, the author borrowed Confucius' words and made a concise and clear evaluation of right and wrong: Gu Zhiliang's doctor Zhao was harmed by the law. Cherish also, the more is freedom. ? Okay？ Word sum? Cherish? This word expresses the author's praise and regret for Zhao Dun. As for Jin Linggong's death, I think it is entirely self-inflicted, so I won't go into details. His words are implicit and profound, which is admirable.
The second teaching goal of "Jin Ling Gong Bu Jun"
1. Accumulate content words, function words and sentence patterns commonly used in classical Chinese, and memorize famous sentences in the text.
2. Understand the images of Zhao Dun, Jin Linggong, Dong Hu and the Warriors.
3. Guide students to understand and explore the spirit of China's ancient historiography? Spring and autumn brushwork? The cultural connotation of.
Teaching assumption
This unit mainly studies historical works and ideas. The writing content consists of three parts: classic original text, relevant reading materials and broadening horizons. ? Classic original? Jin Ling Gong Bu Jun is a famous chapter in Zuo Zhuan. The writing is not difficult, the story is vivid, properly tailored, the narrative is smooth, the characters are full, and the personality is distinct, which clearly reflects the so-called? Spring and autumn brushwork? . In teaching, the narrative art of the text can be combined with the correctness. Spring and autumn brushwork? Dialectical understanding is the focus of teaching.
The teaching time is two hours.
first kind
Introduction: Starting with recalling the historical works learned, this paper introduces the literary knowledge of Zuo Zhuan and Historical Records.
1. Zuo Zhuan is a chronological historical work in ancient China. The early years of the Western Han Dynasty were called Zuoshi Chunqiu. Later, it was called Zuozhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zuozhuan is the abbreviation of Chunqiu Zuozhuan.
2. Jin Linggong, son of Duke Xiang of Jin, grandson of Duke Wang of the 26th generation of Jin, was a famous tyrant in the history of China in 14.
3. Zhao Dun, Jin Zhengqing (equivalent to Prime Minister), Zi Xuan, posthumous title.
Second, the preliminary understanding of the full text.
1, correct pronunciation and clear sentences. Let some students read the relevant paragraphs and write the words on the blackboard.
Hard words: eat for the benefit of the public, and enjoy yourself if you suffer from evil.
Common words
Play a man on the stage, but watch his pills open-avoid Xuanzi Day in Shoushan Day.
Ziyi died unsatisfied, but unexpectedly-the situation was lost to the thief-he came back.
There is a vacancy in my post, and Zhongshan just made up for it-I lack breasts and I take care of myself.
2. Read the full text.
Third, read the first paragraph by yourself, ask questions and explain them to teachers and students. Several problems (difficulties) about this text
1. From what aspects does the article "Jin Linggong is not a gentleman" focus on the cruelty and deserved end of Jin Linggong?
Tip: This article highlights the cruel and deserved ending of Jin Linggong from many angles with vivid materials. The first part describes Jin Linggong's tyranny, luxury and cruelty with typical examples, and humbly accepts the exhortation of Historical Records. In the second part, I wrote that Jin Linggong not only failed to correct his mistakes, but also continued to kill Zhao Dun, who advised him. In the third part, Gong Ling was killed by Zhao Chuan, and Zhao Dun bore the name of regicide.
2. How do you know the character Zhao Dun in Jin Ling Announces the Army from the perspective of Confucianism?
Hint: Zhao Dun did it in the way of the minister? Where to? . He respects the monarch and is the most loyal to him, which is manifested in his courage to speak out. Zhao Dun protested against Jin Linggong's indiscriminate killing of Zaifu, which led to the murder of Duke Ling of Jin. This can't say that I didn't dare to speak out and didn't do my loyalty to the monarch. So-called? Where to? There is also a content, that is, dedication and seriousness to work. Zhao Dun had a snack on duty. In order to go to court, he got up very early, and even sat asleep and waited in full dress. This is his dedication, so the killer can't help but sigh that Zhao Dun is? Don't forget respect? . Here, Zhao Dun is really respectable in his behavior and his affairs.
Did Zhao Dun benefit the people? Yes! When you are hungry while hunting, give him food. Knowing that his mother was still at home, he told him to finish eating and take a bag of rice and meat home. This can't be said to be the grace of supporting the people.
Judging from the above performance, Zhao Dun is indeed a good minister who acts in the way of a minister.
3. Examples show that the materials in this paper are attractive.
Hint: Liu Zhiji commented on Zuo Zhuan in Shi Tong in Tang Dynasty. Very little writing, outstanding in ancient and modern times? . Zhang Qing Xue Cheng also said Zuo Zhuan? Narrative texts are infinitely changeable, such as the absurdity written by Jin Linggong in this article. On the one hand, he wrote that he carved the wall extremely dissolutely, on the other hand, he wrote that he was cruel to the people outside the palace. Play the people on the stage and watch them avoid pills? ; Are there a pair of Zaifu in the palace? Kill your husband and bear, kill them, kill them, and let your wife take them to North Korea? . Is this really material? Rarely heard? It highlights Jin Linggong's numbness, cruelty and ferocity, and is very expressive.
4. Give an example to illustrate the narrative of this article? Detailed? .
Hint: Generally speaking, all the descriptions in this article are unique to Chunqiu? Zhao Jindun killed his monarch Gao Yi? In a word, it is the cause and effect of this matter, that is, why did Zhao Dun kill his king, whether he should kill his king, how was Duke Ling of Jin killed, whether Zhao Dun killed him, and so on. It is difficult to understand this sentence alone. This article tells the story in detail and clearly, so that readers can understand the whole process of the matter. Is this his? Detailed? ; This paper not only describes all kinds of dissolute behaviors, but also describes the process of remonstrating history, how to send messengers to assassinate and murder by taking advantage of the banquet, and why they were named regicide. Is this his? Bo? . One? Detailed? One? Bo? , not only greatly enhanced the richness of the article content, right and wrong can be judged, but also put Confucianism? Jun Jun, minister, father, son? The props are vividly displayed.
5. Illustrate the twists and turns of the plot and the artistic features of the article with examples.
Tip: The intense and moving plot gives this article a strong story and drama. Among them, Historical Records and Zhao Dun discussed the dangers predicted in the admonition book, the assassination of an animal, the depiction of its psychological contradiction, the thrilling scene of fighting a mastiff in Tieming, and Zhao Dun's inability to defend himself in the name of regicide. The narrative and description of these plots are suspenseful, illusory and dynamic. Or frightening and touching; Or seductive body odor, thought-provoking. Interlocking, one after another, intriguing. It's really unpredictable and interesting. This kind of twists and turns is also reflected in the agility of narrative brushwork, as summarized by Zhang Xuecheng, an essayist in the Qing Dynasty, in Zhang's suicide note. Those who regard it as dharma include sequential narrator, reverse narrator, analogy narrator, suggestive narrator, interrupting narrator, false narrator, double narrator, pre-breaking narrator, pre-breaking narrator, pre-breaking narrator and pre-breaking narrator. Go ahead and put on makeup at the back. The unity of two things, the dichotomy of one thing, the interlude, the hidden narration, the flashback, the flashback, the change of clutch, and the coexistence of strange things, such as Sun Wu's use of troops and drug abuse. Wonder, a few in the chemical industry. Its method is not prepared in Zuo Shi. ? If you read this article carefully, you can't check the numbers one by one, but you should also have a glimpse and appreciate its narrative, which changes one by one.
The teacher reminded the students of the following words:
1. No way, no way. Thick collection and tax increase. Treat conjunctions as translations.
2. Play a person on the stage and watch him play with pills. And: Conjunctions can be translated.
3. kill the husband and bear, kill it, and turn your wife's back. Chef Zaifu. Over Korea, through the imperial court.
4. if you don't advance, you will have, and if you advance, you will have. How do you explain Mo Zhi's inheritance?
Tip: No one will continue your suggestion. Mo's successor is also Mo's successor. Mo: No infinitive pronoun, no one. This pronoun refers to Zhao Dun, that is, you. Used here as the object of \ \' following \ \'.
5. It can be made up, but it can't be wasted. Make amends, make amends. Gunshots, robes. This refers to the throne.
6. No one has made mistakes, but they can change. There is no such thing as kindness. Hint: There is nothing greater than this in good deeds.
Homework: translate the second half and write it in the exercise book.
Second lesson
First, read the article. (Unified reading is combined with individual reading, and individual reading is mainly to check the seriousness of students in the last class. )
Second, students read the translation, say and do the problems in their homework.
The teacher reminds the students to accumulate the following words.
1, that's what I said. I guess it's me.
2. The public suffers greatly from it, and it is difficult to (ch? A thief. Suffer from: disgust. One: a generation of warriors. Thief 1: Killed Zhao Dun. \' Here stands for Zhao Dun.
3. golden monkey drink (y? N) Zhao Dun wine: used for wine. Conviction usage.
4. What do you mean by "husband", "husband" and "mastiff"? Hint: Xun (sǒu): barking dogs. Husband: demonstrative pronoun. That mastiff (? O): fierce dog.
5. What is the explanation for hitting and rolling? Hint: and, conjunction, one side? a party
6. What is Timmy's explanation of death in Death? Tip: To die is to die for Zhao Dun.
7. pour the halberd for the public and avoid it. About the explanation of exemption? Tip: Avoid it so that Zhao Dun won't get hurt.
8. Zhao Dun's explanation for killing his monarch? Tip: Killing, in ancient times, if the minister killed the king and the son killed his father, it was called killing.
9. Ancient and modern synonyms? Zi Xuan suddenly remonstrated? what's up Suddenly? 、? A thief? what's up Thief? 、? Hungry at the sight of spirits? what's up Hungry? 、? Calligraphy is not hidden? what's up Calligraphy? , and so on.
10, omitting symbols
Fourth, understand the text. (Combine Exercise 1 and Exercise 2)
1. Jin Linggong? No, Jun? Reflected in the following points: (1)? Thick enough to carve walls? That is, heavy taxes are levied on the people to decorate the palace walls. (2)? Act the people on the stage and watch them play with pills. ? That is to shoot bullets from the high platform and see how ministers can avoid bullets for fun. (3)? Killing a husband and a bear is unfamiliar. If you kill them, you will make a woman turn her back. ? In other words, Jin Linggong killed the chef before steaming his paws. After the killing, she also let the woman walk through the court with a dustpan. (4)? Zi Xuan suddenly remonstrated, and the people suffered greatly, making them thieves. ? Will Fu Jia have an attack after drinking Zhao Dun? ,? What happened to my husband? . That is to say, he didn't listen to the advice of Zhao Dun and other ministers, and tried to kill Zhao Dun many times, even at the expense of using fierce dogs. All these show that Duke Ling of Jin is greedy, absurd and cruel, and he can't be kind.
2. Zhao Dun as? Dr. Gu Zhiliang? What does it reflect?
Zhao Dun as? Dr. Gu Zhiliang? We can see from the following things: (1)? Fu Sheng Chao Jiang? ,? Sitting catnap? ,? Don't forget respect? . Seeing that Jin Linggong killed people at will, he was very worried. I have advised Jin Linggong many times, hoping that the public officials in Jinling can repent and become a good monarch. (3) understanding. See Guo Lin hungry and sick, give him food; I heard that he wanted to save money for his family, so he prepared rich food for his family. (4) although? Suffering for the law? , but fully respect the records of historians.
3. How to understand Zhao Dun? Suffering for the law?
What is the law? Calligraphy? , which is the principle of memory. The principle of Dong Hu, an official of Jin State, was not to conceal the truth, and the criterion for evaluating the truth was generally recognized at that time (patriarchal social morality and code of conduct). Confucius thought Zhao Dun was a good minister of state, and he sympathized with him, but he thought he was a burden? Regicide? How much is the charge? Suffering for the law? There is nothing wrong with it.
Zuo Zhuan is used in many things? A gift? And then what? Indecent assault? To evaluate. According to Dong Hu and Confucius, Zhao Dun, as an official of the State of Jin, would not ask to be a thief if he did not die. , should be responsible for the death of Jin Linggong, so remember what to do? Zhao Dun killed his king? Is in line with etiquette.
But, what about this? Suffering for the law? Blurred the truth and caused unnecessary misunderstanding to future generations. We can imagine: What is the history we can see without Zuo Zhuan's explanation of Spring and Autumn Annals? Zhao Jindun killed his monarch Gao Yi? . This is obviously not the truth of history.
4. Read the full text and try to analyze how the article reflects Confucianism. Jun Jun, minister, father, son? The idea?
Tip (key points):
1.？ Jun Jun, minister, father, son? You are like a monarch, you have to do it your way, I am like a minister, you have to do it my way, and so do father and son.
2. Jin Linggong is not a gentleman, which means Jin Linggong is not a gentleman. Gather together to carve a wall, bomb people to step down and slaughter their husbands, not only knowing their mistakes, but also plotting to kill loyal ministers. How can they be like monarchs?
3. As a courtier, Zhao Dun dared to openly oppose Jin Linggong's killing of Zaifu and was loyal to the monarch. Zhao Dun had a snack on duty. He serves North Korea. Don't forget respect? . Judging from the way Zhao Dun treats hungry souls, supporting the people is also beneficial. Zhao Dun is indeed a good minister who acts in the way of a minister.
4. Although there is not much pen and ink to write about Mo Ling, he has written the image of a gifted scholar. Guo Lin walked down the child's path. He hasn't eaten for three days, and he's starving. When he got something to eat, he didn't forget to leave half for his mother. This is filial piety.
5. Dong Hu thought it was Zhao Dun's regicide. This seems unfair, but at the end of the article, Zhao Dun said with regret: Suffer for the law, do it and cherish it. ? This one mentioned here? Law? It is the Confucian way of monarch and minister! Finally, Chunqiu expounded Confucius' political ideal, while Zuozhuan claimed to explain Chunqiu. Spring and Autumn Annals said that Zhao Dun's regicide was taken from a courtier? Loyalty? Loyalty to the extreme. In other words, Zhao Dun's loyalty is not enough, blame him! This is a birthright!
It can be seen that the article really comprehensively and profoundly reflects the thoughts of Confucian monarch, minister and father.