The historical value of Baiyun Temple in Huixian County:
Baiyun Temple is located under the Guanfeng Peak of Bailushan at the southern end of Taihang Mountain, 32km west of Huixian City. Formerly known as Baimao Temple, also known as Mengjue Temple. Founded in the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, it has a history of more than 13 years.
the temple faces south, and the existing main buildings include the mountain gate, the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Major Hall, the left and right annex halls, the east and west annex buildings, the east and west wing rooms, the Bell and Drum Tower and the Earth Treasure Hall. The existing halls are Ming Dynasty buildings, and the rest are Qing Dynasty buildings. However, many components still have obvious Tang and Song styles, and the murals, paintings and carvings of various parts in the hall are first-class fine works.
The existing important cultural relics in the temple mainly include: a stone tablet in the Song Dynasty, two stone pagodas in the Yuan Dynasty, four brick pagodas in the Song and Ming Dynasties, and 21 stone tablets in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, there are 6 ginkgo trees in Song Dynasty, Jinsha and Yinsha Gu Quan.
Baiyun Temple, formerly known as Baimao Temple, is also known as Mengjue Temple, Daigakuji Temple and Bailu Temple. Founded in the reign of Emperor Gaozong in the Tang Dynasty.
the scale of temples expanded in the five dynasties. In the fourth year of Xiande in the late Zhou Dynasty (957), a monk master went to the abbot Baiyun Temple. The Jin Dynasty changed its name to "Daigakuji".
It was rebuilt in the 2th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283) and the name of "Baimao Temple" was restored. In the 24th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1391), it was rebuilt and renamed "Baiyun Temple". In the second year of Wanli (1574), the abbot, Monk Zhanren, led his disciples to rebuild the Hall of the Heavenly King with the donors, Tang Dong and Tang Lan. During Hongzhi and Zhengde years, Baiyun Temple entered its heyday, with more than 1 monks. In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), Dingbo monk rebuilt it and renamed it "Bailu Temple".
there were many repairs during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing dynasty. During the Republic of China, there were more than 7 monks in the temple, with more than 3 mu of temple production and more than 2, mu of forest. The bells of the ancient temple spread as far as ten miles away, becoming the central temple of eight temples in Bailushan area (Xuanji, Bailu, Fazhu, Xianyang, Longyu, Baoquan and Hump), and "the best one to cover all the Brahms in Taihang Mountain" (in the words of Huixian Annals of Qing Daoguang), which can be called a Buddhist holy place.
In the winter of p>1943, Commander Pi Dingjun of the Fifth Army Division of the Eighth Route Army Taihang organized a front command post in Baiyun Temple. On September 15th, 1947, the Taihang Seventh Special Agency built Huixian Normal School in Baiyun Temple, also known as "Baiyun Temple Normal School". On February 14, 1949, Huixian County was liberated, and the school moved into the urban area, and Baiyun Temple became a memorial site of revolutionary sites. On June 2, 1963, the Henan Provincial People's Committee announced that the 5 Luohan Monument in the Song Dynasty and the stone pagoda of the Great Zen Master in Puzhao were the first batch of provincial-level cultural relics protection units. On November 21, 1986, Baiyun Temple was announced by Henan Provincial People's Government as the second batch of provincial cultural relics protection units. On June 25th, 26, it was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
(1) Temple layout
The entire courtyard of Baiyun Temple was built according to the mountain situation. The original building entered four courtyards, and it was a group building with a central axis. The existing buildings are composed of the mountain gate, the Bell and Drum Tower, the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Major Hall and its annex, the East-West Wing, the East-West Wing, and the Earth Treasure King Hall, with more than 6 rooms.
mountain gate: built on a stone platform. Three rooms in width and one in depth, brick and wood structure. Hard top, covered with gray tile. The ridge is decorated with exquisite lotus leaves. Before and after the Ming dynasty, the doors were opened, and two boards were installed respectively. There are bluestone steps in front of the door and bluestone vertical belts on both sides. The front wall of the second room is provided with lattice wooden windows. There is a door on each side of the mountain gate, all of which are hard-mountain gray tile roofs. In front of the mountain gate is a high platform with ramps on both sides. There are five ginkgo trees planted in Song Dynasty in the east-west horizontal row directly in front of the high platform.
bell and drum tower: the bell tower is located 5 meters north of the left side of the mountain gate, with a brick-wood structure, a double-eaved hard top and a gray tile roof. A wide face, a deep one. There are stairs on the west outside to get up and down. The Drum Tower is no longer in existence.
Heavenly King Hall: three rooms are wide and one room is deep. Brick-wood structure, hard peak, covered with gray tile. The front ridge is a high relief dragon, and the vertical ridge is decorated with lotus leaf and lotus pattern. The east and west mountains are blue bricks and rich winds. There is a front porch, a special-shaped bucket is placed on the stigma under the eaves, and the eaves, buckets, flat beams and columns are painted. Before and after the Ming dynasty, the door was opened, and a plaque of "Cihang Pudu" was hung on the front door. There are two stone monuments under the eaves on both sides of the front door, and there is a platform in front of the temple. There is a ginkgo tree in Song Dynasty on the right outside the back door. There are two doors on the left and right sides of the Buddhist temple, and the west gate is no longer there, only the remains of the column foundation are left. In the east gate, the lintel reads "Baiyun Temple" in four brick-carved official script characters.
daxiong hall: five rooms in width and three in depth. Brick-wood structure, hanging from the top of the mountain, covered with gray tile. There are high reliefs of colored glass on the main ridge and the vertical ridge. There are eight dragons and several lotus flowers carved on the main ridge, and kisses are placed at both ends. There are various small animals in the original decoration, but it is a pity that it no longer exists. The vertical ridge is decorated with lotus flowers and lotus leaves. The east and west mountains are very unique because of the colorful glass hanging fish and the rich wind. Under the front eaves, there are five steps on the single head, and the piano face is raised. Between the Ming and the second time, the bunk beds are each inclined, and the melon edges are fighting. The flat Fang is huge, and the column forehead and sparrow replacement are carved through flowers. All the above components are painted, which is extremely beautiful. There are four small octagonal pillars under the front eaves. Two couplets were originally carved, but I don't know when they were worn off. Later, the words "Buddha's light shines" were engraved on the upper ends of the four pillars. There is a lotus column foundation under the column. Twelve six-plastered lattice doors were installed between the Ming and the second. There are five beams in the hall, all of which are painted. There are murals on the two mountain walls, and the painters are very meticulous. There is a plaque of "Hall of Great Heroes" hanging on the main entrance. There are eight-character walls on both sides in front of the temple, and four Qing Dynasty steles are embedded in the walls. In front of the temple is a wide platform, and there are bluestones that can be stamped directly into the hall. Under the left and right hills of the main hall, there are hard-mountain-style grey tile-topped moon gates, and the east gate is titled "Quiet Garden" and the west gate is titled "Quiet Garden", forming unit courtyards respectively. The entrances are three wide two-story halls, with a hard peak and a gray tile roof, a front porch and wooden stairs to get up and down. On the east and west sides of the platform in front of the main hall, there are five double-eaved hard-mountain cloth-tile-topped accompanying buildings. Before the annex, there were three east and west wing rooms.
In addition, the northwest side of the temple is a closed courtyard, which is called the Dizang King Hall, commonly known as Grandma Hall. There is a white marble sculpture of the bodhisattva, the carving technique is exquisite and delicate.
looking at the whole temple, the layout is reasonable and the structure is rigorous. There is not only the front and rear penetration of the central axis, but also the left and right echoes of the left and right hospitals. The corner door is hidden, the winding path is secluded, and the characteristics are unique.
(2) Tallinn Landscape
Baiyun Temple is a thousand-year-old temple, and Buddhist activities have flourished several times, thus leaving stupas and forming a spectacular Tallinn landscape. Deep in the jungle on the hillside behind the temple, there are 4 brick pagodas in Song and Ming Dynasties and 2 stone pagodas in Yuan Dynasty. They are "Silently Showing the Buddhists' Hui Gong Pagoda", "Disappearing the Old Man's Wonder Pagoda", "Hidden Temple Elder Pagoda", "Lonely Family Showing the Buddhists' Lonely Peak Elder Pagoda", "The Great Buddhist Pagoda" and "The Great Buddhist Pagoda". In addition, there are two pagodas, "Guishan Monk Pagoda" and "Zhonggong Monk Pagoda". The pagodas no longer exist, only the pagoda inscription remains. According to the local old people, the stupa of Baiyun Temple is far more than that, and it no longer exists because of the war and natural disasters.
Hui Gong Pagoda, a Zen master with a silent photo, is located in the hillside jungle behind the temple. It was built in the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1246). Sitting north and south, the plane is square. Close-eaves pure brick structure, five floors, with a height of 7.8 meters. The tower foundation is Sumitomo, and most of it is not under the surface. The eaves of the tower on the first floor are dripping with cloth tiles, and the face of the piano is raised. The eaves are made of inverted masonry. The pagoda is built with lotus. In the middle of the south of the tower, there is an inscription embedded in it, which wrote an article for Yuan Haowen, a good friend and writer of Tongwu Zen Master. The inscription narrates the life, experience and prestige of Master Hui Gong: "When Master Hui died for seven days, he would be buried far and near, and the city would be moved ... There were many supernatural events".
Stone Pagoda of the Great Zen Master in Puzhao: Stone Carved Lama Pagoda. It is the relocation stupa of the great Zen master who presided over the Buddha's light shining in the mountains. It was built on February 15th, 1229, in the 29th year of Yuan Dynasty, by a Buddhist monk, the Great Zen Master Miao Jue. Pure stone structure. Five floors, 4.9 meters high. The tower base and eaves are octagonal, and the tower is drum-shaped. The tower foundation consists of a double-layer sumeru. Most of the lower sumeru is submerged below the surface of the earth, only the octagonal upper Fang is exposed, and the geisha music is carved on it. Four pot doors are carved in the waist part of the upper sumeru, and a lying lion is carved in each door, with peony flowers carved between the pot doors. The lower owl carves the lotus for a week, and the upper owl and the upper Fang carve two layers of lotus with a single petal, with eight flowers on each layer. Each of the upper lotus petals is carved with a Buddha statue, all of which are sitting in meditation. The tower is .8 meters high, and there are two floors above and below the Buddhist shrine.
The upper niche is a pointed arch with seven niches in all directions. There is no niche in the north, and the inscription on the pagoda reads: "Give the abbot of the mountain a Buddha's light shines on the great Zen master, move to the Lingta at the age of 93, look at the sun in February of Dayuan to the 29th year of Dayuan, and be founded by the great Zen master who inherited the Buddha's heart and wonderful sense." In the south niche, a Buddha and two disciples are carved. The Buddha is sitting on the sumeru, and the two disciples stand on the lotus with their hands folded. Carve a lux in the southeast niche; Carve a heavenly king in the southwest niche; In the east niche is Manjusri Bodhisattva riding an elephant; In the west niche is the Bodhisattva Samantabhadra riding a lion, holding a wishful lotus; In the niches in the northeast and northwest, a bodhisattva holding a lotus flower stands on the lotus bed. The lower niches are semicircular arches, with sixteen * * *. Each niche is carved with a sitting Buddha, and the lower part of the niche is lined with peony and lotus flowers. Above the tower is the neck of the tower. .28 meters high. Carved with eight lion heads, a flower rope in the mouth and a ribbon around the neck. Above the neck of the tower, there are three layers of octagonal cover eaves, and the wing angles are tilted. The first layer of eaves is .3 meters high, and the eaves are engraved with cloud patterns. There are eight flying feet under the eaves, two of which are double heads. On the second floor, flowers are carved on the eaves, four pointed arch niches are carved on the tower wall under the eaves, and there is a Buddha in the north niche, which is like a statement; A Buddha in the south niche is like a demon; There is a Buddha in each of the east and west niches, all of which are meditation images. On the third floor, the eaves of the tower are carved with banana leaves of mountain flowers, and one niche is carved on each of the four fronts of the octagonal tower wall under the eaves, and there is a Buddha in each niche. Above the tower eaves is a tower brake. The brake seat is round, with lotus petals carved on it and a vase-shaped tower brake on it.
the tower has a beautiful shape, and it is generous. The carving technique is exquisite and exquisite, and the carving content is rich and colorful. It is a rare stone carving stupa in the Yuan Dynasty in the Central Plains and even the whole country.
stone pagoda of Buddha's heart and wonderful sense: located 5 meters east of the stone pagoda of Puzhao Great Zen Master. Pure stone structure, Lama Tower. The fifth floor, some components at the top of the tower have been damaged, and the existing height is 3.71 meters. The lower part is a tower foundation composed of double-layer sumeru seats. The lower layer of the tower foundation is octagonal sumeru. On each side of the Shang Fang, there is carved a supporting flying sky that does not show its feet, and the shape is either a cymbal or a blowing sheng. A pot door is carved on each side of the waist-girding part, in which geisha musicians are carved, each playing sheng, flute, flute, harp, cricket, waist drum and so on. There are four pot doors carved on each side of the waist of the upper sumeru, and a crouching lion is carved inside, revealing the front half. The lower owl carved the lotus for a week, the upper Fang and the upper owl carved a single lotus with two layers, each with eight petals, and each lotus petal on the upper layer carved a Buddha statue, all of which had a head light and sat on the lotus seat, showing a meditation image. The tower is drum-shaped and .9 meters high. Carve in three layers. The lower layer is carved with eight groups of peony flowers with different postures. There are eight shrines in the middle floor. There are one Buddha and two Bodhisattvas in the north niche, and the deity and the right-threatening Bodhisattva have been destroyed. Carve a Buddha and two disciples in the south niche; Carve a staggered warrior in the southeast niche; Carve a sword-holding warrior in the southwest niche; Manjusri Bodhisattva carved and riding an elephant in the East niche; Bodhisattva Bodhisattva carving and riding a lion in the west niche; Carve a lux in the northeast niche; A statue of Buddha is carved in the northwest niche. There are sixteen niches on the upper floor, with a height of .18 meters. One Buddha in each niche, sitting on a sumeru or square pedestal, holding something or a mord, or a scroll, or a clean bottle, or a stroke, or Manizu, etc. Some hold unicorns, and some buddhas have lions lying on them. Above the tower is the neck of the tower, which is .33 meters high and octagonal. Each corner is carved with a lion's head, with a flower rope in its mouth and a ribbon around its neck. There is only an octagonal tower eaves on the neck of the tower, and the wing angle is tilted, engraved with animal and flower patterns. The tower wall under the eaves is .25m high. All four fronts are carved with pointed arch niches, and each niche is carved with a Buddha. The brake is no longer there.
Tianqi Pagoda for the Elderly: It is located 2 meters away from the outer manchuria of the Temple. Pure brick structure. Sit west and east. It consists of three parts: tower foundation, tower body and tower brake. The plane is square, with seven levels and a height of 13.6 meters. It is commonly known as the "Feng Shui Tower", and it is actually the tower of the eminent monk Tianqi monk in Baiyun Temple during the Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty. Inscriptions are embedded in the front and back of the tower, with the inscription in the front saying, "The Monument to the Old Man's Wonder Tower", and the inscription in the back describes in detail the construction of this tower by the Han and Tibetan nationalities during the Hongzhi period in the Ming Dynasty.
(3) stele stone carvings
There are 21 existing steles in Baiyun Temple. Among them, the 5 Luohan tablet is a treasure among many inscriptions, and it was announced as the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Henan Province on June 2, 1963.
Five hundred arhats tablet: the full name is "Five hundred arhats tablet in Baimao Temple". Located at the lower left side of Baiyun Temple Gate. Established on September 19th, the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Northern Song Dynasty (18). The head, body and seat of the monument are well preserved. The monument is 3.62 meters high, 1.4 meters wide and .3 meters thick. Castanopsis lanceolata. The upper part of the yin and yang sides of the head of the monument is a pattern of two dragons playing with beads. The center of the positive face is a GUI shape, and the seal amount is "the monument of 5 arhats" in six Chinese characters. In the middle of the shady side is a GUI-shaped niche, in which a statue of Buddha is carved, and it sits on the lotus seat, showing a meditation image. There are words on both sides of the tablet. On the positive side, the first title is "Five hundred Luohan tablets in Baimao Temple, Bailushan, Weichou, Dadong County". The inscription is a running script, with 31 lines and 49 words, totaling 1519 words. For example, Dr. Zi Guanglu, Beijing's ambassador, was the official seal of Cao Yi, a proofreader and an ancient scholar (Cao Yi was the second son of Cao Bin, a teacher in Song Dynasty's proofreading), and the great monk Qingzhen wrote an article on Confucian classics in Right Street, Tokyo, and he talked about Confucian classics. The inscription details the evolution of Baiyun Temple, the establishment of 5 Luohan Hall, the casting process of 5 Luohan statues and the placement of statues in Luohan Hall. Inscribed on the tablet are inscriptions and a list of almsgivings.
The statue of Bodhisattva hidden in the white marble carving: commonly known as "Grandma Jade", is located in the Tibetan King Hall (commonly known as Grandma Hall) in the northwest corner of the temple. In the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), Wang Zhengchun, Renhe County, Zhejiang Province, paid homage. The elephant is 4.8 meters high. The whole body is a piece of exquisite white marble, which is lifelike and kind-hearted. It is called "Jade Grandma" and is regarded as the treasure of the town temple of Baiyun Temple.
(4) Eminent Monks and Celebrities
The abbots or eminent monks in Baiyun Temple are mainly Master Che, Master Yun Zhi, Master Zong Yuan Dade (Hong Gong), Master Nie Tingyu, Master Zhi Zhao Tong Wu (Hui Gong), Master Fu Guang Pu Zhao, Master Fu Miao Jue, Master Bao Feng and Master Jue Tian Qi. Among them, Tianqi monk is particularly famous.
monk Tianqi is a native of Nanchang city, Jiangxi province. His father's surname is Jiang and his mother is Xu. On the 2th anniversary of the ceremony, a monk without Yueneng in Jingmen shaved his head and became a monk. Later, he met Buddhist monk Baofeng, paid him a cassock and took charge of Linggu Temple, a famous temple in Jinling. He lived in Baiyun Temple in his later years. Tianqi monks have a deep understanding of Buddhism, and they have quotations from the world. At that time, the Buddhist community enjoyed high prestige and had deep friendship with the eminent monks in Sokokuji, Jinling Qingliang Temple, Linggu Temple and Tibet. After the death of Tianqi monk in the eleventh year of Hongzhi (1498), eminent monks from all over the world gathered in Baiyun Temple to attend his funeral. Tibetan Sangan Dan Guanghui Jingjue Buddhist Master also personally led the crowd to participate in the tower construction. Monks of the Han and Tibetan nationalities built towers together, which not only reflects the long history of unity and friendship between the Han and Tibetan nationalities, but also shows that the exchange of Buddhist culture between Han and Tibetan reached its peak in the early Qing Dynasty, and also shows the prominent position of Baiyun Temple in the spread of Buddhist culture.
Yuan Haowen (119 ~ 1257), a writer at the end of Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, fled the chaos in Henan after the collapse of the Jin regime and lived in seclusion in the mountains of northwest Huixian for more than ten years. During his stay in Baiyun Temple, he became close friends with Hui Gong, the great Zen master who was quietly illuminated and enlightened, and Zhang Gonglv, the official minister. After the death of Master Hui Gong, he worked with other monks to build a stupa for the master and wrote the inscription himself. Li Zhi (15), a famous scholar and thinker in the Ming Dynasty, is known as the "Baiquan layman"