The article is titled with a poem by Chen Hui, a poet of the Ming Dynasty. It is concise and concise. It explains the main origin, maturity period and morphological characteristics of lychees in just 7 words; at the same time, it uses a casual The poetry of culture encompasses the entire text.
"Nanzhou June Lychee Pill" is a work by Jia Zuzhang, a famous popular science writer in my country. This article accurately and detailedly explains the fruit shape, fruit, storage and transportation of lychee, and the habits, origin, and A general introduction to the history of cultivation was given, and he was full of confidence in the future of litchi production in my country. "Nanzhou June Lychee Pill" has been selected into the Chinese language textbook of the standard experimental textbook of the general high school curriculum, the ninth Chinese language textbook of the junior high school Chinese version, and the compulsory course five of the Jiangsu Education Edition.
Basic content
This article accurately and comprehensively explains the fruit shape, fruit, storage and transportation of lychees, and provides a general introduction to the habits, origin, and cultivation history of lychees. , and is full of confidence in the future of lychee production in our country.
This article is divided into two parts. The first part (paragraphs 1 to 8) explains the shape and fruit of lychee in three levels.
The first level is the first paragraph, which uses the primary school student’s "Lychee Illustration" to question the teacher as an introduction, leading to the topic of "Lychee". When I was young, my childish mind only knew that "the shell and flesh of dried lychees are brown", which was different from the lychees described in the "Lychee Picture Preface" taught by the teacher. When I asked the teacher, the teacher could not explain it clearly. This beginning is both cordial and lively and in line with students' reading psychology. The verses from Bai Juyi's "Preface to the Picture of Lychees" are quoted exactly, which provides the basis for Bai Juyi's different views on lychees mentioned later.
The second level is paragraphs 2 to 4, which mainly describe the external shape of lychees (shell, color, fruit shape, size). The author disputes Bai Juyi's statement that "the shell is like a red silk basket" and believes that "the silk basket is made of silk fabric, and the silk fabric is smooth, but the lychee shell is rough." After explaining the color of the "ripe lychee", the author feels that it is not full and full. Comparing it with "Red Star" and "Coral Bead", the image is vivid and lifelike; the fruit shape of lychee can be heart-shaped, oval or round, and is introduced in an orderly manner from the pedicle to the top and both sides; Speaking of the size of lychees, the author uses the method of tabulating data to introduce the size and weight of lychees, which is authentic and credible.
The third level is paragraphs 5 to 8, which mainly describe the fruits of lychee (membrane, flesh, core, and flowers). The author further objects to Bai Juyi's statement that "the membrane is like purple silk", believing that Bai Juyi "mistook the pattern on the inner wall of the shell for the pattern of the membrane" and should be "a white membrane close to the inner wall of the shell"; to Bai Juyi's "flesh" Another objection was made to the statement that the flesh is as white as ice and snow. It is believed that the "flesh" is not actually meat, but the "ariril" with "membrane" development. "The real pulp is the one that is thrown away together with the shell as mentioned earlier." "layer film"; then, the author gave a detailed explanation of the shape, color and type of lychee kernels (seeds) in concise language. Litchi flowers are not lychee fruits in terms of content, but the flowers and fruits are inseparable. Only flowers can have fruits, so I will introduce them together. Its main characteristics are that there are many lychee flowers and a long flowering period. In this layer, paragraph 8 also introduces the storage and transportation of lychees. Obviously, storage and transportation do not belong to the category of fruits, but storage and transportation are mainly to maintain the deliciousness of lychee meat, which is closely related to the fruit, so it is placed in " Meat" will be introduced later.
This part mainly introduces the lychee fruit, using the order of explanation from outside to inside (from outside to inside).
The second part (paragraphs 9 to 12) mainly introduces the relevant situation of lychee production.
Paragraph 9 describes the origin and distribution of lychees. It uses "There are wild lychee forests in Hainan Island and Lianjiang" to prove that lychees are native to my country; it uses the words that the King of Nanyue paid tribute to lychees to Han Gaozu to prove that lychees are cultivated in our country. It has a history of at least two thousand years. Paragraph 10 uses the 13 ancient books that are now known about lychees, especially the "Cai Pu", to more effectively illustrate that the origin of lychees is in my country. In paragraph 11, to explain the habit of lychee "loving warmth", "Chengdu and Fujian are the northern limits of its growth", the author lists the stories that happened between the Gu family and lychee in the poems of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Huizong of the Song Dynasty and Wen Zhengming to illustrate the story of the lychee. I love lychees and want to move them north, but they have not succeeded. With the words "Now that science is advanced, it may not be completely impossible to move lychees north in the future" to encourage our scientific workers to study hard, break through difficulties, and create scientific research New miracle. Paragraph 12 quotes Su Shi's poem. The ancient poem is used today, but its meaning is today. In ancient times, only people like Yang Guifei could enjoy lychees. Today, we develop lychee production to benefit the working people.
From the full text, the explanation order of the first part and the second part is from primary to secondary.
About the author
Jia Zuzhang is a famous popular science writer in my country. 1901~1988, born in Haining, Zhejiang. As early as the 1930s, he wrote monographs such as "Illustrated Book of Chinese Plants". In 1931, the Commercial Press published his "Introduction to Birds", which is the earliest modern ornithological work in my country. He created a large number of popular science works. Before liberation, he published "Birds and Literature", "Animal Stories", "Sketch of Life", etc., and after liberation, he published "Biological Brocade". Most of Jia Zuzhang's popular science works take colorful creatures as writing objects, integrating rich scientific knowledge, historical knowledge and literary knowledge, and have high ideological, scientific and artistic qualities.