Modern people generally believe that this is a poem about a married woman going back to her parents' home to visit her parents. "Preface to Mao Poetry" says:
That's not true. Because of the eighteen sentences in the three chapters of Ge Tan, only three poems in the first chapter and three poems in the last chapter have nothing to do with "case", and all kinds of scholars' explanations basically rely on these three sentences in the last chapter. I would like to ask, how can such an interpretation hit the nail on the head and fully explain the theme of poetry?
Therefore, the author thinks that the real meaning of this poem is actually chanting the scenery-Ge. On this basis, we can only partially cut into the image of working women closely related to "Ge" and finally point to "loving mother". The following will prove the rationality of this view from the poetry text itself.
The first chapter of "Ge Tan" has two sections of * * * six sentences, each of which is a section. The original text is as follows:
Among them, the writing object of the first section is the vine "kudzu vine". The "Pueraria lobata" we are familiar with now is the tuber of "Pueraria lobata". Pueraria lobata is an important plant in ancient China, which was mainly used to make Pueraria lobata and finally cut into clothes. The Chinese words "Jinge" and "Geyi" derived from this function are the best proof.
In these three sentences, "Qin" means spread, "stone" means extension, and "lush" means lush. In other words, these three poems are actually written about the valley covered with kudzu vine and lush mountains and plains in Ge Ye.
Judging from this poetic picture, there is no one at all. Even if the poet is implied, it is independent of poetry. If you have to join an audience from the perspective of visual experience, it can only be a broad figure, and it can be anyone.
The writing object of the second section is "yellow bird", which may be an oriole or a yellowbird, which is generally recognized. Here, the mode of lush vegetation in the previous poems is followed, and it is transferred to the description of the scene of fauna, which means "gathering" and "hehe". In other words, the yellow birds are dancing and gathering in the bushes to sing.
Judging from the picture of this poem, the protagonist is a group of yellow birds, and no specific characters appear. However, the lively scene of birds gathering and singing contrasts with the picture of Ge Ye's "prosperity" in the previous section, which is a grand view. In this way, poetry will convey a pleasant psychological feeling to readers.
Since then, two natural scrolls full of vitality and vigor have merged into one. In the painting, there are kudzu grass in the valley, vines are densely intertwined, and Ge Ye is layered, full of green; In a corner of the painting, there are bushes and yellowbirds dancing and singing together. In contrast, the static kudzu vine is also infected with the dynamic aesthetic feeling, and the image of kudzu vine is more and more vivid in the middle of the movement.
So the writing core of this chapter should be kudzu vine. If the author just wants to use Ge as a metaphor (say something else to arouse what is sung first), there is absolutely no need to go to so much trouble. Moreover, the "yellow bird" here does not conform to the characteristics of "what is singing". And the next chapter continues to write "Ge's" weaving clothes ",which is a good proof.
The second chapter of Ge Tan, like the first chapter, consists of six sentences and two sections, each of which is a section. The original text is as follows:
Among them, the first three sentences are the same as the first three sentences in chapter 1, except that the word "grow up" in the third sentence is replaced by "Mo Mo", and the two words have the same meaning. Momo is also a dense meaning, describing the scene of weeds. This is a common repetition in The Book of Songs.
The last three sentences simply describe the process of making clothes with kudzu grass: cutting grass is harvesting and boiling, and harvesting kudzu grass and boiling kudzu grass is one of the processes of making clothes; Use fine gingerbread and coarse gingerbread. The complicated cloth making process is omitted here, and the finished product "kudzu vine cloth" is blunt and concise. The last sentence, put on your clothes, don't bother. The whole sentence directly turned into love for "Ge Yi".
Therefore, although this section is only short 12, it covers the production process from pueraria lobata to pueraria lobata and then to pueraria lobata. It involves complicated production techniques and the hard work of digital producers. But the last sentence is not bitter, but shows the joy and satisfaction of harvest. Therefore, its focus is not on people, not on showing the hardships of working people, but on praising kudzu vine grass.
To sum up, the second chapter of Ge Tan mainly focuses on the working process of changing kudzu grass into kudzu clothes, and the core of writing is still "kudzu vine". Therefore, saying that Ge Tan is a poem about scenery is in line with the specific content of this poem.
However, it is different from the poems about objects in the general sense. Because, in the era of the creation of the Book of Songs, the concept of object-chanting poetry has not yet taken shape, and naturally there will be no common poetic style of object-chanting poetry today.
The first two chapters of Ge Tan focus on "Ge", and only the third chapter directly writes "Man". The contact point between this chapter and the previous two chapters is "Huan Yi", and there are three corresponding poems. In other words, there are only three poems in this chapter that have nothing to do with "ge", but many thematic interpretations have focused on these three sentences throughout the ages, and this operation is open to question. The specific original text is as follows:
In many interpretations of the theme of Ge Tan, the focus of debate often focuses on the identity of "giving" and the meaning of "mothering", and finally points to the identity of the hero of the poem. On this issue, some people think it is about empresses, some people think it is about aristocratic women, some people think it is about female slaves, and some people think it is about civilians. Specifically, it is divided into four categories: returning to her mother's house after marriage, waiting for marriage before marriage, and returning to China after training.
The fundamental reason is the different interpretations of "learning from the world" and "saving relatives". Among them, "Shi Shi" is interpreted as a female teacher, nanny, housewife and so on. According to the social stratum of the Zhou Dynasty, female teachers and nannies are naturally upper-class women, housewives correspond to female slaves, and the costumes of female slaves also conform to the character setting. There are two main meanings of "mothering". One is that married women go home to visit their parents, and the other is that women get married to protect their parents. In essence, it is a question of whether "motherhood" is understood as one word or two words.
Actually, the problem is not that troublesome at all. As far as "mothering" is concerned, the word "homecoming" in the second sentence of this chapter has been clearly explained, which means going home, to my parents' home. Then, "Ning" means to make peace and peace of mind, which is also in line with the characteristics of monosyllabic words in ancient Chinese. Therefore, the "teacher" is a teacher who teaches women to "spin, weave, make clothes and wash clothes", especially around the work process of Ge, such as picking Ge, treating Ge, making hemp, weaving, making clothes and washing clothes.
In view of the social situation of "men plowing and women weaving" in ancient times, "Shi Shi" must be a woman with superb skills and the protagonist is also a woman. However, most of them are unmarried women because they "belong" to their parents' home. As for many scholars' assertion that "non-aristocratic families can't afford female teachers", it is even more absurd. Because what this "teacher family" teaches is actually the necessary skills for women's work such as spinning, weaving, making clothes and washing clothes. If these skills are not passed down from ordinary people, who will pass them on?
Nowadays, in many folk villages, the study and inheritance of women's skills such as spinning, weaving, making clothes and washing clothes are still preserved, which is a good evidence. Generally speaking, the inheritance of folk handicraft skills is "learned from disciples" by "skilled" predecessors. In ancient times, women dominated the family handicraft industry, and the inheritance of their skills was naturally completed by women.
"Huan Yi" in poetry can also prove this point, especially "Do harm to Huan?" . In this sentence, "harm" is the same as "he". The whole sentence refers to the handmade "Ge Yi", which should be washed and which should not be washed, and the protagonist needs to learn clearly. In the sentence "Dirt my private affairs and wash my clothes", "thin" is the auxiliary word at the beginning of the sentence. "Dirt" is usually interpreted as "decontamination", but there is no clear evidence since ancient times, except that there is a saying that gray water or alkaline water was used in laundry in ancient times. So, this sentence is obviously learning how to wash clothes.
In a word, the third chapter of Ge Tan is actually about the process of unmarried women learning "washing clothes". After learning "Huan Yi", I have mastered all the skills about "clothes", so I can naturally "go back to my parents" and reassure my elders at home.
Linking this chapter with the first two chapters, a sketch of Ge, a picture of managing Ge and a picture of washing clothes run through the whole poem, and the image of the protagonist is fully exposed. It can be seen that a woman to be married has learned the methods and skills of harvesting, curing kudzu, hemp, weaving, making clothes and washing around "kudzu". Finally I learned a little success and went home happily.
To sum up, the author thinks that the theme of the poem Ge Tan is to blend into the scene of women's study and labor on the basis of reciting "Ge", so as to show the virtues of women's diligence and thrift, respecting teachers and respecting their parents, showing the simple joy of ordinary workers in their daily working life, and conveying the life experience and sentiment of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
This article only represents personal views, welcome to write and exchange!
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