Speaking of celebrities like Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei, I think we all recite some of their poems. However, in the long history of thousands of years, too many poets left their own poems. These people have lost their fame and wealth in Sun Shan, and they are keen to defend their country. Their identity also involves various industries, including officials, businessmen and farmers.
In the Qing Dynasty, a beggar even wrote a famous poem "Desperate Poetry", which was once widely circulated. What happened?
Unknown beggar
During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty has gradually stepped out of the prosperous period of Kangxi, and the seven trips to Jiangnan have exhausted the state treasury. At this time, the work of Emperor Jiaqing, who succeeded to the throne, was to find ways to increase the revenue of the state treasury. But at this time, the emperor and ministers in high positions didn't know that there was a different beggar on the outskirts of Shuntianfu, Beijing.
In ancient China, beggars were mostly people at the bottom of society. Because of natural and man-made disasters, droughts and floods, or because of physical defects, they can't survive, so they choose to beg for a living.
However, this beggar is different. When other beggars are begging for property, the beggar has no interest in money and shows an attitude of treating money like dirt. He only begged for food or clothes. Such a unique beggar is also famous in the local area. Everyone knows that there is such a special beggar who asks for nothing in return.
This autumn is particularly cold, so people take out their prepared warm clothes early. In ancient times, cotton-padded clothes were still a very expensive means of subsistence. Ordinary people could barely mend a cotton-padded coat for themselves, and a cotton-padded coat was likely to be refurbished ten times, so unless they were rich, ordinary people did not have the spare capacity to give beggars cotton-padded clothes.
So for beggars, cold weather is often the hardest. Many people are often fine the day before, and become cold bodies overnight.
Beggars die physically.
This beggar obviously became one of many beggars who froze to death. As night fell, the cold wind and cold air gradually eroded the nameless beggar. Woke up the next day, the nameless beggar with stiff limbs was lying in a dry ditch, and there was no life.
A few days later, the nameless beggar who lost interest was finally found by an old beggar in the same trade. Looking at the dead nameless beggar, the old beggar sighed, as if sighing. Is this the sorrow of these beggars? ? Indeed, none of them knows whether they will see the sun tomorrow.
Although he is only a beggar, his life is a problem worthy of attention, and most of these beggars are alone, so it is necessary for the government to find a place for them to be buried, otherwise no one will take care of them, and plague will easily occur when the bodies decompose.
So the old beggar finally told the local government the news.
After listening to the beggar's report, local officials quickly sent relevant personnel to deal with it. For these officials, beggars are accustomed to freezing to death, so it is not difficult to deal with them.
The officials assigned to handle this matter are also familiar with it, and they are also very skilled in handling this kind of thing. After checking the beggar's body to make sure it was frozen to death, I also checked the relics in the beggar's clothes to see if there were any relics left.
Handed down from ancient times
However, this search found an article handed down from ancient times.
It turned out that in the beggar's arms, officials found a piece of paper, on which Gong Gong wrote a poem, and the officials were surprised to see it. This poem is called "Desperate Poetry", and it says:
My life experience is as muddy as a seagull on the water. I crossed Zhou Nan with a bamboo pole.
In the evening, the rice bag is full of waning moon, and the song board breeze sings Xiaoqiu.
Kick your feet off the earth, and shoulder all the worries of the past and the present.
If you don't eat now, why does the yellow dog bark endlessly?
Such a brilliant poem, which seems to have seen all the ups and downs in the world, was written by a beggar who died in front of him, which surprised countless people because they could not connect this masterpiece with the dirty beggar in front of them.
However, such neat handwriting shows that the beggar is at least a scholar. No matter what dynasty, literati always have certain status advantages, and literati, agriculture and industry and commerce always walk in the forefront.
However, the scholar finally became a beggar, which undoubtedly puzzled the relevant case handlers. I want to know why the scholar who can make such excellent poems will eventually fall here.
So the investigators took this masterpiece to see the local state officials. After he handed this poem to the state official, the state official who was born in Juren was also surprised to see this masterpiece, and hurriedly asked who made such a masterpiece. When he learned that it was actually left by a beggar who froze to death, the state official also expressed disbelief.
As the saying goes, there is no first in literature and no second in martial arts. Scholars often admire other people's works but don't admit defeat, but sometimes they also appreciate each other. Such a talented beggar undoubtedly made the state official from Juren feel sorry for him.
It is a serious mistake for state officials to learn that such talents have been reduced to beggars, and finally their talents have not been put to good use and they have been frozen to death. As local parents, such talents have not been discovered.
Therefore, in order to make up for his mistakes, the state official made this poem public so that local scholars and talents could have a good look, and at the same time, it was also to avoid such a famous poem handed down from ancient times being forgotten and lost.
Of course, in order to make up for his guilt, the state official also built a tomb for this unknown beggar and personally wrote an inscription for him. But because the beggar's origin is unknown and no one knows his name, people call him? Tongzhou poetry beggar? .
Poetic connotation
Let's look at this beggar's poem, which is very literary. For example, in the first half of his poem, he compared himself to a seagull on the water and borrowed Du Fu's? But sandpipers in the vast world! ? Allusions, his lonely life experience, and then look at later generations? Bamboo stick? Used Su Shi's? Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A misty rain in my life? Allusions, their open-mindedness also showed up at once.
In the evening, the rice bag is full of waning moon, and the song board breeze sings Xiaoqiu. ? Such a poem expresses the poet's optimism despite begging; And after that? Kick your feet over the dusty world and shoulder all the troubles of ancient and modern times? Poetry shows the wind of the atmosphere, kicking over the world, shouldering the worries of ancient and modern times, and a noble and noble atmosphere is also vividly portrayed.
And finally? If you don't eat now, why does the yellow dog bark endlessly? , is a beggar's summary of his life experience. Maybe he used to be a man of status, but he was constantly restricted by life every day and finally decided to learn from Tao Yuanming? Don't bend over for five dou meters? Resolutely leave, even a beggar, will not regret it.
This poem borrows many allusions, but it can be skillfully applied to itself, without being abrupt, and depicts its optimistic and open-minded image incisively and vividly.
Perhaps it is because of the open-mindedness of the unknown beggar and his imaginative past that this "desperate poem" finally spread widely.