I. Original text
Du Mu's Breaking the Custom
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking Qin Zhun near the restaurant. Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.
Second, translation.
Under the blurred moonlight, the light smoke cage is filled with cold water and white sand. At night, the ship anchored in the restaurant near the edge of Qin Zhun. The singer seems to know nothing about the hatred of national subjugation, but still sings "Flowers in the Garden of Yushu" across the river.
Third, appreciate
The first couplet, write the scenery first, smoke, water, moon and sand; Cold, as Shui Han, means cold. Cage, the atmosphere is mysterious and accurate. Write down the time and place and ask questions. The syntax of the first sentence is very common in Tang poetry, and it is also a famous sentence. For details, see Wang Changling's "The Embankment".
Tail couplet, then write human harmony, business women don't know, those who don't know don't blame, the poet is still generous to business women, but he is still angry when he hears the voice of national subjugation.
Fourth, fine release.
The first sentence can be understood as intertextuality or not; The first sentence can be said to be ahead of time, and it will stop after Qinhuai at night. It can also be said that Qinhuai will stay at night when the smoke cage is cold and sandy. These are all reasonable. The relationship between smoke and cold water, water and Qinhuai, moon and sand and night, sand and berth is clear, and the rest are personal interpretations, such as the relationship between restaurants and business women across the river.
Cold water will produce smoke. In summer, I saw with my own eyes the white smoke rising like white clouds on the river below the dams of Wencheng Shanxi, Jiande Xin 'anjiang and Qingtian Tankeng Reservoir. In autumn, I also saw white smoke floating rapidly on Lake Cuosherenma on the east slope of Mount Everest. That's great.
Businessman, controversial. See comments for Chen Yinque's interpretation. Shi Zhecun's "Hundred Poems of Tang Poetry" thinks: (Chen Yinque) This explanation seems to be "incredible". Why does this businesswoman have to come from Yangzhou? Just because Bai Juyi's poem says "I am a little girl in Yangzhou and married a big merchant in Xijiang" ("Salt Merchant Girl"), Liu Yuxi's poem also says that "Yangzhou merchant girl came to occupy the bright moon in Xijiang" ("Night News of Merchant Boat Zheng").
So the author decided that the merchant girl Du Mu heard singing on the boat must be the Yangzhou girl who married the Qinhuai merchant ship. This kind of logical thinking is already very strange. Besides, Du Mu's poems didn't say that the businesswoman sang on the boat. How did the author know he was on the Qinhuai merchant ship? Since it is said that there are businesswomen singing on Qinhuai merchants' boats, why can Du Mu hear them across the Yangtze River? This explanation is obviously inconsistent.
This poem is meaningless if it is said by Chen Yinque. At least according to the vague and general understanding of ordinary readers, we can grasp the meaning of this poem. What's the point? Wu Changqi said, "It's like a ridiculous song."