When the east wind comes, the eyes are full of spring, and the willows in Huacheng are secretly worried about killing people.
In the deep hall of the complex palace, the bamboo wind blows, and the new green dance is as pure as water.
The light and wind spread for more than a hundred miles, and the warm mist drove the clouds to the sky and the earth.
The palace prostitutes in military uniforms sweep moths lightly, waving banners and holding the city warm.
The fragrance of the meandering water never returns, and the pear blossoms have fallen into an autumn garden.
In the third year of Yuanhe (808), the third year of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty (808), 19-year-old Li He came to Luoyang from his hometown Changgu to take the imperial examination. This group of "Henan Prefectural Examination December Musical Poems with Leap Month" is It was an exam-ready work at that time. The original poems are titled according to the twelve months of the year, plus leap months, making there are thirteen poems. Each poem chants objects and describes scenery according to different seasons and months. In addition to singing about natural scenery, the poems also talk about things in the palace, so Fang Funan said that this group of poems "all talk about the palace, just like the ancient "Music in the Fang"" ("Annotation of Li Changji's Poems"). The third poem is selected here, which is a poem praising the spring in March. Judging from the situation described in the poem, the poet is based in Chang'an, the capital city.
"When the east wind comes, the eyes are full of spring, and the willows in Huacheng are worried about killing people." East wind has long been a synonym for spring breeze in ancient times. "Book of Rites·Yue Ling" says that in the month of Meng Chun, "the east wind thaws, and the stinging insects begin." Vibration". The spring breeze blows, and everything revives, full of vitality. The Dali poet Han Hong once described the scene of late spring in Chang'an as "Flowers are flying everywhere in the spring city, and the east wind and the willow trees are leaning against the cold food" ("Han Shi"). Here, Li He uses more concise language, first describing his overall impression of spring with "eyes full of spring", and then using "Flower City with Willow Darkness" which contains rich imagery to express the clusters of flowers, countless green and red, The willow shades are like canopies and catkins are flying in the brilliant spring scenery. The three words "worry about killing people" use an implicit way to praise the wonderful spring scenery, but it also implies the emotions of being angry about spring, resenting spring and cherishing spring. In the previous poem "February", there is the line "Hu Yan is working hard and complaining about the spring". In early spring, in February, there is already a sense of resentment towards spring, not to mention the stronger and more vigorous spring in March? Of course, the purpose of being annoyed and resentful of spring is still to cherish spring. This prepares the ground for further description of scenes and emotions below. The first two sentences are about the spring scenery of Chang'an, the "City of Spring". The next two sentences are transliterated into the palace:
"The deep palace is restored, the bamboo wind blows, and the new green dances are as pure as water." "The restored palace is deep, "Palace" describes the imperial palace with numerous palaces like clouds. It gives people a sense of majesty but also a sense of oppression. However, the poet used the three words "bamboo wind rises" to gently turn people around, which inevitably makes people feel surprised and relieved. In the "bamboo wind", there may be a pleasant rustling sound, or there may be a refreshing fragrance. Among the deep palaces of this complex palace, nothing can best embody the beauty of spring than bamboo. "The new green grass is as pure as water", the poem uses personification to blend the swaying beauty of Hsinchu with the dancing posture of the girl Gong'e, and the image is vague and ambiguous. It is no wonder that Liu Chenweng in the Song Dynasty thought it was about bamboo, while Wang Qi in the Qing Dynasty thought it was about Gong'e. Bamboo is originally evergreen all year round, but after all, there are differences between the green bamboo that passes through winter and spring, and the young bamboo that sprouts new shoots. The graceful green of the "new green" is indeed similar to the dancing posture of the girl Gong'e. The three words "pure as water" connect them even more closely, making it difficult for you to distinguish them. All this not only makes people feel pure, elegant and refined, but also gives people a sense of vitality and spring. Next, we turn to expand our horizons:
"The light and wind turn to the sky for more than a hundred miles, and the warm mist drives the clouds to the sky and the earth." Hui is more popular than orchid. "Han Wang Yi notes: "Guangfeng refers to the wind when the sun rises, and the grass and trees turn and shake." Also: "The sky is bright, the breeze is strong, and the grass and trees are shaken. All make it light, enrich the orchids, and make them fragrant and smooth. "The word "more than a hundred miles" refers to its wide range. If Du Mu said that Afang Palace "overwhelms more than three hundred miles" ("Afang Palace"). "Fu"), it seems to refer to the imperial palace, but Li He probably refers to the entire Spring City of Chang'an. Therefore, the next sentence further prophecies: "The warm mist drives the clouds to the sky and the earth." "Warm mist" refers to the warm spring scenery, and its connotations are extremely rich. Readers can add as much as they can imagine. This harmonious spring light has the power to drive away dark clouds and cover the sky and the earth. It can cage all things, and it can also make people ecstasy
Warm. "Military palace prostitute: refers to a palace maid in military uniform, sweep moth: that is thrush. Jiacheng: The ruins are in present-day Xi'an. This was a passage specially designed for the emperor to travel. According to "Yong Lu" records: "In the twelfth year of Kaiyuan (732), Jiacheng was built to connect to Furong Garden. From Daming Palace to Cheluocheng, the road resumes from Tonghua Gate, then Chunming Gate and Yanxi Gate, and then reaches Furong Garden in Qujiang. Garden, but outsiders don’t know it.” The meaning of these two sentences is: The emperor went out for a spring outing through Jiacheng, and the accompanying maids swept their eyebrows and wore military uniforms; the flags along the way were swaying in the wind, and the crowds of people were noisy and joyful, just like the spring breeze. It also gives people a warm feeling. However, the poet suddenly changed his pen and wrote:
"The fragrance of Qushui will never return, and the pear blossoms will fall into the autumn garden." Qushui: That is, Qujiang, which is connected to Furong Garden and Jiacheng. It was a tourist attraction in Chang'an during the Tang Dynasty. In the spring of March, the Qujiang Pond should be a place where the spring spirit is strong and the spring scenery is charming. However, the poet has a premonition that spring is coming to an end, and the fragrance will never return, just like the pear blossoms have fallen away, and the pond has withered like the cold autumn.
Wang Qi of the Qing Dynasty said the above four sentences: "Yan Luanyu came to Qushui, and changed her clothes from a palace prostitute into a military uniform. The silk flags were waving in the city. When she left, there was endless noise. In the palace garden, all the pear blossoms fell. "The traces of lonely people, even when spring is in full swing, are like the scenery of late autumn." The poet's dramatic changes in emotion are the natural development of the feeling of cherishing spring, which is in the same line as the beginning of "The Flower City Willow Secretly Kills People". .
Yao Wenxie of the Qing Dynasty said: "At the end of the Zhen Yuan Dynasty, I liked to travel. This poem talks about the dark willows in the flower city, and everyone resents each other. They don't know the resentment of the spring palace, which is worse than that of the spring boudoir. The color of the bamboo in the complex palace is like After bathing, the dancing clothes shine brightly on each other. As soon as the Luan Yu comes out, the fragrance spreads for hundreds of miles. But the girls in the palace are not happy with the flowing water and the flowers are falling, and the scene is like autumn. "( "Changgu Collection") is a bit far-fetched. As an exam-oriented poem, the poet is just chanting objects and describing scenery, and also expresses a strong feeling of cherishing spring. Li He is a descendant of the royal family, but his family has declined and his life has been difficult. Such a talented young man has great ambitions and is depressed and unhappy. Therefore, the emotions of resenting and cherishing spring are expressed in the poem, which not only means lamenting the world in sadness, but also expresses self-sorrow. Time is wasted and youth is about to pass away. This is the inner reason for Li He's love for Xichun.
This poem is also quite unique in art. The imagery in the poem is dense and rich in implications, but it is not a haphazard collection, but a process of painstaking management. First of all, the poet skillfully combines the emotions of praising spring and resenting and cherishing spring, so that the two complement each other and have the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort. The deeper the feeling of resenting spring and cherishing spring, the stronger the spring scenery becomes; and the stronger the spring scenery becomes, the deeper the feeling of resenting spring and cherishing spring becomes stronger. This is the wonderful union of soul and nature. Secondly, when the poet describes the spring scenery of Chang'an, he uses his usual jumping technique. The camera is far away and the other is close, the objects are empty and high, and the other is detailed and appropriate. For example, the two sentences of "Eastern" first describe the overall impression, and the two sentences of "Return to the Palace" specifically describe the dancing postures of Hsinchu; the two sentences of "Scenery" also describe the empty scenery; the two sentences of "Military Uniform" also describe specifically the palace prostitutes and The shape of the city; the two sentences "Qushui" return to the embrace of nature again. In terms of time and space, it gives people a sense of loftiness and unpredictability. Coupled with the repeated rendering of the atmosphere in the poem and the different combinations of rich colors, the artistic conception of the poem is indeed a blend of scenes and seamlessly integrated, giving people an indelible impression.