"Nine chapters? grieved
Warring States period? Qu Yuan
The impure life of the emperor is not like the shock of the people.
The people are in poverty, and Fang Zhongchun moves eastward.
Go to your hometown and you will be far away. Follow Jiangxia to exile.
Go abroad and think about what to do.
Many people linger on, making progress day by day, but the beauty is far away.
Chaos said: Yu Man's eyes are looking at the stream, but when is the opposite?
Birds fly home, foxes die first.
Believe in my sin and abandon it. Why can't you forget it day and night?
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The phrase "birds fly to hometown, foxes die first" expresses the poet's unforgettable nostalgia for the motherland and hometown. After the birds fly out, they still know how to return to their hometown where they grew up and lived. The fox dies outside the hole, and its head will stay away from the hill where it lives; What's more, it is a sentient and righteous human being? Although the poet misses Ying capital day and night, he can't go back to the DPRK because of exile. It is so sad to watch the country fall step by step.
Huainanzi? Xun Lin said, "The birds flew home to avoid the ancient caves, and the fox died on the first mountain." In Nineteen Ancient Poems, there is also the expression "Humayi flies in the north wind and crosses the south branch of bird's nest", which is similar to the expression "Birds fly to their hometown and foxes will die in the first hill", indicating that people or animals never forget the nature of their hometown. Book of rites? "Good at Bowing" said: "There is an old saying that a fox dies on a hill." Original note: "Therefore, those who go to the hills are also the roots of solitary caves. Although I died in a mess, I still want to go to this mound. " Therefore, when a person dies in a foreign country and is transported and buried in his hometown, it is called "returning to the first hill".
Extended reading: Qu Yuan's literary achievements
Qu Yuan is a poet. Only from him did China have a writer with literature in the world. He founded the style of "Chu Ci" (also known as "Sao Style"), and was praised as "a poet in clothes, not a generation". According to Liu Xiang and Liu Xin's collation and Wang Yi's annotation, there are 25 works of Qu Yuan, namely Li Sao 1, Tian Wen 1, Jiu Ge1,Nine Chapters 9 and Travel Far. According to Sima Qian in Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records, there are 1 evocation. Some scholars believe that Zhao Da is also the work of Qu Yuan. However, some people suspect that the chapters behind Journey and some chapters in Nine Chapters were not written by Qu Yuan. According to Guo Moruo's textual research, there are 23 works of Qu Yuan that have been handed down. Among them, Nine Songs 1 1, Nine Chapters, Li Sao 1, Tian Wen 1, Evocation 1.
Generally speaking, Li Sao, Tian Wen and Jiu Ge can be regarded as the representatives of three types of Qu Yuan's works. Nine Chapters, Journey, Buju, Fisherman, Evocation of Soul, and Da Zhao can be classified as Li Sao in content and style, and most of them are well documented and meaningful, focusing on expressing the author's inner feelings. Li Sao is a magnificent poem created by Qu Yuan with his own ideals, experiences, pains, enthusiasm and even his whole life. It shines with bright personality and is the focus of all Qu Yuan's creations. Tian Wen is a poem written by Qu Yuan according to myths and legends, which embodies the author's academic attainments and views on history and nature. "Nine Songs" is Qu Yuan's music for offering sacrifices to the gods in Chu. It is full of life breath in the expression of characters' feelings and the description of environmental atmosphere. However, it is the expression of generations or gods, rather than the author's self-lyric, which shows more traces of the literary tradition of southern Chu. Li Sao and Nine Songs constitute the basic style of Qu Yuan's works.