There are many young people in China, eager to create their own works, and dismissive of the Zhou Dynasty, Qin and Han Dynasties and India. This is because they don't understand that this is the root and source of seal cutting, and it is an extremely rich, diverse and artistic treasure house. Learning to learn it will benefit you for life. This is very important:
(1) The characters used in the seal are social figures at that time, with large expression space and diverse artistic styles due to time, place, people and materials;
(2) The sculptor is very professional and profound, and he is good at casting, chiseling, cutting and carving.
(3) At that time, people who used seals had high aesthetic taste, which also promoted the development of printing art;
(4) The popularity of use is unprecedented, and the wide popularity determines the quality.
It is essential for us to study Zhou, Qin, Han and Wei. Today, I want to talk more closely about some understanding of school seals in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Five outstanding men who printed the altar in the late Ming Dynasty
With the discovery of Peng and the introduction of Qingtian stone lamp jelly into the printing altar as an opportunity, genre printing appeared in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Pyrophyllite, moist and easy to play with knives, makes all literati willing to join the army. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, an army of engraving books was formed with literati as the main body. At that time, most of the scribes, calligraphers and painters would manage printing, but they often disdained to pass it on through people who printed.
Peng is the originator of genre seals, and his methods are used for printing and border payment. It is the originator of inheriting the Han Dynasty and enlightening the Qing Dynasty (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Play crane and Wen Peng on the piano.
Minghe Town is a big disciple of Wen Peng. The difference between him and Wen Peng is that he is proficient in stones and can print with a knife. This is not a problem today, but it was an important breakthrough at that time. His carving method was absorbed by Ding Jing (Figure 2).
Figure 2 Laughing at Tan breath and spitting neon, why bother?
Su Mingxuan is also a student of Wen Peng, and his seal cutting style is gorgeous, especially his occasional attempt to use a sword, which is a development (Figure 3).
I think the ancients really got my heart, Su Xuan.
There are also great painters Zhu Jian and Wang Guan in the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Jian was the first Indian to print with ancient seals, and he achieved great success. Printing with seal script, using Zhao Qi Cao Guang method, and cutting into pieces with engraving method are all creative, which directly influenced the emergence of Zhejiang art (Figure 4).
Figure 4 focuses on repairing bamboo slips.
Wang Guanyin was the first elegant person among the Ming people. The white language was taken from the casting seal of the Han Dynasty, and the Zhu method was round and Zhu. Zhu Wen often uses "solder joints" at intersections to make the printed surface smooth and thick. This is his invention (Figure 5).
Fig.5 Wang Guan, who is reckless and careless.
Su Xuan, Zhu Jian and Wang Bi were five great masters who had great influence on later generations in Ming Dynasty.
The knife, the influence can be along to Cheng Xiang, Gao, Deng.
The influence of Zhu Jiandao can be traced back to the Zhejiang philosopher founded by Ding.
The style of Crown has influenced Lin Hao, Baweizu, Weng Danian and even Chen Julai in recent years.
It is true that this is sorted out from the big context.
Second, the master of printing altar in Qing Dynasty
Cheng Sui and Lin Hao were both successful Indian artists in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Lin Hao basically inherited Wang Guan's works, taking Seiko as the main body, and Cheng Ai chose Jinwen as Zhu Wen's seal script. Although the words are strange, the simple and vigorous knife is used, which is an achievement that the wise can't reach. However, neither of them has face-to-face influence.
Ding Jing is the pioneer of Xiling. It did not retain the Han and Indian artists, but took the essence of the Six Dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties and turned it into a seal script. Therefore, the palace is grand and has become a generation of weather. It is a characteristic, the body is still square, the knife is still cut, and the taste is still fresh (Figure 6).
Figure 6 Yuan Yin Kuangsu Dingjing
The development of art is always a breakthrough in the opposite direction. Deng's success lies in getting a glimpse of the style of Zhejiang knife-making, using round body, sharp knife and mellow fragrance, thus gaining a graceful charm and winning many followers. In the early days, Deng stayed in the Ming Dynasty, but in the middle period, relying on his own talent and understanding of Chinese and Indian characters, he became a new face with the book (Figure 7). In particular, it should be pointed out that its tone of round body, sharp knife and mellow taste provides a creative world beyond Zhejiang School for later scholars.
Figure 7? Home in Longshan Fengshui Deng
The most worthy of study are,,, Zhao,, Wu Changshuo and.
Deng's disciple. Although his patterns are slightly inferior to Deng's, his development and perfection in techniques are enough for future generations to learn from. Wu Peiyin is both sincere and clever. He once said "honesty is the foundation", which was only aimed at Zhao's seal. Wu's housekeeping skill is to use a knife, as if nothing had happened, lifting weights lightly, and the knife is shallow and delicious, which is its beauty (Figure 8).
Figure 8 Wu Xizai India Wu Xizai
Song Qian was listed as the last of the eight schools in Xiling by a busybody, and his achievements should not be attributed only to the Zhejiang school. Money is easy to print and easy to swim. He cuts it with a knife, which is very mellow and unique, unprecedented (Figure 9).
Figure 9. Ride a horse, kill a thief, and write a book under the curtain, Song Qian.
Zhao is the most talented person in the Qing Dynasty. Deliberately seeking novelty, changing the ancient into the new and skillfully matching seal script are its outstanding points. So he only managed to seal 400 squares in his life, but some of his styles inspired future generations. In a sense, without Zhao, there would be no printing style with Qi Baishi (Figure 10).
Figure 10 Life is like a stone, beautiful and happy, Zhao.
Wu Changshuo is a master printer, but his printing was not good before he was 30 years old, and he was located in a secluded village. Travel to other places, make friends with writers and dabble in antiques, and you will be even more powerful and can run wild in Zhejiang and Anhui. It is one of its characteristics to break through the barriers of former sages and print with calligraphy and painting and tile painting. It is another feature to return to the original through careful carving and confuse it with rough clothes. He is a pioneer of freehand brushwork in China printing industry. I think his beauty lies in that the printing was completed at the beginning, and the surface of the seal was repaired, so that the flat printing was completed and a double space similar to the bas-relief was developed (figure 1 1).
Figure 1 1 Anji Wu Wu Changshuo
Beginners of Zhejiang School, after Deng and Wu, were inspired by Zhao's printing style, learning from it, and created a new situation in Zhishan. Huang Shiling's seal is almost flat, but the internal principle is vivid; The spirit inside the outer board makes it more humorous. In addition, he also made some breakthroughs in using knives, such as his external knife method and Zhu's internal knife method, which enriched the expressive force of lines (Figure 12).
Figure 12 Sima Shao Shi Ling
Three turns of life are using a knife.
This proposition seems a bit too big. The beauty of seal cutting is based on techniques, and we should talk about the beauty of seal cutting, the beauty of composition and the beauty of knife cutting. The first two are related to calligraphy, but the beauty of the knife is untouchable in calligraphy, which is the key to the transformation of seal script into seal cutting, so it may be called the life of the knife seal cutting. Strictly speaking, a print that is not familiar with the knife method and has no rich expression of the knife method cannot be called a good work. Everyone's success is enough to prove this.
Knives can be divided into two categories: punching and cutting, long cutting and short cutting, and punching can be divided into punching, piercing and cutting.
The seals of the Ming and Qing schools are all based on knives. The most outstanding ones are Wu Xizai of Huizhou School and Song Qian of Zhejiang School.
Wu Xizai's knife, like a pen in his hand, is meaningful.
Song Qian eats silkworms with a knife like a worm, which inadvertently endows his lines with rich antique taste. In other words, in the masterpieces of these two companies, the straight knife and the cross road are wonderful and the lines are readable. The single line itself highly shows the independent artistry of knife cutting.
Zhao is a master, not everyone. However, if Wu Xizai (Figure 13) is compared with Zhao (Figure 14), Zhao is elegant and smart in writing, while Wu is elegant and smart in knife (Figure15); Compared with Song Qian and Zhao Cixian, Zhao Zhi's Dao deliberately focuses on the glyph, while Qian Zhi's Dao focuses on the inner core (Figure 16). Therefore, the two measures are not enough to compete with Wu and Qian. Comparatively speaking, the modest and idle knife is dull and thin.
It is true that seal cutting is something that everyone should do, and it should be done through various techniques. This is only based on the advantages and disadvantages of the knife method, and it cannot be generalized.
Four "black and white" is the key to the success of the composition.
Regardless of Zhu's seal, we should pay attention to the matching seal, but we should also pay attention to the space created by lines, both of which are indispensable. Beginners pay more attention to matching seal characters and ignore blank spaces, which is a common problem. "White is black" in seal cutting is not the superficial contrast of Bai Mo. In contrast, when black is contained in white and white is contained in black, it is a three-dimensional and deep multi-level expression, which can be called "counting black with white".
Deng Zeng carved the word "The river is full of sound, and thousands of feet burst its banks", which is a masterpiece of reversing black and white. We might as well change the rules and regulations of this seal a few times, and the results are all snake feet, which will never be comparable to Deng's excellent structure (Figure 17).
Yuanyin
Change printing
Figure XVII
On the contrary, even everyone makes occasional mistakes in discipline. For example, I once wrote Above the Father (Figure 18). At the end of Yu and Father, the author threw them in the same direction, which is not appropriate, and it would be better if it was slightly modified. And Deng's Loyalty and Righteousness to the World (Figure 19), with a composition arrangement, is also lost, with "the world" rising and "loyalty and righteousness" declining. With a slight offset, it's done. Smart people worry a lot, and it is normal to make small mistakes occasionally, which will not affect their achievements and fame.