Author: Du Fu
one
Go to my hometown, go to Jiaohe.
The government has a deadline, and the desperate baby is in trouble.
Your soil is already very rich, and there is still much to be explored.
Abandon the kindness of parents, submit to humiliation and do your duty.
Secondly,
I have been away from home for a long time, and I am not bullied by my disciples.
Whether it is broken or not, people are dying all the time.
Take off the reins and the hair in your hand.
Down from Wan Ren Mountain, I bent down to try on the flag.
third
Sharpen the knife and whimper the water, and the red blade of the water hurts the hand.
I want to be heartbroken, and I have been in a mess for a long time.
There is nothing to be angry about when a husband swears to the country!
Fame is like a unicorn, and its bones will rot quickly.
Fourth.
Sending an apprentice is long and far.
Life and death move forward, effortless and not angry.
When you meet an acquaintance, you will attach a book to your six relatives.
Alas, the two will never be the same again.
Fifth.
All the way to Wan Li, took me to the three armed forces.
In the army, the Lord would rather hear all the joys and sorrows.
I saw Hu riding across the river, and suddenly more than 100 people were in groups of three or five.
I started as a slave. When did I make meritorious service?
Sixth.
The bow should be the hardest, and the archer should shoot the longest.
Shooters should shoot horses, and leaders should catch their leaders.
There is a limit to killing people, and all countries have national boundaries.
If you can invade the mausoleum, you will kill more!
Seventh.
Driving horses in rain and snow, the army entered the mountains.
A dangerous path carries a cold stone, which means falling between the ice layers.
I went to John. When will a city be built?
At dusk, the clouds swim south, unattainable.
Eighth.
If you are alone with me, you will get dizzy.
Men's swords are four or five strokes, and the other army is coming to me.
Capture its name, Wang Gui, and tie its neck to grant Yuanmen.
What's the point of winning by diving into the ranks?
Qijiu
I have been in the army for more than ten years, and I can work without grievances.
Everyone is expensive and wants to be ashamed of being the same.
The battle for the Central Plains lies in virtue and honor.
A husband has four ambitions, but he can resign from poverty.
=========================================================
Among them, the famous poem is widely circulated:
Forward plug (6)
Du Fu
Bow (1) as strength (2) and arrow as length. Shooters should shoot horses, and leaders should catch their leaders.
Killing is also limited (3), and countries have their own borders (4). If (5) can invade the mausoleum (6), does (7) kill more?
Precautions:
1. Bow: Bow.
2. Strong: refers to bowing hard. It takes a lot of effort to pull this bow, but it shoots far.
3. Limited: There should also be a limit.
4. Your own boundary: There should be a boundary.
5. if.
6. Control grave robbery: stop invasion and aggression.
7. hey: no.
Translation:
If you use a bow, you must use a strong bow, and if you use an arrow, you must use a long arrow. If you want to shoot the enemy, you must shoot the enemy's horse first, and if you want to catch the enemy, you must first catch the enemy's head. There should be a limit to killing people, and all countries have their own borders. As long as we can stop the enemy's aggression, is it necessary to kill more people in the war?
Solve the problem:
The poet wrote nine Chusai first, and then five Chusai. Add "before" and "after" to show the difference. "Before Leaving the Village" is a current event of Ge's conquest of Tubo in the last years of Tianbao, which is intended to satirize arrogance. This article was originally listed as the sixth article, which is a relatively famous one.
The first four sentences of the poem are very similar to the popular battle songs in the army at that time. They are quite charming and interesting, and win the main points of discussion. Therefore, Huang Sheng said it was "like a proverb, the most beautiful place in Yuefu". Two "pawns" and two "firsts" are witty remarks, which open people's minds, put forward the key to combat steps, and emphasize that the troops should be strong, the morale should be high, and the enemy should be resourceful and wise. Expressing four sentences in a row is like summing up combat experience. But judging from the whole article, it is not the main idea of the work, but just a foil for the following. The last four sentences show the ultimate goal of going to the border to fight.
"There is a limit to killing people, and all ethnic groups have their own borders. If we can control the invasion of the mausoleum, how many people will be killed? " Poet's speech is generous, and he speaks his mind directly, hit the floor. In his view, keeping Qiang Bing is only for guarding the border, not for fighting. Whether "shooting horses" for the enemy, "killing people as a last resort" or "capturing the king" for Qiang Bing, we should limit ourselves to "controlling the invasion of the mausoleum", and we should not tamper with the war cases, let alone arrogantly invade foreign countries. This idea of fighting with war and stopping aggression with Qiang Bing is a grand theory and a good strategy to ensure border security; It reflects the interests of the country and the wishes of the people. Therefore, Zhang Hui said in "Du Fu Yao" that these words are "big classics, spoken by guards".
From the perspective of artistic conception, the author adopts the method of first promoting and then restraining: the first four sentences are based on popular and philosophical proverbs, telling how to train and use soldiers and how to defeat the enemy; The last four sentences are about how to control martial arts, try to avoid a war and force out the original intention of "stopping fighting for martial arts" Auxiliary pen first, then main pen; Between the auxiliary pen and the main pen, it seems to be sweeping, but in fact it is connected, seemingly contradictory, but actually dialectical. Because there is no reliable armament, it is impossible to stop foreign aggression; However, it is not advisable to rely on strong armed forces and resort to belligerence. Therefore, the poet advocates both supporting Qiang Bing and "controlling the invasion of the mausoleum", which is in line with the interests of the vast majority of people. Pu Yin Long read Du Xin Jie and said with great insight: "The above four sentences were so soaring, and the following four sentences were suddenly swept away, and the rabbits fell down. It really happened! If so! " The "soaring" and "sweeping" mentioned here refer to the surging momentum and waves in the works; The "rabbit rises and falls" mentioned here refers to the profound theme of "supporting and opposing weapons" naturally revealed in the momentum of Pentium. In the Tang dynasty, there were few works that won by argument, but this poem was famous for its argument; It has won high praise for its lofty ideas, honest and frank attitude, philosophy and grandeur.
Han Yuefu has songs "Out of the Frontier" and "Into the Frontier", which are about the fighting life in the frontier. People in the Tang Dynasty often wrote frontier poems with the theme of "fortress". Du Fu wrote many songs, the first nine of which were called "Before the Dyke" and the last five were called "After the Dyke". In the last years of Tianbao, Geshuhan was blamed for being greedy for Tubo, while An Lushan blamed the Khitan, so he clamored for a long time. Great war disasters and burdens fell on the people. By focusing on the process of a soldier guarding the border for ten years, it reflects the deep suffering brought to the people by the border war launched by the Tang Dynasty and satirizes Xuanzong's belligerent policy. This group of poems is written in the first person, grasping the personality characteristics of the characters, paying attention to psychological depiction, with a compact structure and orderly levels, and nine poems are integrated. Here is the sixth song. The poem not only expresses the intention of opposing militancy, but also expresses the idea of solving frontier problems through political means. "A Detailed Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems" said: "I am deeply sorry for the militaristic behavior at that time." Zhang Wan's Note: The meaning of this chapter is only one sentence, "Catch the king". The first three sentences are suggestive, and the last four sentences show that there is no need to kill indiscriminately. "
The style of this poem is "like a ballad rather than a ballad, which is the most beautiful place in Yuefu" (Du Shi said).