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Teaching methods of ancient poetry
First, combine language understanding with language acquisition to promote students' language construction and application.
The so-called "language construction and application" refers to students' ability to master the characteristics and application rules of the motherland's language and characters through active accumulation, combing and integration in rich language practice, form individual speech experience, and use the motherland's language and characters correctly and effectively in specific language situations for communication.
1, understand the content of ancient poetry:
Understand with after-class notes; Image perception combined with pictures or audio and video; Experience with students' real life experiences; Know the past with today; Knowledge classification; Poetry contrast and other methods can guide students to understand the language of ancient poetry.
2. Acquisition of language forms of ancient poetry;
Teachers should gradually infiltrate the relevant knowledge of the style of ancient poetry, lead students to gradually understand the characteristics and charm of the style of ancient poetry, gradually try to use the language of ancient poetry, and even create poetry.
For example, in the word "Water Turn ● Mid-Autumn Festival", "Water Turn" is the name of the epigraph, and the content of the word is ***95 words, which is a "long tune". At the same time, this word is divided into two parts, and its words are orderly. From its language style, it is a model of "uninhibited school". In the first half of the poem, the daydream of enjoying the moon and the daydream of looking at the moon in the second half show Su Shi's characteristics of "unrestrained personality and romantic temperament" to the fullest.
Teacher Zhao Zhixiang mentioned the poem "Draw a Chicken" in the lecture. Teacher Zhao designed the following questions:
1, how many lines does this poem have?
(4 sentences) How many words are there in each sentence? (7 words)
In ancient poetry, one word is called "one word", so a five-word poem is called (five words) and seven words are called (seven words).
A poem with four sentences and five words is called "five-character quatrains" or "five-element quatrains" for short. Then, a * * * has four sentences, each with seven words, which is called (seven-character quatrains or seven-line quatrains).
Second, appreciate the poetic images and promote the development and promotion of thinking;
In the process of Chinese learning, students can develop their intuitive thinking, image thinking, logical thinking and creative thinking ability through the use of language, and improve their thinking qualities such as profundity, agility, flexibility, criticism and originality.
The most basic feature of ancient poetry is simplicity and complexity: expressing the most meaningful feelings with the least words. It is also based on this that the teaching of ancient poetry cannot be as simple as understanding meaning and feelings. We should make the classroom of ancient poetry teaching full of aura.
How to make the classroom teaching of ancient poetry full of aura? One of the key elements is "image". It is a true, sensible, vivid and lovely image, and it is also an integral part of artistic conception and emotional expression. The reason why it is called "Su" is because ancient poetry can't be without images, and ancient poetry teaching can't be without images!
Several common teaching strategies of image appreciation;
1, read "like" repeatedly.
2. Music rendering.
3. Items with illustrations.
4. Understand the background or extend reading to enrich the image.
Thirdly, learning aesthetics and creation in poetry reading;
Students' aesthetic consciousness, aesthetic taste and ability to express and create beauty in the process of Chinese learning are all constructed through aesthetic experience, evaluation and other activities.
Reading aloud is not simply memorizing the content of poetry mechanically, but integrating oneself into lofty artistic conception through reading aloud, and reading out the profound feelings of poetry through emotional chanting.
Metric comparison of Mid-Autumn Festival;
It's Zhongping, Zhongping.
When did the moon begin to appear? Ask heaven for wine.
General, general, general.
I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time.
Medium and average, medium and average, medium and average.
I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade.
It's Zhongping, Zhongping.
Dance to find out what shadows look like on the earth.
Medium, medium and flat.
The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self.
Average and average, average and average.
The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone?
It is hard for ordinary people to say that there are joys and sorrows, and the moon is full and sunny.
Medium flat, medium flat.
I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
Fourth, promote cultural inheritance and understanding:
Students' ability to inherit Chinese excellent traditional culture, understand and draw lessons from different ethnic and regional cultures, and their cultural vision, cultural consciousness and cultural self-confidence attitude in the process of learning Chinese.
Learning ancient poetry is not only for understanding, accumulating and using at an appropriate time, but more importantly, it should be a kind of "cultural inheritance".
Of course, when students study ancient poems, they should pay attention to their "sense of uniqueness"-that is, reading their own understanding. However, as an important imprint of China's traditional culture, we should pay more attention to the sense of "* * *"-that is, the cultural memory handed down from generation to generation by the nation.
To put it simply, the teaching of ancient poetry is: there are sounds in the mouth, images in the eyes, feelings in the heart and people in the chest.
The teaching strategies of ancient poetry are simply: language, aesthetics, culture and inheritance.
Teaching methods of ancient poetry in primary schools
First, read and experience repeatedly.
Reading ancient poems is an excellent educational tradition in China, and reading more and reciting more is the traditional way for people to learn Chinese. "I am familiar with 300 Tang poems, and I can sing even if I can't write poems." "A good poem is never tired of reading, and you know it carefully." These famous sayings fully illustrate the importance of reading ancient poems. Reading aloud is the main method for primary school students to learn ancient poetry, and it is also an effective way to understand the content of ancient poetry and the author's thoughts and feelings. Including reading aloud and reciting. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" puts forward in the teaching suggestion that "let students read some poems to accumulate, experience and cultivate their sense of language." Moreover, the specific requirements of "reciting excellent poems" are put forward in the course objectives, with 50 paragraphs of excellent poems recited in junior and middle grades and 60 paragraphs of excellent poems recited in senior grades. Pupils have a strong memory, and the ancient poems suitable for pupils are short, pithy and catchy. Students can recite it in a short time, and it is not difficult to complete the prescribed recitation task.
Because of its long history, ancient poetry has brought great language barriers to students' understanding. Teachers should change their teaching concepts, change classroom teaching from teachers' cross talk to students' reading aloud, and let students recite poems and write poems under the guidance of teachers, so as to gradually develop their ability to understand idioms. Teachers should first read model essays, so that students can initially appreciate the beauty of language and artistic conception of ancient poetry in catchy and beautiful reading, and have a sense of auditory pleasure, immerse themselves in beautiful artistic enjoyment, and stimulate their strong interest in learning ancient poetry. Only by instructing students to read more can teachers overcome the phonetic barrier. The most basic thing to read ancient poetry is to read the correct pronunciation and understand the meaning of the sentence. Teachers should help students get rid of phonetic barriers, especially the pronunciation different from modern Chinese. For example, the word "see" in "Song of Chile" is "the sky is grey, the wild is boundless, the wind blows grass low, and the cattle are low", and the word "see" is read as "xiàn" instead of "jiàn".
Second, create a scene and feel the artistic conception
Ancient poetry is full of poetry, poetry can not be separated from painting, painting can give poetry. Drawing according to the content of poetry and helping students understand poetry is one of the commonly used means in the teaching of ancient poetry. For example, in Bai Pu's poem "Shaqiu in Jing Tian", it is written that the sun gradually sinks in the west, and the sunset glow on the horizon gradually dissipates, leaving only a few dim colors, reflecting how lonely the quiet village in the distance is, dragging out that long shadow. The fog was faintly floating, several black crows perched on the rickety old tree, and a wild goose flew down in the distance and crossed the sky. Looking from a distance along it, the scenery is beautiful; Frosted grass, flaming maple leaves and golden chrysanthemums are swaying in the wind together, and their colors are almost enchanting. When learning this poem, we should guide students to do it themselves and turn it into a beautiful landscape painting. After students begin to draw, we should guide them to understand the meaning of the sentence, make the scenery in the song three-dimensional and vivid in front of the students, fully mobilize the students' existing knowledge and life experience, and dynamically imagine some sounds in life that are not written in the song, which greatly enriches the picture content and makes students feel the vivid, static and dynamic picture beauty in the song.
Third, the use of multimedia to improve teaching effectiveness
Interest is the forerunner of knowledge. In the teaching of ancient poetry and prose in primary schools, teachers must be able to stimulate students' interest and let students consciously integrate into the specific poetic atmosphere. Modern psychology shows that "novel and changeable things can enhance the stimulation intensity of cerebral cortex." A novel method is adopted, which can make students concentrate on improving their interest. "The most obvious feature of applying multimedia means is to stimulate students' interest in learning. Audio-visual education media integrates sound, color, painting and music. Colorful pictures and vivid and sensible sounds are conducive to creating a specific artistic conception. Students are in it, and their scenery, things and people seem within reach, which arouses a strong desire to explore.
For example, when teaching the poem "Looking at Tianmen Mountain in the Distance", first tell the students that they will be interested in taking you on a pleasant autumn outing and feeling the beautiful scenery of Tianmen Mountain today. While playing images, we also use language to describe what the poet described, what characteristics the poet grasped, and what order he put these scenes on a picture, and then arouse students' association through intensive reading. Read "Tianmen breaks the Chu River, and Higashi Shimizu flows here." At that time, it led the poet to overlook the magnificent scene of Tianmen Mountain confronting Jiajiang, the river crossing Tianmen Mountain and the surging water. "The green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, and the sails are alone." In front of the students, it presents a magnificent view of Tianmen and two mountains; The prospect of the Yangtze River and the dynamic "solitary sail" from Japan make people feel that Tianmen Mountain facing Jiajiang is coming towards them, indicating their welcome to the guests on the river. Since Qingshan is so affectionate to distant guests, they should be more interested. Finally, a layered picture appeared, a scene of sailing alone and getting closer and closer to Tianmen Mountain, and a scene of witnessing the beautiful scenery of famous mountains with poets ..... Students get beautiful enjoyment from the image picture and arouse strong interest in learning.
In short, teachers should give full play to the role of ancient poetry teaching through effective teaching activities, establish its important position in primary school Chinese teaching, and let students improve their aesthetic level and broaden their horizons by accepting better ancient poetry teaching from teachers.
Six steps in the teaching of ancient poetry
First, stimulate interest in tutorial and explore topics.
The way of guiding ancient poetry is similar to reading teaching, that is, indirect guidance and direct guidance. Indirect guidance is to create a certain teaching situation, put forward the topic to be studied, and write the topic on the blackboard. There are many ways of indirect import, such as story import, question import and preview import. No matter which lead-in method is related to the teaching content, it is a kind of bedding and foil for the teaching content.
Second, introduce the background and know the poet.
The creation background of ancient poetry includes the background of the times, the poet's situation and mentality in creating this poem, etc. The profound historical and cultural background of ancient poetry is a good material for traditional culture education and a typical embodiment of China's human nature. Teachers can let students know about the poet and his creative background by inquiring about materials before class, which can cultivate students' ability to collect and process information. The new curriculum standard also points out: "We should make use of all aspects of Chinese teaching, consciously cultivate students' listening and speaking ability, and create various communication situations in and out of class so that every student can communicate freely in spoken English. "So, dealing with this part of the teaching content can not only increase historical knowledge, but also increase the interest of teaching.
Third, self-study and clear poetry.
Chinese Curriculum Standards takes "actively advocating independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods" as one of the four concepts of Chinese curriculum. Teachers should adopt flexible and diverse teaching strategies, organically combine "letting go" and "helping" to guide students to learn ancient poetry.
First of all, we must boldly "release". First, let students freely discuss the methods of learning ancient poetry, and then let them choose the learning methods that suit them to explore new knowledge and understand poetry. For problems that cannot be solved independently, students are encouraged to solve some specious problems through cooperation and help.
The second is to "help" skillfully. When students have an overall perception of ancient poetry, they can learn about their learning situation through collective communication, and decide whether, where and how to help according to their learning situation. Through "help", students can initially understand the possible deviations in perception, further deepen their understanding of the whole poem, and prepare for understanding the sentiment of the poem and entering the realm of the poem. The teacher's summary of the promoted words is the sublimation of students' feelings and understanding, which makes students influenced by noble sentiments and interests.
Fourth, imagine reading aloud and experience poetry.
Ancient poetry is the cultural treasure of the Chinese nation, which is profound, concise and implicit. It has great aesthetic value including music, architecture, painting and artistic conception. Students should experience the emotion of poetry by reading aloud and appreciating it. Therefore, after students understand the meaning of the whole poem and have a preliminary emotional experience, teachers should strike while the iron is hot and guide students to read aloud with emotion with the help of modern teaching media. Through point reading, critical reading, model reading and reading aloud, performance reading enables students to understand the stress and rhythm of poetry, grasp the priorities of poetry, deepen the experience of the poet's emotions, and appreciate the thoughts and feelings endowed by the poet. In the process of learning ancient poetry, teachers should pay attention to guiding students to imagine according to the meaning of poetry, enter the state with emotion and strengthen emotional reading. In the process of first reading, the basic requirements are only to read the correct pronunciation and understand the poem; The second reading based on understanding requires emotional expression. Reading aloud after understanding the artistic conception of poetry needs to change emotional reading into creative reading. Today, in the reading session of these two classes, two teachers practiced in depth layer by layer to improve students' reading level.
Fifth, create a situation and enter the poetic realm.
The highest state of reading poetry is to enter the artistic conception of poetry. Entering the realm of poetry is to guide students to truly experience the scenes and emotions created by poets, and to have feelings about them. How to let students enter this harmonious artistic realm? In the last link, students have mastered certain reading skills in the teacher's guided reading. Teachers should not guide reading in isolation or simply create situations, but should organically combine creating situations with emotional reading, and take creating situations as the basis and foreshadowing for students' emotional reading. At the same time, reading can guide students to understand poetry and enter the realm of poetry. Teacher Ma takes the form of performance to let students experience this scene personally. Teacher Sun brought the students into the artistic conception of poetry by watching the video. Emotional expression is richer every time, and students' reading is in place every time. Finally, let the students think, worry and sing through reading and the poet's emotion. This link is actually the sublimation and display of the previous link.
Sixth, transfer and use to create poetry.
To complete the teaching of a poem is not to complete the teaching of this class. Instead, the class is extended to the teaching of the same type of ancient poems with poetic features, and the learning volume of ancient poems is consciously increased. Make students come into contact with a large number of ancient poems in class and learn more excellent poems of poets. In this way, students have broadened their horizons and increased their interest in reading ancient poems. There is not such a saying: if you learn 300 Tang poems, you can recite them without writing. Teachers should consciously guide students' ability to use ancient poetry in teaching, for example, the second paragraph can let students perform and reproduce the artistic conception of poetry; In junior and senior high school, we can create a classroom environment suitable for students to practice their language by presenting courseware and rendering music. Through this language practice process, students can be guided to use ancient poems, and their desire and interest in writing can be stimulated, so that they can apply what they have learned and truly achieve the purpose of Chinese teaching.
"Education has a model, but there is no fixed model; A model without a model is the ultimate model. " The teaching structure of ancient poetry can be varied, and the teaching methods are ever-changing.
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