"Farewell Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" is a five-character poem written by Wang Bo, the first of the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty". This poem can be called a classic among farewell poems. The whole poem is only 40 years old. It's a single word, but it changes vertically and horizontally, with endless changes, as if it contains countless hills and valleys and endless scenery on a small picture frame. It has been widely circulated to this day. Below is the original text and translation of "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" for your reference. The original text and translation of "Send Off Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" 1
The original text of "Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou"
The city tower assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look forward to Wujin . I want to say goodbye to you, we are both eunuchs.
There are close friends in the sea, and they are like neighbors in the world. If you do nothing, you will be on the wrong road, and your children will be stained with towels.
Translation of "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou"
In the ancient land of the Three Qin Dynasties, the city walls and palaces of Chang'an were protected. The wind and smoke are billowing, and Wujin of Minjiang River in Shuzhou cannot be seen.
When we shake hands with you and say goodbye, we feel that we are in the same heart; you and I are both people who are far away from home and working as officials abroad.
As long as I have you within the four seas, I am a close friend, no matter how far apart we are, we feel like we are together.
Please don’t cry sadly on the road to separation; like passionate young men and women, weeping and staining each other’s clothes.
Notes on "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou"
Shaofu: official name
: to, to go
Shu State: Today's Chongzhou, Sichuan
Chengque (què) assists the Three Qin Dynasties: Chengque, that is, the city tower, refers to Chang'an City, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Assistant, guard. Sanqin refers to the Guanzhong area near Chang'an City, which is now the area west of Tongguan, Shaanxi Province. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu conquered the Qin Dynasty and divided Guanzhong into three districts, which were granted to the three surrendered generals of the Qin State, so they were called the Three Qins. This sentence is an inverted sentence, which means that the capital Chang'an and Sanqin are for protection. Wujin: refers to the five ferry crossings of Minjiang River: Baihuajin, Wanlijin, Jiangshoujin, Shetoujin and Jiangnanjin. This generally refers to Sichuan.
The wind smoke looks at Wujin: The two-character noun "wind smoke" is used as an adverbial to express the location of the action. It is translated as: The riverside looks confused and crying because of the distance. The whole sentence is about looking at Shuzhou from afar in the confusion of wind and smoke.
Jun: A respectful name for a person, here it refers to "you".
Huan (huàn) travel: going out to serve as an official.
Within the sea: within the four seas, that is, all over the country. Ancient people believed that our country's territory was surrounded by seas, so they called the world within the four seas.
Tianya: The horizon, here is a metaphor for a very far place.
Neighbor: adjacent, close neighbor.
Wuwei: no need, no need.
奇(qí)路: Forked road. The ancients often said goodbye at the fork in the road.
Wet towels: Tears wet clothes and belts. It means saying goodbye with tears.
Appreciation of "Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou"
"Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" was written by the author when he was in Chang'an. "Shaofu" is the general name for county captains in the Tang Dynasty. The young man named Du was about to go to Sichuan to serve as an official. Wang Bo saw him off in Chang'an and gave him this farewell poem when he was leaving. At the same time, it also writes about the author's reluctance for his friends.
This poem is a masterpiece of farewell poems. The poetic comfort is not to be sad when parting. The first sentence is a strict antithesis, and the third and fourth sentences are connected with each other in a loose tone. The truth turns to emptiness, and the mood of the poem is ups and downs. The third couplet, "There are close friends in the sea, and we are neighbors as far as the end of the world", with strange peaks rising up, which highly summarizes the scene of "deep friendship, strong mountains and rivers", and the last couplet points out the theme of "sending".
The whole poem opens and closes suddenly, with flowing energy and broad-minded artistic conception. The farewell poem has a sad and melancholy atmosphere, the tone is bright and hearty, the language is fresh and lofty, and the content is unique. This poem washes away the sorrowful and lingering mood in the farewell poems of the past, and reflects the poet's lofty aspirations, open-minded taste and broad-minded mind. It has become an immortal saying expressing the deep friendship between friends who are separated by thousands of miles and thousands of rivers.
"The city gate assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look forward to the Five Jin Dynasties." "Que" is the watchtower in front of the palace. "Chengque" refers to Chang'an City, the imperial capital of the Tang Dynasty. "Sanqin" refers to the Guanzhong area near Chang'an. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu divided this area into the Three Kingdoms, so later generations called it the land of the Three Qins. "Auxiliary" means auxiliary, which can be understood as protection. "Assisting Sanqin" means "supplementing Sanqin". The vast wilderness in the Guanzhong area protects the city of Chang'an. This sentence refers to the place of farewell. "The wind and smoke look at Wujin". "Wujin" refers to the five ferry crossings of the Minjiang River in Sichuan Province from Guanxian County below to the Qianwei section. Looking from a distance, I can see the vast expanse of wind, dust, and mist in Sichuan. This sentence talks about where Du Shaofu is going. Because the friend was going to Sichuan from Chang'an, the two places naturally became emotionally connected to the poet. The beginning of the poem does not say goodbye, but only describes the situation and style of these two places. The feeling of farewell is now at ease.
The poet is in Chang'an and cannot even see the land of Sanqin at a glance, and Wujin, which is thousands of miles away, cannot be seen at all. Beyond the sight of ordinary people, see the world with the eyes of imagination. "The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea and never returns." You can see the East China Sea from the source of the river. "The Qutang Gorge is at the mouth of the Qujiang River, and thousands of miles of wind and smoke meet the plain autumn." You can see Chang'an directly from the Three Gorges.
The poem uses exaggeration to unfold a magnificent realm at the beginning. Generally, farewell poems only focus on swallow feathers, poplar branches, tear stains, and wine cups.
"I have no intention of saying goodbye to you, but we are both eunuchs." What does it mean to say goodbye to each other? People who are drifting away to seek official positions have already had a feeling of farewell when they leave their hometown. Saying goodbye to each other in a guest house adds another layer of feeling of farewell. There is really infinite sadness in it. The first two sentences are in a high tone, the pairing is precise and rigorous, and the charm is deep. The pairing does not seek neatness, but is scattered. Although there were no strict regulations on rhythmic poetry at that time, it had its own unique beauty. The poem forms ups and downs, which makes people feel that the changes are so dramatic that they cannot be ignored.
In the fifth and sixth sentences, the realm changes from small to grand, and the mood changes from sad to heroic. “There are close friends in the sea, and we are like neighbors across the world.” You can't separate your friends from distance. As long as we are within the four seas, even the ends of the world are like neighbors. One Qin and one Shu are nothing. It shows that friendship is not limited by time and blocked by space. It is eternal and omnipresent, and the emotions expressed are optimistic and open-minded.
The last two sentences are "Inaction is at the crossroads, and the children are stained with towels." The two lines of the poem are connected with one sentence, which means: "At this fork in the road where we are about to part, don't wave like the little children." Tears say goodbye! It is a warning to friends and a confession of one's own feelings. "Immediately after the first two sentences, it suddenly falls into a soothing state at a very high point, and then ends. Take music as an example; the ending of a piece of music stops abruptly at the most exciting place, but some have to drag on to the end. "Send Off to Du Shaofu" Original text and translation part 2
Original text:
"Send Du Shaofu to be appointed as Shuzhou"
Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty
The city gate assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look forward to the five rivers.
We are both eunuchs.
We have close friends in the world.
Inaction is on the wrong road, and the children are wearing towels.
Translation:
Sanqin, the capital of Chang'an, looks at Shuzhou in the distance in the wind and smoke. >
I have infinite affection in my heart when I say goodbye to you. We are all working abroad now.
We have close friends all over the country, even in far away places. Same.
There is no need to say goodbye with tears soaked in clothes like passionate men and women.
Appreciation:
This is a farewell poem. It can be seen from the whole poem that the poet is advising friends not to be so sad when parting. The mountainous landscape in the first sentence can be seen as a farewell scene, and the second sentence directly explains it. The third sentence shows that the affection between friends cannot be blocked even across the world.
The last sentence directly refers to the topic of "send", which is a reminder to friends. The revelation of one's own feelings can be said to have a very grand artistic conception, and it is a classic among farewell poems.
Judging from the creative background of this poem, the author was abbreviated in Chang'an, and this is Du. The Shaofu was about to go to Sichuan to take office. At this time, Wang Bo said goodbye to him in Chang'an City, and gave him this poem when he was leaving.
The third line of the poem is a classic line, which combines the previous lines. The sadness faded away lightly, and the poet imagined the mood of the two people in the future. Even if they are separated by the world, as long as their hearts are connected, they will be close at hand.
This is different from the mood of ordinary farewell poems. , not only reflects the poet's open-mindedness, but also is a classic line rich in philosophy, which is impressive and gives a profound definition of friendship. Original text and translation of "Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" 3
Original text
Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou
Author: Wang Bo
The city is auxiliary to the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look forward to Wujin. p>
Parting with you is the same as being an official.
There are close friends in the world.
If you do nothing, your children will be together. p>
Notes
1. Chengque: refers to Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty.
2. Auxiliary: Guard.
3. Sanqin: the current area of ??Shaanxi Province; auxiliary to Sanqin means to be supplemented by Sanqin.
4. Wujin: five ferries on the Yangtze River in Sichuan.
Translation
In the land of the Three Qin Dynasties in ancient times, the city walls and palaces of Chang'an were protected.
The wind and smoke are billowing, and Wujin on the Minjiang River in Shuzhou cannot be seen.
When we shake hands with you and say goodbye, we feel close to each other;
You and I are both people who are far away from home and working as officials abroad.
As long as I have you as my confidant within the four seas,
No matter how far apart we are, we feel like we are together.
Please don’t cry sadly on the road to separation;
Like passionate young men and women, weeping and wet each other’s clothes.
Appreciation of "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou"
"Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" was written by Wang Bo when he was in Chang'an.
"Shaofu" is the general name for county captains in the Tang Dynasty. The young man named Du was about to take office in Sichuan. Wang Bo saw him off in Chang'an and gave him this poem before leaving.
"The city gate assists the three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look out to the five Jin Dynasties." The first two sentences respectively point out the farewell place and the destination of the pedestrians. "Chengque" refers to the capital city of Chang'an. The castles are the watchtowers on both sides of the palace gate. "Sanqin" generally refers to the area around Chang'an. After Xiang Yu defeated the Qin Dynasty, he divided the original territory of the Qin State into the three kingdoms of Yong, Sai, and Zhai, and named the three generals of the Qin Dynasty as kings, called the "Three Qins". "Chengque assists the Three Qin Dynasties" means that the capital Chang'an is surrounded by the Three Qin Dynasties. "Wujin" is where Du Shaofu wants to go. The Minjiang River in Sichuan from Guanxian to Qianwei has five ferries including Baihuajin and Wanlijin, which are called "Five Jins". Chang'an is the place where the poet and Du Shaofu parted ways. The city walls and palaces are majestic and vivid. Du Shaofu was naturally reluctant to leave here. And what about Shuzhou in the future? Thousands of miles away, the wind and smoke are misty, and it can't help but feel a bit melancholy when looking as far as the eye can see. These two sentences use the contrast of two scenes, one near and one far away, to set off the farewell feelings of both the traveler and the person seeing him off.
This friend surnamed Du got a small official like a county captain in the capital, and traveled a long way to Shuzhou to take up the post. I am afraid he is a very unsuccessful intellectual. Wang Bo himself was not very proud of his official career. When they walked out of the capital and looked at Wujin from afar, their feelings for each other naturally communicated. "I want to say goodbye to you, we are both eunuchs." These two lines of poems express the emotional resonance between the two. The general idea of ??these two sentences is: You and I are both traveling away from home to pursue official careers. You go to Shuzhou, and I stay in Chang'an. Although there are differences between going and staying, the feeling of saying goodbye at this moment is the same! The feelings expressed in these two sentences are very sincere, the attitude is very sincere, and a considerate and concerned tone comes out naturally from the lines, which is very touching.
In five or six sentences, he suddenly changed his writing direction and turned to comfort the friend who was about to leave: "There are close friends in the sea, and we are neighbors as far as the end of the world." It means: After we break up, although we are far apart, we don't have to sad. There are close friends at home, even if they are far apart, they are like close neighbors. The last two sentences take this a step further and say: "Inaction is on the crossroads, and children are stained with tears." It means, don't be sad because of separation on the crossroads of separation, just like those young men and women who shed tears on their towels. The above four sentences are derived from Cao Zhi's "Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao". When Cao Zhi separated from his younger brother Cao Biao, he wrote: "My husband has ambitions all over the world, and he is still close to his neighbors thousands of miles away." He also said: "Worry makes you sick, but it is the kindness of your children!" But Wang Bo's poems are more concise and clear.
"Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" has long been a popular poem, especially the two sentences "A bosom friend in the sea is as close as a neighbor to the end of the world", which is still often quoted by people today. This poem is optimistic and cheerful, without the sadness and pathos that are common in farewell poems. I think this is an important reason why it is so popular. Its mood is consistent with the spirit of the times in the early Tang Dynasty when the economy and culture were prospering and feudal society was rising and developing.
Simplicity is the artistic characteristic of this poem, and it is also its benefit. From the Qi and Liang Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, the flashy and gorgeous poetic style has always dominated the poetry world. Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, Luo Binwang and others reversed the poetry style of Qi and Liang Dynasties and created a new trend for poetry creation. Wang, Yang, Lu, and Luo are "famous for their articles" and are called the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty". They have a status that cannot be ignored in the history of Chinese literature. Du Fu said in "Six Quatrains of Plays": "Wang Yang, Lu Luo, and Lu Luo were in the same style at that time, and their frivolous literary style has not stopped. Both your body and your name will be destroyed, and the rivers and rivers will not be destroyed forever." Du Fu said that those who sneered at the "Four Heroes" People can only "perish in body and name", but the "Four Heroes" are like eternal rivers, and their good names will never be wiped out. Du Fu's admiration for the "Four Heroes" is not exaggerated at all. Take Wang Bo's poem as an example. It does not pile up rhetoric and allusions, but uses simple language to express his broad mind. But there is warning in the simplicity, and there is consideration for friends in the rich words. It is by no means sweeping and boring. The poet originally wanted to comfort Du Shaofu and advise him not to be too sentimental. But instead of persuading him from the beginning, he first used the description of the environment to set off the feeling of farewell, indicating that he was an eunuch like him, so he could best understand his mood of leaving relatives and friends to seek officialdom. Then he goes on to say that high mountains and long rivers cannot block the spiritual and emotional communication between close friends. "There are close friends in the sea, and there are neighbors as far apart as the world", which becomes the warning policy of the whole article. It wasn't until the end that I advised him not to be too sad when they broke up. What a tactful way to write it! Du Shaofu will definitely feel cordial, and his lingering and melancholy feelings will definitely be resolved.