Zheng Banqiao's ancestors, three generations are literati, great-grandfather, Xiang was born; Grandfather Qing, a high-ranking Confucian official, father, Ang Lee, and Lin Zexu were born.
Gui You, 1693, Kangxi was born in Gubanqiao, Dongmen, Xinghua on October 25th. At the age of 4, Mrs. Wang died; My 5-year-old father followed Mrs. Juhao. 14 years old, my stepmother, Mrs. Hao, passed away. About 2000 years ago, when I was young, I studied in Maojiaqiao, Zhou Zhen. At the age of 20, I wrote a poem by Mr. Lu Zhongyuan, a predecessor of Xinghua. At the age of 23, he married Xu, a Zhouyi native. At the age of 24, he was a scholar and began to teach at the age of 26. Li Zhengan, a 30-year-old father, died. 365,438+0 years old, selling paintings in Yangzhou this year, about ten years. His son also died in this year or so. 39 years old, 173 1 year old, 9 years old, his wife Xu died. 40 years old, 1732, Lunzi was in Yongzheng for ten years. In autumn, he went to Nanjing to take part in the provincial examination, and won the prize with the Voice of Denan Weijie. At the age of 43, in February of the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, she was engaged to Raowu, a girl from the northern suburb of Yangzhou, and was named "Xijiangyue".
44-year-old, 1736 Chen Bing, from February to March of the first year of Qianlong, went to Beijing to take the exam, and was the 88th Jinshi of China Erjia. Forty-five-year-old, a pawn of nursing fee, recovered from Cheng's support, Nora's. 50-year-old, 1742, Ren Xuren, worked for seven years, was appointed as the county magistrate of Fan County in the spring, and also served as the county magistrate in the summer. My 52-year-old concubine has a baby. At the age of 54, he changed from Fan County to Wei County and was re-elected for seven years. At the end of 60, he was dismissed as a county magistrate.
At the age of 63, he and Li He made Three Friends.
73-year-old, wrote "Bamboo Stone Map" in April, and "Xiuzhu Niigata Map" on May 3. 1765 (thirty years of Qianlong) died of illness in Qingyuan, xinghua city, on December 12, 1998, leaving no children. Adopted by his son Zheng Tian, he was buried in Ruanzhuang (now Ruancun, Daduo Town) in the east of the city.
Banqiao's "Living in Idleness" says: "Jing's wife rubs the inkstone and grinds new ink, while weak women learn regular script with stationery". Legend has it that Banqiao studied books, mistakenly referring to respectful practice on Xu at night. Xu said, "Everyone has his own body." This sentence touched Banqiao, so he learned half from ancient books and left half, and founded "Six Books and a Half".
According to Seven Songs, at the age of 30, Xu gave birth to two girls and one son, and another girl.
In the tenth year of Yongzheng, namely 1732, Zheng Banqiao, with the help of his friends, went to take the exam and won the prize. In the first year of Qianlong, that is, 1736, he was once again a scholar, and five years later he was appointed as the county magistrate of Fanxian County, Shandong Province. Fan County is located on the north bank of the Yellow River with a population of 100,000, but there are only 40 or 50 families in the county, which is not as big as a village. On his first day in office, Zheng Banqiao made a strange move: people made many holes in the wall of the county government. Others don't understand, ask him, he said that this is the bad habits and vulgarity of former officials.
Five years later, Zheng Banqiao was transferred to the county magistrate of wei county. In order to be close to the people, every time he goes out to patrol, he doesn't set up the sign of "avoidance" and "silence", and he is not allowed to sound the gong to clear the way. Sometimes I wear clothes and sandals and visit the poor incognito. Once when I went out at night, I heard a sound of reading coming from the thatched cottage. At first glance, it turned out that a poor young man named Han Mengzhou was studying hard. Zheng Banqiao supported him with his own money. Later, Han Mengzhou took part in the imperial examination and won the Jinshi.
Because Zheng Banqiao lost his only son, he always visited orphans and tried his best to help them. On rainy days, the children in the county school couldn't go home from school, so he asked someone to send meals, and thinking that children would easily break their shoes when they walked on dirt roads, he asked someone to find some old shoes for them to wear.
In the case of famine, Zheng Banqiao reported the facts and urged people to help. He also ordered wealthy families to take turns to provide porridge for hungry people. He also took the lead in donating his salary. He carved a seal that said, "I can't wait to fill the global hunger debt." When the disaster was serious, he resolutely decided to open an official warehouse and borrow food from the people to save the emergency. His subordinates advised him to be cautious, because he would be punished if he opened the official warehouse without approval. Zheng Banqiao said: "Before the approval, people would have starved to death. This responsibility will be borne by me alone! " Zheng Banqiao's decisiveness saved many lives. In autumn, if the people can't return the food in a disaster year, Zheng Banqiao simply let people burn the bonds, and the people are very grateful that he is an honest official who loves the people like a child.
Zheng Banqiao did not talk about ostentation and extravagance as an official, which also brought him some troubles. Because he often goes to the countryside to observe the people's feelings, his superiors often can't find him when they visit, and it is inevitable to ask questions. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong, a great disaster occurred in wei county. Zheng Banqiao's application for relief angered his boss, and as a result, he was fired.
Before he left, everyone came to see him off. Zheng Banqiao hired three donkeys, one riding by himself, one leading the way and the other carrying luggage. I have been a county magistrate for twelve years, but I am so clean. The people who saw me off were very moved and reluctant to part. Zheng Banqiao presented a painting to the people of Wei County as a souvenir and wrote a poem:
If you don't lose your black veil, your sleeves will get cold. Write a thin bamboo and use it as a fishing rod on the autumn wind river.
From then on, Zheng Banqiao returned to his hometown, painting bamboo for a living, and lived a poor and noble life. He only painted orchids, bamboos and stones all his life. He believes that the blue flowers do not thank at four o'clock, the bamboo sea lasts forever, and the stone sea lasts forever. This coincides with his stubborn character. His paintings are usually just a few bamboos, a stone and some pens. The composition is simple, but the layout is clever, and the thick and thin ink gives a three-dimensional impression. Bamboo leaves and orchid leaves are hooked. Although there is only one black one, it can make people feel the vitality of orchid bamboo.
Has Zheng Banqiao been to fahai temple?
Zheng Banqiao, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", went to Beijing three times in his life. He had contacts with fahai temple Rengong, Weng Shan and the cliff monk of the Sleeping Buddha Temple, and lived in peace, leaving many poems. Especially the poems about fahai temple have attracted some people's attention. Someone wrote that Zheng Banqiao had been to fahai temple at Modaokou.
There are two fahai temple in Jingxi: one is in Wanan Mountain, south of Xiangshan Park, commonly known as North fahai temple; One is Cuiwei Mountain, which is located in the north of Modaokou, commonly known as South fahai temple. Which fahai temple did Zheng Banqiao arrive in?
Zheng Banqiao first went to Beijing in the third year of Yongzheng (1725) and wrote three poems about Yanjing. Judging from the content of the poem, he didn't go to fahai temple this time. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Zheng Banqiao went to Beijing for the second time, and was elected as a scholar of the Ministry of rites. He wrote in his poem: "Peony is rich and beautiful, and peony is in harmony with Xiangguo. I am also called a scholar in Zhong Kui, and I am the top scholar in Tangui. " To express the excitement at that time. However, winning the Jinshi does not mean that there is an official. Zheng Banqiao, who has no "backer" in North Korea, can only live in Beijing. Where to kill time? He thought of a man without a plan. They met at Lushan Mountain as early as when Zheng Banqiao roamed the south of the Yangtze River. Zheng Banqiao found a bad master. In his poem "To Unhealthy Master Weng Shan", he wrote: "The mountain is wrapped in the north of the capital, and the monk lives in the west of the imperial garden." The "Wengshan" in the title, that is, Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace, was not built at that time, and the "imperial garden" should refer to Yuanmingyuan. In the sunshine of Mount Weng, there is a Yuan Jing Temple, where no one can become a monk. Old friends meet happily, as evidenced by a poem: "In the past ten years, I have been homesick at the sight of empty dust and land." It's still bursting, and the gossip is deep. Jiangnan misty rain dream, Kitano wild cold thistle. I have nothing to do to water the vegetable garden and draw mountain springs every day. "Although unscrupulous young master lives near the imperial garden, life is very hard. He leads a life of mending clothes and growing vegetables. Seeing the old friend's life so austere, Zheng Banqiao was filled with emotion: "When I first met Jiangxi, Lushan Waterfall rang the autumn window. Later, when a man entered Zhao Yan, the ancient tile of Wengshan was buried in the cave temple. "
Master unscrupulous had a good friend named Qing Ya monk, who became a monk in Biyun Temple, and they were very close. Elegant monk invited Zheng Banqiao to visit Biyun Temple, and Zheng Banqiao accepted the invitation happily. He wrote in the poem "Send a monk to the cliff": "When did the Buddha lie on the mountain? Today, cherry blossoms are red in the temple. The shower suddenly adds cliff water, and the spring sound is the evening wind. " Vividly describe the beautiful scenery of the reclining Buddha Temple. Zheng Banqiao made many new friends during his stay in the Reclining Buddha Temple, including five doctors, Evena, and Zheng Banqiao went to Xiangshan to see the red leaves. "Mangroves only report autumn every year, and Xishan travels together every year", which is a true portrayal of this trip. To the south of Xiangshan Mountain, over a ridge is fahai temple. Master Ren Gong in the temple chatted with Zheng Banqiao very speculatively, and it was a short encounter. Unconsciously, night falls, "the two sides sing together and the night window burns." The wind chimes want to talk, and the tree cranes can't sleep. " Fahai temple sits west facing east, which is the place to watch the sunrise. Zheng Banqiao naturally missed this opportunity, and he got up when the stars were all over the sky. "Heavy silks that cold voice said, holding the high sitting in front of the wall. Dew is as heavy as light rain, and the path is slippery. "For Zheng Banqiao, Beijing is very cold in autumn. Zheng Banqiao lived in Beijing for a year, but he couldn't find a stable job, so he had to go south to Yangzhou. After six years of Qianlong (174 1), he went to Beijing for the third time, was taken in by Wang, and was appointed as Fan County Magistrate, and later as wei county County Magistrate. This time he went to Beijing. He didn't visit the Western Hills.
Zheng Banqiao has been to fahai temple. Why did he say fahai temple instead of fahai temple? There are four reasons. First of all, Yuan Jing Temple is the "base" for Zheng Banqiao to visit the second temple of the reclining Buddha and Fahai. Mount Weng is near the north of fahai temple and far away from fahai temple. Is it reasonable to go further and further? Secondly, Zheng Banqiao toured fahai temple in the first year of Qianlong, and rebuilt North fahai temple in the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660). By the first year of Qianlong, the temple was only 76 years old, which was its heyday. At the same time, fahai temple has not been rebuilt for many years since the tenth year of Zheng De (15 15). At that time, it was hard to say whether there were monks in fahai temple. Third, North fahai temple was built by the emperor shunzhi, and there was still a "Buddha-respecting" monument in Shunzhi. Fahai temple is a eunuch temple. After the Qing Dynasty made Beijing its capital, it held a negative attitude towards the eunuch tombs and eunuch temples in the Ming Dynasty. Didn't Zheng Banqiao, who went to Beijing for official positions, think of this? Fourth, Zheng Banqiao once saw the sunrise in fahai temple. North fahai temple is a good place to watch the sunrise from west to east. Sitting in fahai temple facing south, surrounded by mountains on three sides, is not suitable for watching the sunrise.