Lu You, with his calligraphy concept and nickname Fang Weng, is an outstanding patriotic poet in the history of our country. A strong spirit of patriotism always runs through his many poems throughout his life. His patriotism, concern for the country and ambition to serve the country have been admired and praised by people of all generations and are still a good teaching material for our patriotism education.
(1) Lu You’s patriotism
Lu You has a strong patriotism. Judging from his poems and related materials, his patriotism is reflected in the following points: Two aspects:
First, love the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. Among Lu You's large number of poems, there are many excellent works that praise the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and its history and culture, such as:
"Don't laugh at the farmers who are full of wax and wine. In the good years, the tourists are enough to drink and drink. There is no way out despite the mountains and rivers. There is another village with dark willows and bright flowers. Xiaogu follows the Spring Society, and the simple and ancient style of clothing remains. From now on, if I can take a leisurely stroll in the moonlight, I will knock on the door all the time with my stick."
This is a poem that vividly depicts rural customs and scenery. There are many poems like this in Lu You's poems. These excellent works express the poet's love for life with beautiful and vivid words. and praise for the mountains and rivers of the motherland.
The second is that he is extremely angry that the great rivers and mountains of the motherland have been invaded, and is determined to devote his life to regaining the country.
"Thirty thousand miles east of the river flows into the sea, five thousand miles high into the sky, the remaining people shed tears in the dust, and look south to the king's division for another year."
In this poem, the poet describes the majestic rivers and mountains of the motherland that fell to the Jin people, and tells that the tears of the people in the occupied areas have dried up, and they look forward to the Southern Song Dynasty army coming to restore the country every year, but they fail. Disappointed every year, the author's patriotism is palpable.
"A solitary lamp on a frosty night, reading military books in a poor mountain, with a goal of thousands of miles in life, a spearhead for the king, a warrior who died in battle, and a shameful return to guard his wife and children..."
Central Plains After falling into the hands of the Jin people, the poet expressed his feelings immediately, saying that he had studied military books and was determined to sacrifice his life to recover the lost land and defend the motherland, which fully expressed the poet's ambition to fight against the Jin Dynasty and defend the country.
The third is to love the people. If you love your country, you must love your people. Lu You's love for the people is deep and sincere.
“In Zhao and Wei, the dust is thousands of feet yellow, and the remaining people are full of blood and jackals...,” he sympathized with the people who suffered from the war. The director of the pavilion is like a wolf, and the women are frightened to death and the children are stiff. "The anger towards the invaders, the hatred for the corrupt officials, and the sympathy for the people in the war are vividly expressed in these poems, which make people see the poet's sympathy and care for the people. of sincere heart.
Lu You served as an official many times throughout his life. Regardless of his high or low position, he always regarded the people as his parents and paid attention to the sufferings of the people. According to historical records, in 1186 AD, when Lu You was 62 years old, he was appointed prefect of Yanzhou. During this term of office, Lu You "went to meet during the extended period of time, to pursue Xu Xu, to refrain from making new contributions, and to avoid Yan's travels" ("Ding Wei Yanzhou's Essay on Encouraging Farmers"). He does not disturb the people, does not waste, works diligently and selflessly for the people, and is loved and supported by the people.
"In the morning, the roosters crow, and in the evening the crows return to the palace. There are several cases of talismans, and I sleep and eat in them...", "How can I be free without a glass of wine?" ("Poems") Manuscript. Qiuxing")
These poems are not only true records of his life at that time, but also the embodiment of his love for the people. He had a strong sense of responsibility for the people. Until his later years, although he was old and sick, he still actively paid attention to social security and worried about the losses suffered by the people: "I heard that there are more dogs and thieves in Bixi. There are no naiques when you are wandering around, and there are widows and widowers." Who will tell me? The family is poor and I have to pay for it. If I am lying in bed, I dare to stand up and throw my hat." (Volume 18 of "Shi Manuscript") He opposed the arbitrary taxation of the common people, and could not bear to use the method of beating boards to force the common people to pay taxes. He believed that it was very shameful to do so: "The governor and the governor rent and pay taxes, and the pens are used to flatter my appearance" ("Poem Manuscript. Qiu Xing"). Because he cared about the sufferings of the people and worked hard to solve their problems, he achieved good results: "The rents of the people have been reduced repeatedly to chase the poor, and the officials' responsibilities have been lightened and the laws have been lenient" ("Poetry. Qiu Xing"). When he saw the people living and working in peace and contentment, he once consoled himself and said: "I came to Yanzhou, and I really deserved my poverty" (Volume 19 of "Manuscript of Poems"). He is worthy of the people, and of course, the people also love him very much.
Although Lu You was born into an official family, during the war-torn times, Lu You had an indissoluble bond with the common people since he was a child. Especially in his later years, he always maintained close contact with the people. According to historical records, after he left office, he "returned to civilian service and recited agricultural books" (Collected Works), and "mingled among old farmers" (Manuscript of Poems). He personally participated in agricultural labor and "planted vegetables in three fields." , seven or eight animals and dolphins" ("Poetry Manuscript. Residence"). Because he has been with the farmers for a long time, Lu You's relationship with the farmers has become increasingly deep and their contacts have become increasingly intimate. Lu You said to them: "When the rice comes to the east, I will give you a pot of labor; when the women in the west are employed, I will congratulate them with a roux" ("Poem Manuscript. Late Autumn"). And what about farmers? They also loved this old poet very much: "The savages knew that I seldom went out, so the men stopped working with hoes and the women got off the plane. They dug up this mushroom, which was ripe for cooking. I drank a cup of it to encourage me to protect myself from the cold. The savages liked that I occasionally wandered around, and hurriedly persuaded me to get wine. Xiaoliu, carrying a basket behind the house to pick vegetables, and calling a load in front of the door to buy pears" ("Poem Manuscript. East Village").
This kind of pure emotion can't help but remind people of the scene of Li Bai "staying at Xunni's house at the foot of Wusong Mountain" and Du Fu "being drunk by the father of the field". This scene reflects Lu You's close relationship with the people. .
(2) Lu You's concern for the country
Ming Lang Ying once said in his review of Lu You's poems: "A poem of sighs is full of anger, which shows his sentiments" ("Seven Cultivation of Category") draft"). So, what kind of emotion is "Qiqing"? It can be seen from his poems that this kind of feeling is concerned about the country and the people, "Cuihua has been patrolling the east for fifty years, and the Chi County Shenzhou is full of Rong Di" ("Xiao Tan"). He is worried about the country's broken mountains and rivers, and the fragmentation of the mountains and rivers. The problem is that the people are in dire straits.
"The war horses died in the stable, the ministers kept the peace treaty, the poor border points to Huai Fei, the foreign land looks at Jingluo" ("Drunken Song"), he rebuked the surrendering faction for betraying the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, and accused the surrendering faction of rejecting the war of resistance. The general's criminal activities that hindered the state affairs: "The ministers have their own parties and clans, but no one uses the curtains and curtains. Yue Fei. The old man should not know this hatred, and he also takes off his clothes on the Han Festival." "It is pity that all the princes are so good at planning for their own lives. How could they have harmed the country? There was no Qin at that time!" He expressed his great indignation at the capitulation faction for sacrificing the blood of the people to the greedy enemy: "The Central Plains used to be in chaos, and jackals and tigers hated human flesh. The chariot was made of gold. After losing to the imperial court, my ears and eyes have been familiar with it for a long time. I don’t know how long it will take for me to be greedy and cruel. I have been so upright and my tears have continued with blood." ("Wenlu Luanci Senior Yun")
"It was first reported that the beacon on the edge was shining on the stone, and I heard that Hu Ma was gathering in Guazhou. Sir, who will listen to Chu Xin's policy? We are worried about our parents! The heavy snow is hitting the window and my heart is broken, and the dangerous building is far away. Tears are streaming down my face. Little did I know that Huainan Road today is littered with flying flowers and flying flowers to see off the passenger boats." ("Sending Seven Brothers to Yangzhou Shuaimu").
This is the poet sending his friends to Yangzhou, which was close to the front line at that time. In this poem, he expresses the poet's anxiety about the situation at that time.
Lu You's concern for the country and the people is deep and unswerving. His life was full of ups and downs, but no matter what his circumstances were, his concern for the country and the people always lingered in his heart. On the battlefield, he turned this emotion into the courage and strength to fight the enemy; in the official position, he turned this emotion into the strength to serve the country and plead for the people, even after he was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown and aged. At this time, I still never forget to worry about the country and the people.
"Lao Jing has been ill for three years, and it is cloudy in October of the new year. The hedges are sparse and withered and the vines are covered with green moss. I am worried about the country and the lonely ministers are crying. I am not a son or daughter, and I am willing to be blessed with a white head. "Yin?" ("New Year")
"It has been six years since I returned to the mountain, and I vowed to cultivate my crops to support Huadian. Although my heart is about to be released, I am still worried about the country. Who can forget the taboos?" ? Talents are about to become more and more restrained. Are the public officials also picking up cucumin? Zhenguan Kaiyuan is now" ("Worry about the Country").
"Burning firewood every night to warm quilts, one meal in Yuzhong can make a fortune. As a wild old man, I have no responsibility, and there are homeless people on the road who are tempted!" ("Spring Miscellaneous")
When he was in court, he was worried about the country and the people. Even though he was far away from the rivers and lakes, he still worried about the country and the people. Like Fan Zhongyan, Lu You was worried about the world first and then rejoiced when the world was happy. His concern for the country was beyond words.
(3) Lu You’s ambition to serve the country
Not only is he patriotic and concerned about his country, but he is also determined to serve his country with practical actions. This is the difference between Lu You and other poets. In his works, "There are many heroic words, talking about conquest and restoration" ("Helin Jade Dew"), there are both heroic words to invite war, and actual descriptions of fighting the enemy. Through these works, people can clearly see The poet has a firm ambition to serve the country.
Lu You's life was in the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty and the first half of the Southern Song Dynasty. This period was a period of social turmoil and extremely sharp ethnic conflicts. "I was born in a rainstorm that darkened the sky, and flooded the boat with turtles and turtles." According to historical records, the poet was born in the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125 AD), the seventh year of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. This seems to indicate that the poet will face a bloody disaster from the day he was born. Soon, the emerging Jurchen tribe marched toward Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, from the east and west, and a war of aggression and counter-invasion began. However, due to the corruption of the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty, they insisted on a line of surrender and peace. As a result, the Jin soldiers marched straight in and attacked Kaifeng in the first year of Jingkang, Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. In the second year of Shaoxing, Zhao Gou established the Southern Song Dynasty court in Lin'an. In this earth-shaking era, Lu You received patriotism education while fleeing from an early age. His young mind was engraved with incomparable hatred for the invaders.
"When I was a child, I encountered chaos and chaos. My family was tired of running around in the Central Plains. I heard thieves and horses neighing at night by the Huaihe River. I would jump away without waiting for the rooster to whistle. A person with a piece of cake in his arms often crouched among the grass, and often did not cook for ten days. ".
In the tenth year of Shaoxing, Jin Wushu led his troops to invade the south on a large scale, but was defeated by patriotic generals such as Yue Fei. However, Zhao Gou listened to Qin Hui's slander and killed Yue Fei on "unfounded" charges. In December, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin people concluded the shameful "Shaoxing Peace Agreement" and announced their surrender. Yue Fei's patriotism and Qin Hui's treason were seen in the eyes of the young Lu You and kept in mind. From an early age, he made the aspiration of "mounting his horse to attack the Kuanghu, and dismounting his horse to draft a military letter".
In the twenty-sixth year of Shaoxing, the talented Lu You took the imperial examination to serve his country and won the first place. In the second year, he took the exam in the Ministry of Rites, also known as being at the forefront. But at that time, Qin Hui wanted his grandson to take the first place, so Qin Hui used his power to depose Lu You. Lu You was so angry that he studied military books at home and learned swordsmanship, determined to fight the traitors and invaders to the end. It was not until Qin Hui's death that Lu You was appointed. From then on, Lu You devoted himself to the battle to restore the Central Plains.
“In the past, I defended Nanzheng, and the Qinshan Mountains were lush and green. I slept in iron clothes, lying on my pillow, and my body was covered with frost” ("Poetry Draft").
“I used to go from the Rong army to the Qing Dynasty, and I would encounter bandits at the foot of the high mountains. I would mount my horse in iron clothes and kick on the solid ice, and sometimes I would go without fire for three days. The buckwheat in the mountains was mixed with sand and dirt, and the black millet and yellow grain were as earth-colored. Frost is flying across my face and the cold is pressing down on my fingers, but I only want to serve the country with my heart." ("Poem Manuscript").
This is the poet's description of the war scene. Such a scene cannot be written without being personally involved in it.
"Golden swords and white jade outfits shine through the windows at night. The husband has not yet accomplished his fifty years of service, so he picks up the sword and cares about the wasteland independently. Beijing has made friends with all the wonderful people, and their spirits are matched by life and death. Thousands of years of life and death. Shi Ce is shameless and loyal to the emperor. You come to the Han Dynasty to join the army. The snow and jade in Nanshan are rugged. Although the three households of Chu can conquer Qin, how can China be empty?" ("Jin Cuo Dao Xing")
"The feathers and arrows on my waist have withered for a long time, and the breath of the wind has not yet been recorded. I am still in the desert, how can you weep in the new pavilion? If you serve the country, you will die thousands of times, and your temples will never be green again. Remember the boats on the rivers and lakes, lying down to hear the news and the wild geese falling in the cold pavilion" ("Water Village at Night").
These poems are sonorous and sonorous, and the author's heroic spirit of loyally serving the country is revealed between the lines. "It is no pity to kill one's body in the first place," and "the body is wrapped in horse leather to preserve its integrity." Sacrifice for the country, and regard death as home. Even when I am old and sick, I still do not lose my ambition:
"Although I am very tired from old age and illness, I still have more strength, I can ask for the long-tasseled fruit, I don't hesitate to mount my horse!" (Volume 20 of "Manuscript of Poems")
"Lying stiffly in a lonely village, I don't feel sorry for myself. I still think about guarding the Luntai for the country. I lie down at night listening to the wind and rain, and my iron horse falls into my dream on the glacier" (Volume 26 of "Manuscript of Poems").
Luntai is the frontier of the motherland. The poet is old and weak and sick in his hometown, but he still never forgets to defend the borders of his motherland. The poet's passion and strong will are so admirable that even when he realizes that death is coming, he even turns himself into a ghost. , and continue to fight with the enemy: "I lie in the middle of the river with white hair, and I only rely on the heaven and the earth to judge my loyalty. .... The ambition is not old, and I can still be a ghost hero when I die!" (Volume 35 of "Manuscript of Poems") < /p>
Lu You died in 1209 AD. On his deathbed, he still kept in mind the reunification of the motherland and wrote the song "Shi'er" that has been passed down through the ages:
"I know everything after death. Empty, but the sadness is not the same as Kyushu.
Wang Shibei fixed the Central Plains Day, and there was no hope for family sacrifices to sue Naiweng! ”
A great and outstanding poet, his magnificent poems filled with a strong spirit of patriotism will always infect and inspire people!